lorous conduct in war. Many poor parents, however, are reduced by want to sell their children; a conduct that is considered as reprehensible, but for which there is no punishment. Several chiefs can bring 60 able bodied slaves into the field, which in such small clans gives them a vast authority.

eat.

heavenly bodies, sun, moon, and stars, and
spirits who preside over hills, woods, and
rivers, are considered as the agents employed
by Saljung to manage the affairs of the
world. White cocks are offered to the hea-
venly bodies, and fermented liquor, rice, and
flowers, are offered to the spirits of the hills,
rivers, and forests. The blood of the animal
is first offered, and then, after the flesh has
been dressed, a portion is added to the offer-
ing, and the votary eats the remainder.
There are no temples nor images. Before
each house a dry bamboo, with its branches
adhering, is fixed in the ground. To this the
Garos tie tufts of cotton, threads, and flowers,
and before it they make their offerings.

kept quite clean, partly by the canals which run through the city, and partly by the poor children, who collect and sell the streetsweepings, and every thing that can serve the purpose of manure. The streets are paved with marble, and small granite stones of various colours (migliurnolo), which are found in the bed of the neighbouring river, and even two or three feet below ground in the vicinity of the city. The houses, which are for the most part white, are three or four stories high, and are furnished with green window shades and balconies. They have in general a very unpleasing effect, owing to a total want of uniformity in the situation of the windows, balconies, and doors. The lower stories of the houses are, for the most part, occupied by shops of various kinds, so that the city has altogether the appearance of a vast market.

The Garos rear, for eating, kine, goats, swine, dogs, cats, fowls, and ducks; and they purchase from the inhabitants of the low, country all these animals, together with tortoises, and fish both fresh and dried. In the hills they also procure many deer, wild hogs, frogs, and snakes, all of which they In fact they have no aversion to any food, except milk and its preparations, all of which they abominate; and they have no objection to eat in any company, nor to eat what has been dressed by people of another nation. Their vegetable diet consists chiefly of rice and millet (Panicum Italicum) with many arums, caladiums, and dioscoreas. For seasoning they have capsicum, onions, and garlick; but they do not use turmeric. In their dishes they employ both salt and ashes, and sometimes oil; but they cultivate no plant that produces this. From both the rice and millet they prepare a fermented liquor, which is not distilled, and is used both by men and women to great excess. Poor people usually get drunk once a month, the chiefs once every two or three days. Onlar, is an object of their attention. The pre-Villa Buonaparte,is crowded to excess. Rows

They have an order of priests who, by the Bengalese, are called Rojas, from the resemblance between them and the Rojas or Ojas of Bengal. In their own language, these priests are called Kamal. They marry, cul- The utmost bustle prevails in the streets of tivate the ground, and go to war like their Milan, particularly in those in the vicinity of neighbours, and the office is not hereditary; the Cathedral, and in the royal palace, where any man who has committed to memory the the most elegant goldsmiths' and jewellers' requisite forms of prayer, may assume that shops are situated. In the latter, the goods office. These forms of prayer are publicly are very tastefully arranged, though in gerepeated at marriages, funerals, and in cases neral the shops of Milan are far inferior in of sickness, or when the clan is about to en-magnificence to those of Paris and London. gage in war. The Kamals also pretend to explain the fates by an examination of the entrails of sacrifices. The liver, in particu

