cord the excellencies of his character, solely for the use of those who intimately knew him, would be unnecessary; they will never lose the pleasing remembrance of his worth, it is engraven on their hearts in lines which cannot be erased: to others, however, this short sketch of him may be interesting, as it presents an example highly worthy of their imitation; and to the writer, who has had the happiness of sitting under his ministry for many years, it will, at least, afford a degree of mournful pleasme, to assist in perpetuating the memory of so great and excellent a man.-He was a native of Pembrokeshire, but received his classical and theological education at the Baptist Academy in Bristol. On July the 1st, 1781, he preached his first sermon to the people of his charge, and after a period of two and thirty years of constant labour in his ministerial duties, he died in the bosom of his disconsolate family, on the same day in 1813. During the whole of that period, the affectionate union subsisting between him and his numerous congrega. tion, was uninterrupted, and their mutual attachment daily increased, particularly in the last few years of his life. He was indeed devoted to the service of his people, very rarely intermitting, by absence or otherwise, his public labours amongst them, and was remarkable for the rich variety which distinguished his pulpit addresses. For the rising generation he felt a peculiar regard, and in the evening of new-year's day, regularly preached a sermon particularly addressed to youth. In his character and office be maintained a truly dignified consistency. In him pedantry and ostentation were never seen; possessing an eminent degree of piety, it was never mingled with superstition; and although a scholar, he was ever the hum ble disciple of his Lord and Master. As remarkable for the gracefulness of his person, as for the superior qualities of his miud; his deportment gave lustre to both, and rendered him singularly interesting and amiable. In short, a combination of such eminent talents, such extensive knowledge, so fine and excursive an imagination, with such liberality of sentiment, suavity of manners, mildness of temper, and benevolence of disposition, is rarely seen. SOMERSETSHIRE. The father of the House of Commons is Clement Tudway, Esq. Member for Wells, who sat for that city in the first Parliament of the present King. Married.] Gerald Fitz-Gerald, esq. of Bath, to Catherine, daughter of the late Right Hon. Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart. Robert Clement, esq. banker, of Bath, to Miss Brookes, of the North Parade. Mr. William Hart, of Frome, to Miss Mary Genery, of Bath. Mr. Francis Marchant, of Stratton-onthe-Foss, to Mary, second daughter of Mr. Henry Vagg, of Norton-Down House. Lieutenant and Adjutant James Kitson, to Miss Jane Spy, both of Bath. Mr. Howie, to Miss Pope, of Lacock. Thomas Keedwell, esq. of Long-Ashton, to Miss Naylor, of Park-street, Bristol. Mr. Say, of Wells, to Miss Elizabeth Gifford, of Blackford. Mr. R. Nichols, of Saltford, to Miss Mary Collins, of Newton-St. Loe. At Hereford, Mr. Michael Wilcox, of Bristol, to Miss Ayres. At West Chinnock, Mr. R. Raison, to Miss M. Patten, of that place. Died.] At Castle Cary, Mr. Paul Paut. One of his danghters died only the week preceding, and he had suffered the loss of nine other children. At Bath, Miss Louisa Hill, fourth danghter of Mrs. Hill, of Henrietta-street.—In Caroline-buildings, David Sale, esq.—Miss Reynolds, daughter of the late Edward Reynolds, esq. of the Royal Crescent.-In New King-street, Mrs. Ferrers daugh ter of the late Rev. Mr. Slater, of Keynsham.-77, Mr. Richard Lankesheer, for merly a statuary of the city of Bath; a pupil of Mr. Prince Hoare.-At Primrose Cottage, Mrs. Molland, an eminent confectioner, of Milsom-street.-Mrs. Batt, of Stall-street.-George Taylor, esq. of Northumberland-buildings, deeply and sincerely lamented by all who had the opportunity of appreciating his rare and estimable qualities. He was a zealous and active associate of the Society established in Bath for the Suppression of Vagrants and the Relief of occasional Distress; and to the poor of Bath, his purse was ever open and his time devoted to them, with the most nnwearied assiduity.—Mrs. Kingscott, of St. James's-street.-Mrs. Templeman, widow of the Rev. Richard T. rector of Longbredy, Dorset.