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his sermon, among other things suitable to the occasion, this excellent Prelate observed, that as no prayers or fastings could sanctify rebellion, or tempt God to own an unjust party, so neither would a just cause alone justify those who maintained it, any more than a true religion without practice; it being necessary for us first to do our duty, otherwise the good cause and the true religion, would both prove unavailing to us. These latter observations he aimed against a looseness and debauchery of manners, which he had observed in too many at the Court of Oxford, who believed that their being of the right side in adhering to their lawful King, would atone for all other faults. He would also tell such people in conversation, that such actions as they were guilty of would frustrate all their hopes of success-asking, how could they expect that GOD should bless their arms whilst they weregrossly offending him?-Nor was he less severe on the Houses of Parliament, then in rebellion against the King, declaring the war they had made to be wicked, and-as it was afterwards proved-of fatal consequence, casting an irreparable scandal upon the Protestant religion.

Major Wormley depainted religion sitting in an angelical posture on the stump of a tree, with a broken cross near her with this motto, MELIORA SPERO, I hope for better things Another figured an imperial crown and a mitre, the motto, s1 COLLIDIMUR FRANGIMUR-If we strike against each other, we are broken-Another represented a swarm of bees, with their king in the midst of them, in allusion to the idea of the naturalists that these insects are governed by a monarch, the motto, PRO REGE EXACUUNT, intimating that as bees do sharpen their stings, so would he and his troop whet their swords for their King.

Captain Peter Pudsey depainted a hand and sword, smiting off an Hydra's heads, by which he metaphored the sectaries of these times, and the motto, TRADENTUR IN MANUS GLADII — They shall be given up to the edge of the sword.

Another represented an hand issuing out of a cloud, holding a green chaplet or laurel, with an imperial crown over it, and for motto, DONA

DEI UTRAQUE REGI-Each, the gift of God to the King.

Another figured an armed band holding a heart, and the words, PRO REGE-For the King.

A young stripling of fifteen years of age caused his device to speak him a man, for he figured a green branch of oak with SURCULUS FACTUS ARBOR -A scion become a tree.

Another depainted a lion broken loose, with LIBER LEO REVINCIRI NECIT, for motto-The liberated lion knows not what it is to be rebound.

Lieut.-colonel Ralph Pudsey, soon after the Queen's landing in the north, used this only motto, without figure, DUX FACTI MULIER - Under female auspices-An adversary might have added from Tacitus CONSILIUM MULIEBRE AC DETERIUS; for the permicious counsels of this unfortunate Princess, and her artful confessors, brought an incalculable number of miseries on the King and the people of Great Britain and Ireland.

Another seemed to fear some ill to the King; he figured a lion dormant, with NON MAJESTATE SECURUSs—Not safe in Majesty.

Sir Charles Compton, another of the Earl of Northampton's brothers, had this motto inscribed on his coronet, coNTRA AUDENTIOR ITO — · Advance the more boldly.

Another figured a crown imperial upon a lance, and the lance placed on a mount; the crown almost subverted or thrown off by the horn of the supporter of Scotland; but held up by the paw of the English lion, with this motto, RARA EST CONCORDIA FRATRUM-Rare is the harmony of brothers.

When the King was on his march to Leicester, a commander in bis army bore this for his device, a spindle winding up a bottom of thread, with this motto, VIRES ACQUI- He acquires strength as he proceeds.-This motto ceased to be appropriate after the battle of Naseby.

RIT EUNDO

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Another after some losses on the King's part appeared constant to that cause by representing a die with a hand casting it, and the motto, SEMPER JACTATUS, SEMPER ERECTUS-Always tossed about, always bolt upright.

Another figured a sword, with this verse inscribed on it for a motto, AL

TERIUS NON SIT, QUI SUUS ESSE POTEST-He is not another man's devoted friend who can be his own. Another had this usual motto only in his colours, VIVE LE ROI.

That Commander on his Majesty's part seemed to have some hopes left, who after the battle of Naseby, figured for his device a tuft of bulrushes growing in a river, and dashed by its waves, with this motto, ABLUI. MUR, NON OBRUIMUR-We are washed over, not overwhelmed.

Captain Hatton figured a close committee sitting about a table, and the motto in English, out of the Iviith. Psalm, UNTIL THIS TYRANNY

OVERPAST.