centre of the city. It was begun in the year drew a meridian line across it, the extre- one, is built in the Gothic style, and consists 1385, by order of John Galeaz Visconti, the mity of which is carried up the wall; for the of three naves; the floor is paved with first Duke of Milan. Some suppose the winter-solstice, on the wall, where the image variegated marble. In the choir are some architect to have been a German, named of a goat is figured, the sun's rays enter pretty specimens of mosaick in coloured John Gamodia, while others attribute the through an aperture in the dome. The glass, executed in the tenth century by some plan of this magnificent structure to Marco windows of the middle nave are of plain Greek artists, who were at that time in de Campilione. To the building of this Cathe-glass, but those of the side naves are Italy. dral, the Duke assigned an abundant quarry painted. The church contains pictures by The Ambrosian library, which was founded of marble, situated at Candoglia, near the Percaccini, Zuccaro, Barocci, Flammeng-in the seventeenth century by Charles Frevalley of Domo d'Ossola. The stone was hino, Cerano, Figino, &c. The statue of derick Borromeo, is not so rich in printed conveyed along the Lago Maggiore, to the St. Bartholomew, by Agrati, stands behind volumes as in manuscripts; of the latter, Tessino, and from thence to Milan by the the choir, completely in shade. As an ana- the most important are the Jewish antiquiNaviglio canal. The Gothic style of archi-tomical study, it may be interesting and ties of Josephus on papyrus, probably writtecture was chosen, and for the space of two useful, though it certainly has but few ten in the seventh century; a copy of Virgil centuries, the works were carried on accord- claims to beauty. On the pedestal are in- of the thirteenth century, which belonged to ing to the original plan. Under Charles scribed the words. Non me Praxiteles sed Petrarch, and the manuscripts of Leonardo Borromeo, the front was completed and Marcus finxit Agrati. The people of Milan da Vinci. The library is open four hours ornamented; and it was agreed, that in set a high value on this piece of sculpture, every day. finishing the edifice, the Gothic and Grecian and relate many anecdotes respecting it. styles should be united. Pellegrini's plan They declare that its weight in silver has was adopted, and a cousin of Charles Bor-been offered for it. It formerly stood in a romeo, who was a great friend and patron niche on the outside of the church, but it was of art, carried it into execution. At a later deposited in the interior, in consequence of a period, the architect Soave made some altera- report that the inhabitants of Bergamo, tions on the building. whose tutelar saint the statue represented, had laid a plan for carrying it off. The church contains other statues of saints, but they present nothing remarkable.

The exterior of the Cathedral has a most imposing effect; it is entirely faced with white marble, and appears like a huge mountain of stone with numberless towers, loaded with carved work, and adorned with thousands of statues of various sizes. Its immense magnitude bewilders the imagination, and the whole structure pleases from its sublimity rather than from its beauty. It has a most singular, and it may be said, magical effect, by moon-light, when the numberless statues by which it is surmounted, seem to be floating in the blue ocean of the clouds.

The church is built in the form of a Roman Cross, and a flight of steps leads to the entrances, which are five in number. The doors are all of common wood, except the principal one, which is painted grey. The pillars before this door are seven feet in diameter. The interior of the church has a very grand effect, owing to its vast size. The largest portion,-namely, that which extends from the front to the arm of the cross, is divided into five naves, each of which has a separate door. The gothic arches and avenues are supported by fiftytwo marble columns, each forty-cight feet high; and the naves are lighted by five cupolas, the principal one being supported by four massy pillars, twenty-seven feet in circumference. The church measures 455 feet in length, from the front to the polygon behind the choir; the five naves are 166 feet in breadth; and the breadth of the whole edifice is 267 feet, including the chapel of Madonna dell' Albero on the north, and that of St. Jean Bono on the south, which form two towers at the extremities of the arm of the cross. The walls are nearly 7 feet in thickness. The floor is paved with white marble; and in the year 1786, some astronomers

The baptiserium stands on the left-hand side of the grand entrance; it is a beautiful urn of porphyry, which was found in the Thermæ. Above is a canopy, executed after the design of Pelegrini, and supported by pillars of a kind of marble, called Macchia Vecchia, which is found at Arzo, near the Lake of Lugano.

The choir is of considerable extent; in the inside it is adorned with elegant bas-reliefs of carved wood, and on the outside with white marble. At each of the two entrances there is a pulpit supported by bronze-figures of fathers of the church, as Cariatides.

On the left side of the church, near the grand altar, is a staircase, consisting of four hundred and sixty-eight steps, leading to a balcony which runs completely round the building. Those who take the trouble to ascend this interminable staircase are amply repaid, by being as it were transported into a region of sculpture; and the magical effect of the innumerable statues is increased by the dazzling whiteness of the whole structure, and the gilt image of the Madonna which surmounts the lofty spire. In clear weather this balcony commands a most extensive prospect; the chain of the Alps which unites with the Apennines, is distinctly visible, together with the luxuriant plains of Lombardy, justly styled the Garden of Italy,the towns of Pavia, Bergamo, Brescia, &c.