-57, Colonel Henry Thicknesse Woodington, of Pulteney-street: seized with a giddiness in Walcot-street, he dismounted from his horse, and entering a shop, requested a medical gentleman to be sent for; but he expired before his arrival. At Halse, Mr. William Bond, late of Bishop's Lydeard. At Bristol, Mrs. Powell. On the return of Mr. and Mrs. P. with the sister of the latter, from an excursion to Woolverton in a gig, the horse fell opposite Lisbonterrace, near the back gate of the Angel Inn, Old Bridge. Mrs. Powell and her sister were thrown out, and the skull of Mrs. P. so dreadfully fractured, as to occasion her death in a few hours. She had been married only on the day preceding! daughter of John Andrews, esq. of Shro ton. Died.] Sincerely lamented by his family and a numerous circle of friends, the Rev. William Liddon, of Chardstock, and rector of Sandringham, in Norfolk. At Beaminster, Mrs. Vie, of the White Hart iun. At Dorchester. 61, C. White, esq. DEVONSHIRE. James Buller, esq. M.P. for Exeter, and a magistrate for the county of Devon, lately laid the first stone of a new bridge, to be built over the river Exe, at Cowley, about two miles from Exeter, on the great road to Crediton and to the north of Devon. Married.] John Fortescne Brickdale, esq. to Catherine, only daughter of the late Charles Gregorie, esq. At Crediton, J. Taylor, esq. R. N. to Miss Eliza Parr Nosworthy. At Kenton, Francis Newcombe Day, esq. to Miss Elizabeth Collyns. John Tyndale, esq. of Oporto, to Julian, third daughter of R. H. Roope, esq. of Kingswear. Died.] At Plymouth, Mr. Matthew Wingyett, builder. At Exeter, Mrs. Symons, wife of Mr. S. broker. Mr. Hanker, coal dealer.-63, Mr. Aaron Murch.-In Northernhay-row, Miss Taunton. Mrs. Clarke, wife of Mr. C. linen-draper.-Robert Wilson, esq. brother to the late General W. CORNWALL. Married.] Mr. Johmi Pearee, of the Hotel, Redruth, to Miss Elery, daughter of John E. esq. At Padstow, Mr. James Martyn, to Mrs. Hester Blackett. William Paul Williams, of the borough of Penryn, esq. to Miss Harris, the daughther of the late Capt. H. of that borough. Died.] At Launceston, Miss Mary Carpenter, 75.-Mrs. Auz Bennett, widow. J. P. Carpenter, of Mount Tavy, esq. one of his Majesty's justices of the peace for the counties of Devon and Cornwall. At Falmouth, Mrs. Smith, wife of Adjutant S. of the Pendennis artillery. E. Penwarne, esq. eldest son of the late John P. esq. of Penwarne. WALES. The important object of effecting a communication between the rivers of Gwen draeth and Towy, about a mile below St. Ishmael's Church, Carmarthenshire, will shortly be accomplished; two hundred aworkmen being already employed. A Society, called the Carnarvonshire and Anglesey Medical Reading Society, has just been established. We again request notices of all such new establishments. Married.] The Rev. H. Price, of Ban gor, to Penelope Herdsfield, second daughter of Samuel Worthington, esq. of Llwynon. Charles, son of the late- Rees, esq. of Phillymaen Llwyd, Carmarthenshire, to Henrietta Susannah Anne, only daughter and heiress of the late Sir Watts Horton, bart. and niece to the Earl of Derby. At Trefeglwys, the Rev. James Morgan, curate of that parish, to Miss Sarah Izard, daughter of T. Izard, esq. Died.] Mrs. Wynne, wife of H. Wynne, esq. of Bryngola, Anglesea. At Ruual, Mrs. Griffith, widow of the late Thomas Griffith, esq. Charies Smith, esq. of Gwernllwynwith, near Swansea, one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the county of Glamorgan, Aged 40, Mrs. Ann Pugh, wife of James Pugh, of Abreadow, in the county of Radnor, esq. and one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for that county. SCOTLAND. The shooting for the siller gun was revived in all its wonted formality and splendour, of an ancient festival, peculiar to Dumfries. This festival is indebted for its origin to James VI. who presented to the incorporated trades, or craftsmen, of Dumfries, a small silver tube like the barrel of a pistol, the temporary possession of which, best marksman among them. Hence the as a trop y, was ordered to be given to the festival is called "Shooting for the siller gun" aud with this title has been the subject of a beautiful poem, in Scots' verse, by Mr. John Mayne, of Dumfries. The Muir, a member of the corporation of royal prize was adjudged to Mr. James Hammermen, who was proclaimed the hero of the rame of Lookup, of the Skinnerof the day. A young lad, about fourteen, trade, was the best shot among the journeymen and apprentices, and received the prize of a new hat. During the contest, the roads to and from "the tented field," together with the field itself, were uncom monly crowded with spectators. In the course of the day there could not be less than ten or twelve thousand persons present. Died.] At Dumfries, Mr. W. Chalmers, a much iespected bookseller of that place. At Glencommer, Dr. W. Tennant, author of "Indian Recreations,” and a gentleman much respected in the literary world. At Addinston, 77, John Simpson, esq. At Craigleith, near Edinburgh, David Ramsay, esq. for many years proprietor of the Edinburgh Evening Courant; a man of the most amiable character.