of the Altitude, and it gives the Latitude, as in the first Method.

5. IF the Point in which the Star rifes or fets be observed, the Latitude may be found by the celestial Globe as before; fuppofing the Star to be the Sun.

6. IF you have not a Table of the Declination of the Stars, obferve a Star that neither rifes nor fets, i. e. a circumpolar Star, and obferve it's Altitude at the highest and loweft; and take the half of the Difference, and add to the leffer, or substract from the greater, and you have the Latitude.

7. THE Altitude of the Pole-Star, will be the Latitude of the Place, if taken when two Degrees feventeen Minutes from the North, eastward or weftward; but if it be at the higheft, fubftract two Degrees seventeen Minutes from it's Altitude; if at the loweft on the Meridian, add as much and you have the Latitude.

PROPOSITION X.

Places in the Equator bave no Latitude, both Poles being in their Horizon; if at the Pole, the Place is ninety Degrees Latitude, and the Equator is then in the Horizon; and Places between the Pole and the Equator, have a Latitude lefs than ninety.

THESE are fo plain as to need no Proof.

PROPOSITION XI.

If we are at Sea, or Land, and find our Latitude, we may fee on the Globe that Parallel of Latitude in which we are.

THIS is also plain.

СНАР.

CHA P. XXIV.

Of the Divifion of the Earth into Zones, and the Heavenly Appearances in thofe Zones.

PROPOSITION I.

There arifes from the annual or diurnal Motion of the Earth, a divifion of the Earth's Superficies into five Parts, which we call Zones.

OR feeing the Sun defcribes by it's Motion

Fo

a Line called the Ecliptic, which cuts the Equator in two oppofite Points, and makes a Declintaion of twenty three Degrees thirty Minutes; it must be sometimes nearer, and fometimes further from the Equator; and thus changes the Seafons, caufing Heat, Cold, Rain, Wind, in the Places it paffes over.

THE Superficies of the Earth between the two Tropics is called the Torrid Zone; and those between the Poles and the polar Circles are the two Frigid Zones; and those between the polar Circles and Tropics the two Temperate Zones, which make five Zones; that between the two Tropics, being but one, is the Torrid Zone.

PROPO

PROPOSITION II.

The Places whofe Latitude is lefs than twenty three Degrees thirty Minutes lie. in the Torrid Zone, and if just twenty three Degrees thirty Minutes, they are under the Tropics, or at the end of the Torrid Zone. Thofe that have a lefs Latitude than fixty fix Degrees thirty Minutes, and greater than twenty three Degrees thirty Minutes, are in the Temperate Zone. Thofe that are in the Latitude fixty fix Degrees thirty Minutes, are at the end of the Temperate Zone; and if, in a greater Latitude, they are in the Frigid Zone. Chap 23.

ALL this is manifest.

PROPOSITION III.

As in

The Equator paffes thro' the Isle of St Thomas in the great Bay of Africa, called the Ethiopic Sea; and thro' Ethiopia in the South Part of Africa; thro' the Indian Ocean; thro' the middle of Sumatra, or Taprobane, and the golden Cherfonefus, or Peninsula of Malacca, and other Iflands in the Indian Ocean; and thro' the Moluccas, thro' the Pacific Sea, and the beginning of the Province of Peru; thro' the Lake Parime; and thro' the Atlantic Ocean to the Ifle of St Thomas.

THE Equator divides the Torrid Zone into two equal Parts; which might be called two Torrid Zones; one North, the other South.

IN the Torrid Zone lie, 1. a great Part of Africa, Abaffia, the Indian Sea, a Part of Arabia, Camboia, India, and the Ifles of the Indian Sea, Java, Ceylon, Peru, Mexican-Spain, a great Part of the VOL II: € Atlantic

Atlantic Ocean, the Ifle of St Helena, Brazil, and New Guinea.

THE Tropic of Cancer paffes a little beyond Mount Atlas, in the western Shore of Africa, thro' the Borders of Libya, and other Places in the middle of Africa, and thro' Syene in Ethicpia, and goes over the Red Sea, and beyond Sinai and Mecca, the Mahometans Country, and Arabia the Happy, and then enters the Indian Sea, and touches the Bounds of Perfia, and goes thro' Cambaya, India, Camboia, or the Bounds of the Kingdom of Siam, 'till it comes to the Pacific Sea; and having paffed that, below the American Cherfonefus and California, it goes to the Kingdom of Mexico, and then to the Atlantic Ocean, and touches the Shores of the Ifle of Cuba, and then returns to the Weft Shore of Africa.

THE Tropic of Capricorn paffes thro' but a few Places of the Earth; moft part of it goes over the Sea; firft, thro' the South Part, or the Tongue of Africa, Monomotapa, Madagascar, in the Indian Ocean, New Guinea, the Pacific Ocean, PeruBrazil, and the Atlantic Ocean.

IN the North Temperate Zone are many Places almost all known and inhabited, viz. all Europe, Afia, (except the golden Cherfonefus, and the Ines in the Indian Sea) and a great part of North America, and of the Atlantic and Pacific Sea.

IN the South Temperate Zone are few Places, and thofe not all known, but chiefly there is Sea there, viz. a Part of South Africa, of Monomotapa, the Cape of Good-Hope, a great Part of the Magellanic, or South Land, a Part of Brazil, Chili, the Magellanic Streights, and a great Part of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Sea.

THE arctic polar Circle paffes almoft thro the middle of Iceland, the North Part of Nor way, thro' the North Ocean, Lapland, and the Ruffian

Ruffian Bay, Samoeids Country, Tartary, North America, and Greenland.

THE polar antarctic Circle paffes thro' the South, or Magellanic Land, of which we know nothing.

IN the North Frigid Zone are one half of Iceland, the North Part of Norway and Lapland, Finmarc, Samoeida, Nova Zembla, Greenland, Spitzberg, and fome northern Parts of America unknown.

IN the South Frigid Zone there is either Land or Sea, but we know not which. These are all fhown by the Globe or Maps, and are proved by the Tables of Latitude made by Obfervations.

PROPOSITIO N IV.

The Places under the Tropics have only the Sun once a Year in their Zenith, and thofe in the Torrid Zone twice in the Year, or two Days equally diftant from the longest Day; but thofe beyond the Tropics, and without the Torrid Zone, have never the Sun in their Zenith.

FOR the Sun, being in the first Degree of Cancer, goes thro' the Tropic of Cancer in the Heavens, under which the fame Tropic on the Earth lies; and therefore the Sun goes over them,. and the fame Way as to the Tropic of Capricorn; as will appear in the Globes and Maps.

BUT in the Torrid Zone the Sun comes twice over them in a Year. Bring any Place there to the brass Meridian, and applying a Pencil, defcribe a Circle parallel to the Equator; which will cut the Ecliptic in two Points equally diftant from the Tropics: and the Sun in thefe two Points will then be vertical to the given Place at Mid-day, and on no other Days.

C 2

AND