BE

Another represented a Bible on the one side of his coronet, and on the other hand a Sword, with a crown over both, and the motto, SPIRO HIS: HIS EXPIRABO-With these I livewith these I'll breathe my last.

Another, after the loss of most of his troop, to shew his constancy, figured a pyramid, weather-beaten with wind and storms, and motto, ET MANET IMMOTA- And remains unmoved.

Another represented a hand with a sword, with this motto—I shall either find a way or make one.

Another bore this motto, without figure, PRO REGE ET NOTIS LEGIBUS ANGLIE-For the King and the known laws of England-The word NOTIS was added, because both parties professed to fight for the laws of the kingdom.

Sir John Digby, by his device, seemed to invite all his fellow subjects to join the King, for he figured a circumference of a circle with several lines all drawn to the centre, and the motto, ILLUC OMNES-Hither let all repair.

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tion he mentions having met with some of these people inhabiting one of the vallies in the Pyrennees, called Luzon, I rather think; and calls them Cagots; speaking of them as if likely to be well known by that name to his French readers. He mentions them as known to be then existing (I think) by different names (Cahets is one), in three or four detached places along the West coast of France; such as Bretagne, Rochelle, &c. and refers to certain learned works (one in particular by M. Court de Gébelin) on their history and origin: they appear to have been formerly treated with great contumely, and even cruelty; at present, in the part of the country where he met with them, it consisted only in being shunned and looked down upon, and, I think he says, no intermarriages ever took place between them and the other families in their neighbourood. He describes them as wretched beings, almost like the Cretins in Switzerland; which he attributes to their degraded situation; and as being reluctant and ashamed to confess that they belonged to this

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proscribed class." I quote only from memory, and there is more about them in his book. It seems they are supposed to be the relics of some ancient conquered nation. Yours, &c.

Mr. URBAN,

YOUR

C. B.

Aug. 5. YOUR Correspondent, Z. A. (vol. LXXXVIII. p. 508) has stated a question relative to the legality of certain Marriages solemnized in Churches and Chapels erected since the 26th George II., which is certainly of great importance, but which, as it appears to me, is insufficiently explained by the acts upon which he comments. It is quite clear from the tenor of those Acts (21 George III. and two or three preceding ones), that all Marriages solemnized in newly erected Churches and Chapels previous to Aug. 1, 1781, were validated -That Act was passed on the 10th July 1781, and went to establish the legality of all marriages which had been at that time, or should be `solemnized in the new Churches, &c. up to the 1st of August in the same year. This, therefore, accounts for the seeming inaccuracy of which Z. A.

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complains in the indemnity, as to the Ministers only extending up to the 10th of July, and not to the 1st of August, since it was uunecessary to indemnify them after the operation of the Act took place, which sufficiently protected them until the 1st of August, one thousand sevenhundred and eighty-one. It is, therefore, not to be wondered at, that those Writers who have in particular alluded to these Acts, should consider them as legalizing the Marriages coming within their intention. Mr. Doug lass, in his report of the case of the "King against Northfield," (which decision gave rise to the Acts,) speaks of them as legalizing certain Marriages, and as having been brought into Parliament for such a purpose. Professor Christian in his Notes on Blackstone, and Mr. Stockdale Hardy in his "Letter to a Country Surrogate," have also viewed them in the same light; and indeed it is impossible to view them in any other, since the Law supposes all their requisites complied with, unless the contrary is proved. With respect to the transmission of Marriages solemnized in New Chapels to the Mother Church, that certainly is rendered imperative by the clause to which your Correspondent alludes; but as that clause does not directly make the nontransmission fatal to the validity of the Marriage, I cannot for a moment think that a neglect, as to the transmission, would invalidate the marriage. It might expose the Minister to punishment for his neglect, but the Marriage would stand unaffected. Yours, &c. AN OLD SURROGATE.

Mr. URBAN, Liverpool, Aug. 3. READ with much pleasure the Iremarks of your Correspondent (p.30), on Arms, Crests, Mottos, and Badges, &c.

To what Edward III. took, may be added what he also bore, the root of a tree camped and erased, to sig. nify his flourishing; and his grandson, Richard II. bore the same root, but took the sun in full glory, to signify, though his father bore the glory from a cloud, in him it was arrived at full perfection.

Edward III. bore the mantle gould doubled, as it was continued since in the arms, and his son, the father of

Richard II. achieved the badge of the Prince of Wales by his valour.