In an apartment, which was once the refectory of a cloister of Dominican monks, near the church of Maria della Grazie, may be seen Leonardo da Vinci's celebrated picture of the Lord's Supper. The cloister is now transformed into barracks; but the refectory is kept closed, and a small sum is paid to the porter for admittance. The picture, though on the wall, is painted in oil, and not on the bare lime (al fresco). Francis I. of France, who saw it in all its beauty, wished to have it removed from the walls and conveyed to Paris; but the process was not then sufficiently known, and it was deemed hazardous to meddle with it. Since that period, this master-piece of art has been exposed to the most shameful injuries. It was painted in the year 1497, and in 1566, Vasari found it in a wretched state, as did also Armenini, who in the year 1587, wrote an account of the picture. It is not improbable, that the circumstance of its being painted with oil, has accelerated its decay, as the oil has not united with the damp of the wall; others suppose that the covering which Leonardo laid on the wall has proved the cause of the mischief. So little were the ignorant monks aware of the value of this admirable performance, that they cut through the figures of the Saviour, and several of the Apostles, in order to make a door to communicate with an adjoining apartment. On another occasion it was partly washed off, and again restored by Michael-Angelo Belluti. It however received the greatest damage in the year 1796, from the troops who converted the refectory into a stable.

(to be concluded in our next.)

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.
To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.

In the vicinity of the cathedral, there is a Sir,-The conjecture in Galiffe's Italy, of church called Santa Maria dei Morti, the the origin of the Roman language, mixes with singularity of which attracts the attention of some fancy so much fact, that it is to be hoped foreigners. The walls are entirely lined the attention of our antiquaries will be turned with human skulls and bones piled up in with new interest to the older monuments of various forms; the altar is ornamented in a Rome, or rather of the ruined cities in its similar way, and the church contains several territory, which by their early overthrow have crucifixes formed of piles of human skulls. preserved their monuments from being pounded into mortar or buried in caverns by the spirit of building. The greater part of those monuments are in characters which have baffled the whole host of excavators and etymologists, and which for want of a better

The largest churches in Europe may be ranged in the following order, taking their The church of St. Ambrose is the oldest length as the point of comparison for their in Milan. It was originally built in the fourth size:-St. Peter's atRome, St. Paul's in London, century, by St. Ambrose, that celebrated and the Cathedral at Milan. The last, how-founder of the Catholic liturgy. The present ever, exceeds St. Paul's in height. church, which stands on the site of the old

solution they have generally decided to be Pelasgic. Their meaning is altogether beyond conjecture. Of those a memorable specimen is found in the brass tables dug up in 1444, near Cortona. The antiquaries have decided a portion of the characters to be Etruscan, and a portion to be Pelasgic-a character, by the bye, on which no two authorities are agreed. But there are traces of a resemblance to the Latin, i. e. the Russian, in the few phrases which this toilsome ingenuity has been enabled to delve out; and we may yet be indebted to some hyperborean for the elucidation. It appears that there were characters and dialects in use among the first Roman settlers, of which their posterity, even so carly as the time of Cicero, could make nothing. The Carmen Saliare, for instance. The Eugubine Tables are still a dead letter. Let some of the old Scythian be tried upon them. The present Russian has not been a written language, or rather had not assumed its present characters till within about these 200 years. But the dialects are various; there has been always a kind of barbaric bardic literature in the country. Scythian philosophers occasionally made the grand tour; and the borderers on the Euxine may have been the most likely immediate progenitors of the polished language of the Eternal City.

I have the honour to be, Sir, yours,

A CONJECTURER.

will be corrected, and take a juster position in our minds; and thus the miseries of this unfortunate class will be more generally relieved, and the sound in mind rendered more sensible of the blessings they enjoy, by contemplating these exertions in favour of mental distress.