-At Tradstown, Glasgow, Hugh M'Intyre, at the advanced age of 102. At Edinburgh, Lord Craig, 69, IRELAND. Died.] The Right Rev. Dr. Bellew, Roman Catholie bishop of Killala; he was killed by a fall from his gig. Athis seat, Castle Archdall, in the county of Nair Colonel Archdall, who repre N 2 sented sented that county in Parliament during a space of forty years. At the Episcopal palace, Kilkenny, 72, the Right Rev. Dr. J. Kearney, Bishop of Ossory. Dr. K. was elected fellow of Dublin college in 1764; became Professor of Oratory in 1781, and soon after a senior fellow. In 1799 he was appointed Provost, and in 1806 removed to the see of Ossory. At Kilbreedy, near Limerick, Christian Cliff, 109. REPORT OF DISEASES, In the Practice of a Physician, in Westminster; from the 25th of June, to Lepra 1 Amenorrhoea 2 Abortus 12 Diarrhoea 2 Dyspepsia.. 1 Gastrodynia 4 Enterodynia. 1 Asthenia 1 Cephalalgia 1 1 9 2 Pulmonary affections have considerably diminished. Rheumatism has been more than usually prevalent. Cholera is beginning; and diarrhea, especially in infants, has been troublesome. In a severe case of acute rheumatism, now under treatment, the pain and swelling affect the joints of one side of the body, which to the touch is very hot, while the other side feels cold; and the patient complains of numbness on the cold side. I do not remember to have witnessed a similar interruption of the diffusion of animal heat in an acute febrile complaint. The part most swelled is the elbow joint. It is difficult to account for this increase of heat on one side of the body, and the dimi nution of it on the other. Many inquiries into the nature and origin of animal heat have been instituted, and some ingenious theories on the subject have been maintained. Of these, the most favourite and best supported is that which attributes the production and continued renewal of animal heat to a chemical process; by which, in the course of respiration, oxygen is consumed, and carbonic acid gas is formed in the mean time, the caloric, or matter of heat, is equally distributed, by the circulation of the blood, to every part of the body. It would be needless in this place to expatiate upon this very beautiful and rational theory, or to consider-all the objections which have been made to it: but I introduced the subject from some reflections which arose from considering the case of the patient alluded to in the beginning of the report. If the chemical theory of animal heat were correct, how can we account for a partial want of heat on the surface of a limb, where the circulation, as indicated by the pulse, was precisely the same as in the arm of the affected side? It is to be regretted that I had not a thermometer with me, to measure the exact degree of heat: but I could not be mistaken in the difference of the sensation of heat on the surface of the two arms; the feeling of the one was that of a person in a fever, of the other that of a corpse. There was evidently partial ob struction to the evolution of caloric on the surface, but it was not evident that there was any interruption to the circulation of the blood. It has long appeared to me that the brain and nerves have more influence on the changes of animal heat than chemical philosophers have been willing to allow. Some recent experiments of Mr. Brodie are very decisive on this point. It is always pleasant to meet experiment with experiment, although there are mysteries about the human being, which probably no experiments can explain. Mr. Brodie has determined, by actual experiments upon animals, that when the influence of the brain is cut off, no heat is generated; "notwithstanding the functions of respiration, and the circulation of the blood continue to be performed, and the usual changes in the appearance of the blood are produced in the lungs." "When the air respired is colder than the natural temperature of the animal, the effect of respiration is not to generate, but to diminish animal heat." If we do not admit the brain and nerves to have some share in the production of animal heat, how are we to explain the rigor and cold stage of fever; or the icy coldness consequent on the receipt of unexpected and afflicting intelligence? The animal temperature temperature of different persons varies considerably, and in the same individual at different times, without there being sufficient change in the respiration and circulation to account for such an alteration. It may be urged, that a quick pulse, as in fever, is ge nerally accompanied with an increase of animal temperature; but in a warm bath, equal in temperature, or five degrees above that of the animal lieat, the pulse diminishes in frequency, while the heat of the body rises from five to eight degrees above that of the natural standard. Again; under some strong mental affections, the animal temperature does not sink, although the body is placed in a cold medium, which in other cir cumstances would reduce it considerably. If then, we