are gone to their offices, another troop of idlers appear, still more frivolous than the former, and remains till tiffin, at two o'clock, when the real dinner is eaten, and wines and strong beer from England are freely drank. The ladies then retire, and for the most part undress, and Ïye down with a novel in their hands, over which they generally sleep. About five o'clock the master of the family returns from his office, the lady dresses herself for the mount road, returns, dresses, dines, and goes from table to bed, unless there be a ball, when she dresses again, and dances all night; and this, I assure you, is a fair, very fair account of the usual life of a Madras lady.'

Our fair observer is rather better pleased with the society of Calcutta than either of the other Presidencies; but her preference seems to rest upon the qualities of a few individuals, and by no means of the mass.

The English society of Calcutta, as it is more numerous, affords a greater variety of character:-and a greater portion of intellectual refinement, than that of either of the other presidencies. i have met with some persons of both sexes in this place, whose society reminded me of that we have enjoyed together in Britain: when some of the wisest and best of our countrymen, whose benevolence attracted our attention as their talents commanded our esteem, loved to relax from their serious occupations in the circle of their friends. Among the few here who know and appreciate those things, the most agreeable speculations are always those that point homeward to that Europe, where the mind of man seems to flourish in preference to any other land. If we look round us; the passive submission, the apathy, and the degrading superstition of the Hindus; the more active fanaticism of the Mussulmans ;-the avarice, the prodigality, the ignorance, and the vulgarity of most of the white people; seem to place them all on a level, infinitely below that of the least refined nations of Europe.'

Nothing can be more unfavourable than this account of the generality of our countrymen in India, whose vices level them with the half civilized natives. Elsewhere she remarks,

I grieve that the distance kept up between the Europeans and the natives, both here and at Madras, is such, that I have not been able to get acquainted with any native families as I did at Bombay.'

This is a circumstance of importance. The English refuse to associate with the natives, as if the one were of a higher, the other a lower caste. Mrs. Graham speaks of natives of wealth and distinction. If such is the state of feeling on the part of the English caste, we may easily conceive to what conduct it gives birth on the one side, and to what sentiments on the other.

The trait of the English character marked in the two concluding sentences of the following passage, is one of deep impression, and singles out that character, not greatly to its advantage, among the men of almost every other country on the globe.

، Calcutta, like London, is a small town of itself, but its suburbs swell to a prodigious city, peopled by inhabitants from every country in the world. Chinese and Frenchmen, Persians and Germans, Arabs and Spaniards, Americans and Portuguese, Jews and Dutchmen, are seen mixing with the Hindus and English, the original inha bitants and actual possessors of the country. This mixture of nations ought, I think, to weaken national prejudices; but, among the English at least, the effect seems diametrically opposite. Every Briton appears to pride himself in being outrageously a John Bull'

To be outrageously a John Bull, is to be very arrogant and very coarse; an affectation derived from the bad parts of English education, and which an improved mode of culture and instruction would subdue. Its practical effects are very pernicious-it tends to harden the character, and render it tyrannical and brutal; and it generates unavoidable disaffection in those who are subject to its operation. Mrs. Graham adds, that notwithstanding the lofty assumptions of John-bullism, she believes that under English sway, in point of substantial rights, and law, all natives are equal. It appears that the train of circumstances disclosed to us, by Chief Justice Sir William Burroughs, had been concealed from her view.

Among the circumstances brought forward by our traveller, a few more appear to us of too much importance to be neglected.

In Bombay there are a good many Banyans, or travelling merchants, who come mostly from Guzerat, and roam about the country with muslins, cotton-cloth, and shawls, to sell. On opening one of their bales, I was surprised to find at least one-half of its contents of British manufacture, and such articles were much cheaper than those of equal fineness from Bengal and Madras. It seems strange that cotton carried to England, manufactured, and returned to this country, should undersell the fabrics of India, where labour is so cheap.'

Yet with what confidence were we lately told by the obstreperous advocates for the monopoly, that India could never afford a vent for her British manufactures; as the Indians would never provide a demand for our goods.

Having described a religious procession of the Hindus, in which there was much noise and glitter, which have often passed upon our countrymen for sublime, Mrs. Graham, with better discrimination, remarks; "All this looks very well at a distance, but when one comes near, one is shocked at the meanness and inelegance of the God, and at the filth and wretchedness of his votaries." This remark will apply to much of what has excited the admiration of some of us, in the religion, literature, arts, and politics of the Hindus. The near approach of an intelligent eye scatters the illusion.

Returning last night from my evening's drive, I passed the English burying-ground for the first time. There are many acres covered so thick with columns, urns, and obelisks, that there scarcely seems to be room for another. It is a little city of the dead. It extends on both sides of the road, and you see nothing beyond it : and the greater number of those buried here are under five and twenty years of age! It is a painful reflection, yet one that forces itself upon the mind, to consider the number of young men cut off in their first two or three years residence in this climate."

When the hands which are employed in throwing dust in our eyes, to prevent us from seeing India as it is, produce the fortunes of those who come home from India, as something which we ought wonderfully to prize, they take care to keep out of sight the price which we pay for them; in the lives (nine in ten) which are lost, with all the expence which is bestowed in educating and fitting out a writer or cadet, and all the wealth of which they might have been the creators had they remained at home. Let this account be fairly balanced, and we shall then see on which side the deficit remains.