as the fountain of insanity, gains an ascendancy on the deranged points; and, by this despotic sway, the other powers of the mind are absorbed, or embodied under a homogeneous form and tendency, as a sponge does water, if I might be allowed such an illustration, in treating such a subject; so that all the powers engaged in mental operation Premiums (in the form of dress, or of inare thus brought to aid the original delusion, struments tending to aid their resources in and hence an obstinate and confirmed disease. the way of recovery) for good conduct or for Maniacs, to my judgment, should be regard- excellence of any kind, might be distributed ed as adult children, among a few of whom, amongst them; and, if their labours were of comparatively speaking, there will exist a such a nature as to be sold, the product tendency to violence and mischief (often, should be applied to their individual encouhowever, increased by just resentment, flow-ragement, comfort, and restoration. They ing from brutal treatment), but this point in might be assembled a certain number of the charaeter of a few of these unfortunate hours daily, under their instructors; but the men, has been, by general opinion, unjustly nature and duration of their pursuits to be extended to the whole class. This senti-regulated by their medical attendant: and ment has ever been kept in view, and has here the analysis of the morbid mind might been most erroneously and most injuriously probably be studied with advantage to that associated with the treatment of almost all science, in which we have as yet made little forms of insanity:-hence their rigid con- progress. Intellectual combination and finement, and abstraction from society; their structure, like that of the body, can probairons, and prison-like cells, (which are ge- bly only be ascertained through the same nerally unnecessary) with many other revolt- channels, those of patient observation and ing circumstances, almost always obstructing dissection of what is morbid and what is their cure, and which have not, until late- healthy; and as these states of corporeal texly, been duly attended to. The physician ture reflect light on each other, so in menwho aims at a faithful discharge of his tal operation may the varied conditions of duty, ought to analyse every recent case of mind contribute to the same end. The reproinsanity with the same care that he investi- ductions arising from corporeal diseases, negates the nature and causes of bodily disease. crosis for example, throw light on the growth Four-fifths of the recent cases placed under and functions of health; and the returning my care have already been cured, besides se- intellect, keenly watched, may open useful [Resumed from L. G. No. 181.] veral which were deemed incurable. reflections on the varied connections and On this interesting investigation, Dr.Veitch With the above impression acting on my powers of the mind. It would be singularly continues to observe,-a mode of think- mind, and well knowing the tractable cha-pleasing, if that disease, which has heretoing on the subject of the moral treatment of racter of a great proportion of the insane, fore derived so little advantage from intellecmaniacs, has recently occurred to me; and would not a person in the capacity of an in- tual operation and from medicine, should which I believe to be new in its application, structor, or school-master, be useful at be the means of extending the boundaand likely to be useful to that unfortunate, mad-houses? Thus, those whose minds ries of both these sciences. In all cases of and much neglected class of our fellow-crea- were in any degree accomplished, or inform-incipient mental disease, the action of stimuli tures; I am therefore induced, well know- ed on subjects of art, might be employed is hurtful, and this analogy very generally ing the interest which the Board takes in the with such arts and accomplishments, or in extends to all incipient corporeal diseases. comfort and recovery of the patients under reading such books, or directed to such These opinions are offered with much defermy care, to submit these opinions to their pursuits, as would contribute to their em-ence; and I can affirm, that they spring consideration. The plan, if approved, can be ployment and to their recovery. Those who from an ardent and anxious desire to be easily extended to our naval maniacs; among were capable, might be led to read aloud to useful to a class of men, certainly labouring many of whom there exists a turn for drawing, others who were less informed, and thus assist under the greatest affliction that can befal reading, ship building, writing and design, and in the restoration of such maniacs, as well as human nature. in which they should assuredly be indulged, advance their own cure; indeed they might, where nothing exists to forbid such employ-in some instances, be rendered the actual ment, as such objects of attention would teachers and instructors of each other; an call forth and engage their mental faculties, extension of my ideas on this head, which I in a way likely to contribute to their reco- owe to a gentleman whose name I at this very, and to their amusement. I am deci- moment decline mentioning in the manner I dedly inclined to believe that madhouses, could wish, as it might prove disagreeable. constituted as they in many instances, have I consider the suggestion most excellent been, and even now are, have often confirm- and highly practicable, and therefore likely ed a disease that was, in its early stages, eato perform an important part in this intersily curable. esting and pleasing pursuit. Such meaFrom such receptacles, generally speaking, sures, by subjecting this disease to more genot being endowed with the means of agreea-neral and mixed observation, will tend to rebly engaging the attention of the maniacs, by either new or favourable pursuits, or of rousing their bodily powers by exercise; the imagination, which may be regarded

INSANITY.

D.

we draw from the facts now under our con- | a system of visitation has the effect of checksideration.

In the treatment of insanity, the difference of results between recent and old cases, and the superior success arising from the employment of early and active means, is truly most astonishing. This is forcibly illustrated by the statement which was placed before the Committee of the House of Commons, to inquire into the state madhouses, by Dr. Veitch.

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

PESTILENTIAL DISEASES.

The author, at the conclusion of his ar

ing undue coercion, from which the great-ticle on chlorine, points out one very precious
est evils have arisen in the cure of mental use of this substance; that is, as a specific
derangement.
against hydrophobia."We have," says he,
very flattering hopes on this subject; for
there must be a very strange combination of
chance, if the numerous cases of success in
the application of this remedy in the hospitals
of Pavia and Milan were to prove nothing in
its favour. Yet it is so difficult to stop all the
sources of error or of illusion, in researches
of this kind, that we ought to remain in a
state of philosophic doubt, while we invite
those who are versed in the art, to multiply
experiments for the final discovery of the
truth."