cannot satisfactorily explain the formation and evolution of animal heat, we are justified in withholding our assent from a chemical notion, which, however ingenious, would reduce the living human body to the nature of a passive mechanical machine, without the power or the capability of acting itself, or resisting the action of external agents; which certainly is not the case in the disengagement of animal heat. SAMUEL FOTHERGILL. Craven-street, July 27, 1813. REPORT OF THE PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRY. IN our last report we took occasion to announce that the hitherto supposed simple substance, nitrogen or azote, had been discovered, by Professor Berzelius of Stockholm, to be of a compound nature, and stated that its elements were oxygen and some unknown inflammable gaseous basis. It is now, however, said that a young chemist of this city, about fifteen months ago, had also succeeded in effecting the decomposition of azote, and that, according to him, it consists of oxygen and common inflammable air, or hydrogen; and although he has been hitherto deterred from publishing this most important discovery by a desire to render his information, if possible, more perfect, yet he now intends, in a short time, to make us acquainted with all the particulars of his investigations. A curious stoney concretion, obtained from an elm tree in Hyde-park, has lately been analyzed by Dr. Thomson, and found to consist of the carbonates of potash and of lime, with a small quantity of carbonate of magnesia. This morbid matter is, no doubt, the same as that usually deposited upon the edges of the ulcers of old trees, and which was subjected to the examination of M. Vauquelin some years ago, whose report as to its composition agrees with that we have just given. The same able British chemist has likewise discovered a new vegetable principle exuding from the trunk of the oak, the most characteristic property of which is that of precipitating zine from its solutions of a black colour, whereas the precipitate of the same metal when thrown down by other substances is white. In most other respects this new substance very much resembles the peculiar exudation from the elm, to which the name of ulmin has been given, and it has therefore been denominated ulmin of the oak; although we think the term quercin might, with greater propriety, have been employed. Among the many interesting substances which have been brought to light by cutting the new road through Highgate-hill, a new vegetable resin has been discovered, very similar in many of its properties to copal and amber, except, unfortunately, in being more insoluble in any menstruum than either of them, and therefore, although easily fusible by heat, not promising to be applicable to any purposes of the arts. Some months ago, in another part of our Magazine, we noticed the occurrence of a curious natural phenomenon observed upon the surface of a frozen pond near Chichester. This circunstance, which interested many at that time, has been variously represented in different public prints; but the facts of the case are briefly these. On the 14th or 15th of December last, a farm-yard pond in Halnaker-park was frozen over, and soon after this event the whole surface of the ice was uniformly covered by a fall of snow. On the next day, however, it was seen that the snow had been removed from a portion of ice, about the centre of the pond, exactly resembling the figure of a human being; this portion, which very evidently differed in its quality and texture from all the other ice about it, the ice of the figure being clear and hard, and that about it impure and soft, was accurately bounded by a line of opake ice more white than in any other part. The phenomenon, of course, led to a further investigation; and upon breaking through the figure, the body of a poor travelling pedlar was discovered about five feet below the surface, fast in the mud, from which, most probably, it never had arisen, as it exhibited Ho signs whatever of putridity. We shall now shortly state the various causes which have been given of this singular phenomenon. Mr. Nicholson is of opinion, that during the act of freezing, a higher temperature must have existed in that portion of the sar face of the water directly above the body than in other parts; and that thus the water of these parts would be less gradually cooled, and therefore less regularly crystallized, than than the water of that particular portion: and assigns, as the cause of this extraordinary temperature, the developement of caloric by the process of putrefaction of the body. To this opinion Mr. Harrup objects, granting the body to have experienced a degree of putrefaction, which does not appear to have been the case, that the slight heat devefoped by this cause would be altogether annihilated