We have now produced what appear to us the most remarkable particulars in this entertaining, and instructive volume, which we recommend to general perusal. Mrs. Graham stands very high in the rank of travellers. She is both an active and an intelligent observer. She looks abroad upon the beauties of nature with a warm sensibility, and describes them with skill. She is an instructed botanist, an important quality for the traveller, without which the vegetable treasures of a foreign land can be described with no precision. She has a mind too well furnished, and too discriminating to be imposed upon either by first, or by false appearances, in human conduct and human situation. She does not adopt opinions, merely because they have been held by others. It is necessary to add that she abstains from all the discussions which have grown out of the politics of India, and confines herself to what may be called a popular view of that great country- a work,' to use her own words, which, without entangling its readers in the thorny walk of politics or commercial speculation, should bring before them much of what strikes the eye and the mind of an observant stranger, and addressing itself rather to the general reader than to those who are professionally connected with the regions it describes, should perform the same humble but useful office as to India, which tolerably well-written books of travels have done as to most of the other countries of the world.' We have no hesitation in saying that what she has undertaken she has well performed. Of the style of the work we have produced so full a specimen in the extracts which we have selected,

that little on that subject needs to be said. It is flowing, perspicuous, and in general easy. There is more of swell perhaps than the temper of the work demanded; but that is the taste of the times; and Mrs. Graham offends in this particular far less than is generally done by our candidates for literary fame to which eloquence seems now to be thought the only passport; eloquence in a peculiar sense; eloquence after the Johnsonian and Burkeian fashion; a perpetual attempt to say every thing in a lofty manner, always verbose, and often turgid.

Art. III. A Reply to the Strictures of the Rev. Isaac Milner, D.D. Dean of Carlisle, &c. By Herbert Marsh, D.D. F.R.S. Margaret Professor of Divinity in Cambridge. 8vo. pp. iv. 171. Price 3s. 6d. Rivington. 1813.

Art. IV. Dr. Marsh's Fact; or, A Congratulatory Address to the Church-Members of the British and Foreign Bible Society. By the Rev. Charles Simeon, M.A. Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. 8vo. pp. 30. Price 1s. Hatchard. 1813.

POOR Dr. Marsh! Never did any one more comletely ve

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rify the observation, that when a man of learning engages in a bad cause, his talents as well as his reputation become injured by the attempt. He has been labouring, according to his own account, to oppose a torrent of burning lava that issues from Ætna,' and no wonder that his faculties, instead of his fingers, have been scorched in the trial. If it were not that he gets more out of temper as his defeat becomes more signal, we really should condole with him, and lament that men of all ranks and persuasions, and almost all degrees of ability, that clergymen and laymen, dignified divines and country curates, right honourables and plebeians, papists and protestants, methodists and quakers, should all, as the Doctor elegantly expresses it, " peck by instinct," and peck successfully too," at the Margaret Professor." Vile "broods!" for broods the Professor terms them; they have gone "well-nigh" to peck out the eyes of his understanding: but before this mental Sampson entirely yields, he has here made one desperate effort in his conscious chains, careless whether he destroys himself, provided he can bury the Philistines in the same ruins.

"at

We most assuredly “set down nought in malice," when we affirm that, except in the pages of a celebrated "Portraiture of Methodism,” we never met with more bad writing, paltry insinuation, direct misrepresentation, and intemperate invective, in such small compass, than in Dr. Marsh's Reply to Dean Milner's Strictures. We are unwilling to support this assertion

by quotations; but can most unhesitatingly refer to the book itself for its full confirmation. Such, of our readers, however, as have had enough of the ridiculous controversy commenced by Dr. Marsh, (and who has not long ago been sated with it?) may like to know how this logical writer manages to set up any fresh arguments in reference to this topic; and for their edification we present the following syllabus in his own language.

PART I. General Defence of the Inquiry.

Chap. 1. The Inquiry into the consequences of neglecting to give the Prayer Book with the Bible, founded on the FACT that the non distribution of the Prayer Book with the Bible was then JUSTIFIED by the church advocates of the Bible Society.

. 2.

Proof of the FACT that when the Inquiry was published, the church advocates of the Bible Society JUSTIFIED the non-distribution of the Prayer-Book with the Bible

• 3. Further proof of the FACT from Dr. Milner's own speech at the Town Hall in Cambridge on December 12, 1811; with remarks on his present attempt to vindicate his application of the terms TRADITION and CORRECTIVE to the Prayer Book.

4.

• 5.

Weakness of Dr. Milner's effort to EVADE the FACT.

Artfulness of the attempt to get rid of the FACT by the means of substitution.

6.

Whether the PRACTICE of distributing the Prayer-Book with the Bible prevailed GENERALLY among the church members of the Bible Society during the eight years, which elapsed between the foundation of the Society, and the publication of the Inquiry.

7. Of the TENDENCY of the Bible Society to make the church members of it inattentive to the distribution of the Prayer-Book.

8. Effects produced by the Inquiry on the distribution of the Prayer-Book.

PART II. Defence of the Inquiry in reference to particular points; with Remarks on various subjects connected with it

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Chap. 1. Falsity of the assertion, that the Inquiry imputed a disregard of the Liturgy to churchmen in general who were members of the Bible Society.

2. Absurdity and malice of the attempt to represent an opposition to the Bible SOCIETY, as implying an opposition to the Bible.

3. Imputation of Popery.

4. On Calvinism, as connected with the Inquiry.

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The same subject continued, in reference to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge: to Anti-Calvinistic Tracts; and to the Author's Anti-Calvinistic Sermons.

6. Reply to Dr. Milner's Remarks on the National Society. 7. Dr. Milner's Representation of himself and his adversary. 8. Mischiefs at Cambridge.

'APPENDIX. Sect. 1.

The Principle, on which the Theorem was founded, for determining the Identity of Manuscripts, defended