On the disinfecting action of Chlorine, from the Guide to the Study of Chemistry, by Dr. Gaspard Brugnatelli of Pavia.*

EXPERIMENTS ON THE VENOM OF THE
VIPER.

Communicated to Professor Pictet, by Pro-
fessor Configliacchi, and read to the Hel-
vetic Society of Natural Philosophy.

(From the Bibliotheque Universelle.) I have employed myself for several years the province of Como, and of a part of the in searching after the venomous reptiles of Canton of the Tessin (Ticino). I have found only two species of viper, and one variety. One is the Coluber Berus, or the common viper; the other is the Viper of Bedi. The variety of the common viper is the Coluber aspis of Linneus, which is pretty common in France, and is called Aspis by Daubenton.

To the Editor of the Literary Gazette. The wide circulation of your highly valued These successful and most interesting journal, which unites in so eminent a degree consequences seem to us to be ascribable the useful with the agreeable, that it well to the diligence and humanity of that gen-merits to bear for its motto the celebrated tleman; for certainly the sphere of action and often quoted line of the Roman poet, in which he was directed to move profession-induces me to hope that the information ally, was surrounded with many difficulties, contained in the following extract may be because defective in the means of giving welcome to many of your readers, though it exercise and employment to the unfortunate is of course no novelty to adepts in the maniacs who were the objects of his care. science of chemistry. That medical man who possesses this resource, and can wield it combined with just views of the nature of this afflicting malady, will always be a successful practitioner. Between the 1st July, 1815, and of chemists, no means have hitherto been Notwithstanding the persevering researches 4th February, 1817, seventeen recent cases discovered of collecting and subjecting to of insanity appear (from the returns) to examination the contagious miasma which have become the objects of Dr. Veitch's care, eleven of whom were discharged, cured, and are exhaled in certain diseases. That they have nevertheless a real existence, is proved relieved; two died; and four remained at that time, who were deemed curable. by the peculiar odour, which is one of their One of the two patients who died, was properties: the means formerly used to dein an advanced state of incurable bodily stroy them were limited to palliating this disease when he became the patient of odour, by the mixture of odoriferous subDr. Veitch, and the other suffered from stances, more or less powerful and innoxious; Having copened a hundred of these venoan organic affection of the brain, sud- but the germs of contagion were not dedenly terminating his existence. Out of stroyed. The chemists of our days, by the mous animals, I have found the number of 140 cases of long standing, nine were dis- powerful aid of chlorine, have succeeded in males to be to that of females in the proportion of one to three. They are alike in all charged cured, and relieved. Some of these decomposing or wholly neutralising these other respects. I have found no difference nine cases had been of six, seven, and eight / terrible enemies of the public health. What-in the power of their venom; on the other years standing; and such results are calcu-ever the infected place may be, the neutral-hand, the season, and the nature of the places lated from their duration to shew, that, izing action of chlorine is certain; it causes which they inhabit, contribute to the greater while there is life, the maniac should not be the offensive odour to disappear, and that of abandoned by the powers of medicine. or less degree of promptitude with which it the chlorine itself becomes hardly sensible (unThe advantages of continued attention are less it has been employed to excess), which I collect this venom by pressing with little invariably extended to all bodily diseases, manifests the reciprocal action of the mias-iron forceps the bladders, situated behind however protracted in their character; and me and the gas. Fumigations with nitric the canine teeth, and squeezing it into a mental disease certainly has stronger claims acid, and of hydro-chloric acid (muriatic), watch glass; then with a needle, channelled on our protection and compassion; and the may be employed for the same purpose: they towards the point, I inoculated in the thigh relatives of the deranged who, possessing the are less active than those of chlorine, but they (always with an equal quantity of venom,) means, withhold such efforts for their relief, may be used with advantage in many cases. We will here describe the mode of pro- tried it on pigeons and sparrows. the animals intended for the experiments: I incur an awful responsibility. We here again repeat, that there can be no method ceeding, for the use of families in which one better calculated to render disease, whether or more individuals are attacked by one of bodily or mental, incurable, than to consi-those maladies from which contagion may der it so; and this fate has generally be apprehended, and where the (rather comawaited the maniac: and hence the overbur-plicated) means of producing chlorine are not thened state of our mad houses. These cures at hand. It is sufficient to procure some are, upon the whole, most satisfactory, and nitre or sea salt, pulverized; to put half an they assuredly merit the attention of the phi- ounce into a teacup, and to pour upon it lanthropist, and of all who are interested in sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol). You must the relief of their afflicted fellow creatures. stir the mixture, which is of the consistence We know Dr. Veitch to disclaim all preten- of paste, with the end of a glass tube: a

white smoke is seen to arise from it, the

acts.