Edward III. had for his supporters, on the dexter side, a lion guardant Or, and the sinister, a hawk Argent, jessop'd Or, both supporters

crowned.

Richard II, took the lion Or, as his grandfather did, and a white buck (or hart,) armed Or, on the sinister side. He used a white hart couchant, and he impaled Edward the Confessor's arms before his own, when he went to subdue the rebels in Ireland; he used an ornament in gold like a pea on his garment, embroidered, which is introduced on his

inonument.

Henry IV. took all Lancaster badges, viz. the rose and crown, borne by Henry I. Duke of Laucaster, whose daughter his father married; likewise three feathers Ermine, feathers, stalk, and labels Gold.

He bore, as his dexter supporter, the antelope chained, as his father, and white swan ducally gorged Or, for the Hereford Bohun family; another badge he wore, a fox's tail.

Henry V. took to support the arms of France and England, the golden lion on the dexter, and the antelope of Lancaster on sinister. He took the cross light emblem, that he could be a light and a guide to his people to follow him in virtue and honour,

with the Lancaster rose.

Henry VI. bore the antelope on the dexter, and the panther as the sinister supporter. The panther, to shew that a king should have so many excellent and general virtues as there are spots and colours in this beast. He bore the supporters of his grandfather John of Gaunt.

The Lancaster rose, and 2 feathers across, as badges.

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Edward IV. bore as supporters, dexter, the golden lion by the earldom of March, in right of Mortimer, and the black bull armed and horned Or, by the honour of Clare. He bore the white rose by the earldom of March, and placed it on the sunbeams. He bore the falcon and fetlock Or and Gold, after his great grandfather, Edmund Langley, first duke of Yorkmotto, " Modus et ordo."

Richard III. took the golden lion for his dexter, and white boar of the dukedom of Gloucester, armed, &c. Or, for his sinister. I do not find any

other

other badges noted by my author for this king.

Henry VII. was rather more lavish of badges and ornaments. He took the red dragon on the dexter side for supporter, and the white greyhound, the earldom of Richmond, to shew he descended from the House of Cadwalleder; and appointed rouge dragon pursuivant of arms, port cullis the badge of the House of Somer. set, and for which also a pursuivant was appointed; blanche rose, and rouge rose, also great badges, used at this time, with another, the crown of Eng. land drawn in a thorn bush, and the same in which Henry VII. was crowned with when it was found. This was depicted and worn as a badge, sometimes letters H. E. sometimes H. R. as I take it Earl and Rex.

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Henry II. used the dun cow one of his standards which was offered up in St. Paul's Church with other standards, St. George and the Dragon, &c. after his victory over Richard III. at Bosworth field.

Henry VIII. contented himself with the Lancaster badge and the Somerset badge, and took the golden lion dexter, and the red dragon sinister: his motto, "Dieu et mon Droit," with a single fleur de lis under a crowB.

Edward VI. as his father, when king; previous, as Prince of Wales, he bore the feathers proper, in a circle radiated like the sun.

Queen Mary, much like her father, with a pomegranate and rose impaled under the Spanish crown.

Queen Elizabeth took delight in armorial bearings. She exhibited the arms of Edward the Confessor, Henry J. 2 lions, Hen. II. 3 lions (Plantaganet, viz. 1 lion), the Irish arms, the Welsh arms, the arms of France,

semé de lis in a border; and the arms Azure, 3 fleurs de lis Or.

Elizabeth took the same supporters and motto as her father, and the badge that was given by him to her mother thedove, with the sceptre, standing on the stump of a tree; also the Phonix rising from the flames; motto, Semper eadem."

Robert Cook, Clarenceux King of Arms, presented her with a Baron's Book to 1592, and she, though frugal, gave at one time 1000l. ; of which book a copy in MS. is now before me, thus inscribed;

A Copy of the English Baron's Book, from the Conquest to this Year, 1592*, dedicated to the Queen's Majesty, and by her Highness most graciously received and princely rewarded.

By Clarencieux, King at Armes. The badge Henry VIII. granted Anne Bulleyn was, on a root of a tree couped and, erased Or, a dove standing on one leg, wings indorsed Argent, armed Or; crowned Or and Gules; holding in its dexter paw a scepter Or, and standing thereon. Yours, &c. M. GREGSON.