before it arose through five feet of water of so low a temperature as 32°; and ascribes the phenomenon to a comparative repose of the surface of the water above the body, induced by the superstratum of oily matter which would necessarily be extricated from the cuticular pores of the body by the insinuation of the water into them: he also thinks, that by this repose, the water may have been cooled below the freezing point before it was actually frozen, (for it was long ago well known that water in a state of rest may be kept fluid at a very low temperature) and attributes the removal of the snow from the smooth portion to the sun or wind, the snow in other parts being protected from the influence of both by the comparative inequality of their surface. To this Mr. Nicholson replies, that although oil, when placed upon an agitated surface of water, has the surprising effect of tranquilizing it, yet that the oil spreads on all sides so extensively, that the figure could not possibly have been so definite as it really was, especially as the man was drowned at least a fortnight before the commencement of the frost. Sir George Cayley, with greater plausibility we think than either of the other gentlemen, assigns the phenomenon to a superior density of the ice of the figure than of its surrounding ice. Every one must have observed that in all muddy ponds there is a continual ascent of bub bles of impure air, arising from the decomposition of the matters at the bottom of them. Now it is evident that if any convex body rested on the mud, that all the pond would be subjected to the passage of these bubbles, except that part of it immedi ately above the body, the ice of which would thus involve no particles of air, while that of other parts would be full of them. In this way, he nicely accounts for the greater whiteness of the ice which bounded the figure, by supposing that those air bubbles which were able to make their way from beneath the sides of the body, arose in an accumulated stream; and explains the absence of snow upon the figure by supposing it to have been a better conductor of caloric than the more porous ice about it. W. B. London. MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. HE re-occupation of Hamburgh by the French, and the failure of Count Bernstorff's Tmission from the government of Denmark to the court of London, tended to sus pend the demand for every kind of merchandize for exportation, and consequently to canse a depression in the price of almost every article of colonial and manufactured goods. The exports of the last ten weeks, with the exception of those under licence for France, have been very trifling. The holders of goods, however, manifest no dispasition to sell at reduced prices, further than as their financial circumstances demand, or as the Bank fail to accommodate them. A comparative statement of the stock of colonial produce shews that the stock of coffee is very much reduced; the whole quantity remaining on hand being but just about equal to the consumption and demand for the last six months. Of British Plantation sugars, the old stock is entirely consumed, with the exception of 846 Hhds, and 847 Tes. that remained in the docks on the 26th ult.; to which also remain, from the old stock, 9985 Hhds. of refined sugars, re-warehoused under bond for exportation: our further observations on this great article of merchandize will be found to deserve more than usual attention. The total delivery from the West India Docks of British plantation raw sugar alone, from the 1st January to the 26th June, 1813, will be found to have been 60,647 Hhds. 10,936 Tes. and 2,879 barrels, whilst the whole quantity of every kind of sugar, including refined and foreign clayeds as well as British plantation raw, has not equalled 25,000 Hhds. averaging 9 cwt. each, a quantity evidently less than that remaining on hand out of the docks on the 1st January, which proves the actual consumption of the country, from the London market alone, since the 1st of January, to have been fully equal to the whole quantity delivered from the docks since that date up to the present time; and so bare is the country considered to be of sugars, that it will be several weeks before the usual supplies can be distributed through the country from the fleets just arrived; no reduction, therefore, from the present prices of sugars can reasonably be expected for some time to come; and probably the internal demand alone may cause some advance, which, unless the supplies should prove unus sually large, may be maintained through the whole year. The long suspension of the importation of tobaccos from the United States of America, without any immediate or decisive prospect of the importation being resumed, renders that article of more than usual interest. The present stock is only equal to about |