I convinced myself in the most positive manner that this poison has no effect on the animal economy, unless it is introduced into the blood vessels; for I made these birds swallow pills moistened with this venemous juice, instead of inoculating them with it.

When I made use of the venom extracted

from several vipers, and mixed, a small number of the sparrows inoculated died in five minutes; and the mean time was eleven minutes. But when I used the venom of a

sions to secret methods of treating this ma- smell of which, though strong, is not dis- single animal, the differences were very great:

manage

lady. His success flows from humanity,
combined with experience, which are both
of the utmost importance in the
ment of this disease. It is a principle with
this gentleman, that, where pain exists, it
should be instantly relieved; and where ex-
acerbations take place, whether in mental or
bodily disease, they should be, with as little
delay as possible, met by proper ai l, and such

agreeable, and which forms in the chamber,
as it were, a slight mist. The operation
must be repeated from time to time, and the

mixture frequently stirred.

* Guida allo Studio, &c. Vol. I. We are not

informed of the publication of more than this
first volume of a work which promises to be
highly interesting to the chemical student.

some even recovered when the venom was

not strong enough. Our celebrated Masigli has written sufficiently on experiments of this nature; but those in which I chiefly engaged, (having many warm-blooded animals, sparrows for instance, which died before my eyes, after a small number of palpitations), were to subject them to the electric current of a voltaic apparatus. An inquiry in an

FINE ARTS.

tural philosophy often opens the way to
others; and though in our observations and
experiments we propose a determinate object,
we do not know whither they may lead us.
Competition for the Prizes to be adjudged
With a pile of 80 pair, copper and zinc,
by the French Academy of Paintings.
excited by a solution of sulphate of alumine, The subject this year selected for com-
of the tension of one degree of our electrome- petition is from the Iliad; namely, Achilles
ten à paillettes, I subjected the dead birds distributing the prizes after the solemn games
which I had poisoned, while still warm, to which took place at the funeral of Patroclus.
the electric current, comparatively with Achilles presents Nestor with a magnificent
others, which I had killed either by suffocat-gold cup, as a testimony of his veneration
ing them, or cutting off their heads, or break- for the valour and wisdom of the old warrior.
ing the vertebral column near the neck. I The pictures exhibited are ten in number:
made one pole communicate with the spinal the seven which are hung first in order are
marrow, and the other with one of the mus-only remarkable for exhibiting every sign of
cles of the thigh. The result was, that the a tendency to retrograde towards the bad taste
irritability of the muscles was considerably of the old school. Certainly they are not
diminished in those animals which had been all equally indifferent, but they are feeble in
killed by the venom of the viper: its duration composition, style, drawing and colouring.
was only about a quarter of that of the ani- The remaining three are also indifferently
mals killed in another manner, and was not spoken of, though somewhat better.-(F.
even the sixth part of those which had been Journal.)
decapitated.

The muscular contractibility was besides so weak in the animals poisoned by the venom of the viper, that a quadruple number of plates did not produce an effect equal to that obtained by the fourth part on those which had been decapitated. It is useless to observe, that in these experiments, the electricity of the pile of 80 pair was sometimes excessive; I reduced it to 40, to 10, according to the effect which I desired to produce: I afterwards subjected the poisoned animals to this same electrical apparatus, before they expired, and that as soon as possible, in order to observe the effect of the action of electricity, at the moment when that of the venom tended to the destruction of life; I was not able to make more than three

Where day succeeding day, and each the same,
In point of change no preference can claim
On the blank void. I feel no early trace,
From childhood's years, to fill the vacant space.
Yet something, like the memory of a dream,
Across my floating fancy shook its gleam.
vision like the sun's departing ray,
Or, when its beams in pictur'd fragments fall,
Struggling to flush upon the close of day;
Through the stain'd window, on the cloister's

wall.

E'en in my prayers some wanderings I find
Break on the trackless desert of my mind;
And in confession's holiest hour I pour
My lapse and failings from this hidden store;
And still condemned to meet the father's brow
Severe, he bid me think upon my vow.

Yet I have marked upon his pallid cheek,
The big tear drop, a sigh so sadly meek
The morning of my life he knew so well.
Escape his bosom, when I press'd he'd tell

But all is passed away-for he is gone;
And I, upon this spot of earth, alone

Stand unconnected with all human ties,
And wait my long reversion in the skies.

D.