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Mr. URBAN,

G. M.

Aug. 4. reply to Antiquarius of Newacstle T is with regret that I read your (p. 2), respecting the reprint of some of our antient Historians. The translation of Matthew Paris would be a most desirable publication; and I should hardly doubt but that the. announcement of its publication in 8vo. would be hailed with pleasure, and a moderate impression soon sold. The impolicy and injustice of the ob noxious Copyright Acts have been so lately the subject of a warm discussion, that it is singular no relief was afforded, by the introduction of a Bill during the last Session +.

You, Mr. Urban, the venerable and steady Patron of Literature, will not, I am sure, be backward in rendering your assistance to procure for the Publick so valuable an acquisition as the translation of the Historian in question would be. Perhaps, then, you will not refuse to insert this by way of hint to the parties who pos sess the Translation; and, in the hope that it will be printed ere long.

CLERICUS BedfordiensIS.

*See Noble's Hist, of the College, 1804. + The pressure of other important business during the last Session prevented it; but we trust the application will be renewed with effect in the next Session. EDIT.

Mr.

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URBAN, mersetshire, Aug. 10. Rint Dr. Hutton, in his ReEADING in your last Magazine

creations in Mathematics," had said something about the Divining Rod, I beg leave to say, that about seven years ago, I was building a house upon a hill of limestone, where there was little probability of getting a spring of water; and a farmer having just left me, with whom I was in

he would point out the hat under which the dollar was; but I did not accept his bet. He further told me that a steel rod was as good or better than the hazel rod; and that it was a general practice among the miners on the Mendip Hills to find out veins of calamy (lapis caliminaris) and lead by the rod.

Yours, &c. JOHN R. LUCAS.

Mr. URBAN, Penzance, May 17. N Cornwall there are several wells

treaty for the purchase of a piece of which bear the name of some Pa

land, my bailiff, who was with me, observed that the farmer was cele brated as a famous Dewster, and could find out a spring of water, if there was one. I asked him what he meant by a Dewster? he replied, that by using a rod or twig of hazel, he could find out a spring of water. Having before heard of the Divining Rod, and having little faith in it, I desired him to run after the farmer, which he immediately did; and the farmer told me, if I could get him a hazel rod he could easily find a spring of water, if there was one. Having procured a rod for the farmer, who, holding it in both his hands, and bending it into a bow, traversed for some little time a likely spot of ground, a little way from the house, and presently said there was a spring of water or goods, in a particular spot. I asked him what he meant by goods? he said lead ore, or calamy (lupis caliminaris). I desired him to inform me how he knew there were water or goods, and he replied, by the rod of hazel forcibly bending in his hands. I requested him to show me how to hold the rod, which he did; and I traversed the spot several times before I found any pressure on the rod : but, after directing me several times how to hold it, I at last found a very considerable pressure on the rod, whenever I went over a particular spot of ground, and I could scarcely keep the rod in my hands. This convinced me that there was some truth in it, and I ordered a shaft to be dug on the spot; and after going down three or four yards, the man came to some old workings of lead ore; but there was no water. On conversing with the farmer on the subject, he offered to lay me a bet that he would put 20 hats in a row, at some distance from each other, and under one of them I should put a dollar, and that

tron Saint, who appears to have had a Chapel consecrated to him or her on the spot. This appears by the name of Chapel Saint-attached by tradition to the spot. These Chapels

were most probably mere Oratories ; but in the parish of Maddern there is a well called Maddern Well, which is inclosed in a complete Baptistery, the walls, seats, door-way, and altar, of which still remain. The socket, which received the base of the crucifix or pedestal of the Saint's image, is perfect. The foundation of the outer walls are apparent. The whole ruin is very picturesque, and I wonder that it is passed over in so slight a manner by all Cornish historians, and particularly by Dr. Borlase, who speaks merely of the virtues superstitiously ascribed to the waters. This neglect in Borlase is the more to be wondered at, as the ruin is situated in his native parish. I was struck with being informed that the superstitious of the neighbourhood attend on the first Thursday in May to consult this oracle by dropping pins, &c. Why on the Thursday? May not this be some vestige of the day on which Baptisteries were opened after their being kept shut and sealed during Lent, which was on Maunday Thursday? My informant told me that Thursday was the particular day of the week, though some came on the second and third Thursday. May was the first month after Easter, when the waters had been especially blessed; for then was the great time of baptism. When I visited this Well last week, I found in it a polianthus and some article of an infant's dress, which showed that votaries had been there.

After the sixth century, these Baptisteries were removed into the church. I will thank any of your Readers who

can

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