WHO SHOULD EMIGRATE ?-GENTRY. 63

its own power, let England use in time the means. of protection granted to her by Providence. Let her ward off the fever which has prostrated other kingdoms: while Governments around her, by their crimes or their tyranny, call down just retribution from Heaven, let Great Britain be mindful of her blessings, her duty, and her destiny if she perform that duty—

"To flourish in immortal youth,

Unhurt amidst the war of elements,

The wreck of nations, and the crash of worlds."

To return to the consideration of the emigrants adapted for colonization. Although there is room enough for all, there are some to whom emigration will be less beneficial than to others.

The lot of young men of education and good family is to be pitied, who have been induced to emigrate without the means of procuring an establishment of their own. For such, until they have acquired a long colonial experience, there is little opening. As mere workmen they must be decidedly inferior to the labouring class, and a station suitable to their position in their native land it is impossible for them to assume. Instances have been known, but they are rare,

where, after years of of privation, such have, at last, been enabled to better their circumstances, and resume the place in society in which they were born; but, in general, blighted hopes induce a recklessness of disposition, which, when all domestic ties are removed, drives the unfortunate, whose principles may yet be weak or wholly unformed, to dissipated courses and depraved company, ruinous alike to body, mind, and reputation. Some seem to have been sent out by their infatuated friends because they were too wild to live at home, as if all such were not certain to go headlong to ruin when removed from all restraints. To these causes it must be attributed that occasionally men of birth, education, and sometimes of great mental attainments, are met in the lowest class of work

men.

Clerks are at the present time superabundant, but, in all probability, will shortly be in as great request as formerly; but should their gains be lower than their expectations, let them reflect upon the drudgery they endured at home, and also contrast the cost of living there with their expense in a land where bread is about 2d. per lb., first-rate meat 13d. to 2d., and almost

TUTORS-PROFESSIONAL MEN.

65

all other items of living in proportion. Even if their salaries remained the same, would not their position be improved?

The means of education are deficient, but it would be injudicious to recommend many ladies to seek their fortune as governesses. A few really superior men, who could conduct an academy, and give not only a sound but a classical education, would meet with every encouragement, and would prove a great acquisition to the colony.

The prospects of professional men are not very encouraging. Physicians and surgeons constantly arriving in the emigrant ships, are to be met with, usque ad nauseam. Attorneys also are numerous: the Bar must eventually prove a lucrative profession in a place where so much real business is transacted, but its gains are not at present very great. For really good and efficient ministers of religion there is a wide field of usefulness. "The harvest is plenteous, but the labourers are few." What funds there may be at present applicable for their support, it is hard to say. None should come out without first

*The Church funds will in future be under the control of the local Legislature. What view they may take must be problematical.

F

66

ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS.

consulting the Bishop, or head of the denomination to which he may belong. If they are eligible, and there are means for their support, they may rely upon a cordial welcome.

There is a great want of architectural and engineering talent, as is too evidently proved by the public works of the colony; and it would be vain to look for any proficiency in the fine arts: but here again, if many persons of these professions arrived at once, some would be disappointed, or would have to wait until their services became more appreciated by the colonists than they probably would be in the first instance.

limit to the

Any willing

Who then are those who would most benefit by emigration? Both he who has means to settle himself as a proprietor, and he who can work hard, and is not above doing so. If too sudden an influx of emigrants does not take place, as has once happened, there is no numbers required by the colony. man can soon learn his business; if he has been totally unacquainted with rural pursuits, he will be obliged to learn the usual method adopted in the colony. The mere labourer will be sure to find employment at from 8s. to 12s. per week, with abundant food and lodging.

THE PROPRIETOR AND THE INDUSTRIOUS. 67

The usual rations are

10 lbs. Flour,

12 lbs. Meat,

2 lbs. Sugar,

1 lb. Tea ;

which in England would cost the labourer 9s. or 10s. per week, but which at colonial prices cost the settlers about £9 per annum. In many places the supply of food is without any limit.

For good tradesmen there is, and always must be, a great demand; such are certain of high

wages.

For skilled labourers, such as gardeners, grooms, carters, &c., there is certain employment; really good domestics are difficult to be procured, and would be eagerly sought for. Young married couples, without much incumbrance, are sure to meet with immediate engagement; but any of the working classes, with large families, may find a difficulty in doing so. The expense of their maintenance, and the difficulties of bringing them into, and keeping them in, the country parts, being well understood by the settlers. Unmarried girls should, if possible, not be sent out without their parents.

The advantages of these colonies have attracted