Macdonald, the French Commander-inchief, had retired to Servera with 6000 men, from whence he could not proceed without risking a battle with the Spaniards, and they were well prepared for the encounter. It was supposed, that the next object of the Patriots would be to relieve Tortosa, which was invested by 15,000 men, under Gen. Suchet. PORTUGAL.

Admiral Berkeley has been appointed Lord High Admiral of Portugal, by the Prince Regent.

A conspiracy has been discovered at Lisbon, the object of which was to overturn the Regency, and to give up the capital to the Enemy. The discovery was made to Lord Wellington, and the mails and letters were immediately stopped and opened. In consequence of the information contained in them, a number of persons of distinction were arrested, who were immediately to be sent off; some to Africa, others to England.

A convention having been concluded on the 6th July, between Portugal and the Dey of Algiers, by which a truce for two years was agreed upon, as also the ransom of 615 Portuguese, who have so long suffered in a cruel slavery, for the sum of 642,857 Spanish Hard Dollars, or 514,285,840 Reis; the Government, unable to raise so considerable a sum, has directed voluntary subscriptions to be opened for obtaining the same.

The Prince Regent of Portugal receives and deserves much commendation for his recent edict, abolishing the Inquisition,

[For an official account of the Battle of Busaco, on the 27th Sept. see the London Gazette Extraordinary, p. 369.]

Oporto, Oct. 9. Intelligence has just arrived here, that Col. Trant, with his division of militia, entered Coimbra on Sunday the 7th, at five in the evening, surprised the Enemy, and took 5000 prisoners. About 20 Portuguese were killed and wounded.

HOLLAND.

Letters from Holland of the 25th state, that the Dutch will be placed in the situation of the Papal territories, subject to the laws of France, but not identified with the Empire.

The demands of the public creditors in Holland are, under a Decree of Napoleon, to be discharged, by the creation of 24 millions of paper currency, under the name of " Bills of the Syndicat of Holland;" each bill to consist of 500 francs, and to be taken in payment for arrears of contributions, and for national domains.

FRANCE.

A French chemist has recently discovered, that from the starch of potatoes quite fresh, and washed but once, a fine

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forms masses of scoria, which dash against each other, and roll all on fire, with noise, to the foot of the mountain. Strong fumes of sulphuric acid gas arise in abundance from these scoria, and by their caustic and penetrating qualities render respiration difficult. We seemed to be pretty secure in this situation, and were far from thinking of retiring, when a frightful explosion, which launched into the air fragments of burning rocks to the distance of more than 100 taises, reminded us of the danger to which we were exposed. None of us hesitated a moment in embracing a retreat, and in five minutes we cleared in our descent a space of ground which we had taken two hours to climb.-We had not reached the hermitage before a noise frightful than ever was heard; and the Volcano, in all its fury, began to launch a mass equal to some thousand cartloads of stones, and fragments of burning rocks, with a projectile force which it would be difficult to calculate. the projection was vertical, almost the whole of this burning mass fell back again into the mouth of the Volcano, which vomited it forth anew to receive it. again, with the exception of some fragments which flew off, to fall at a distance, and alarm the inquisitive speetator, who avoided them, as on public fêtes we avoid the handle of the rockets, in our fire-works. The 13th commenced with nearly the same appearances as, those of the preceding day. The Volcano was tranquil, and the lava ran slowly in the channels which it had formed during the night; but at four in the afternoon, a frightful and continued noise, accompanied with frequent explosions, announced a new eruption; the shocks of the Volcano were so violent, that at Fort de L'Œuf, built upon a rock, where I then was, at the distance of near four leagues, I felt oscillations similar to those produced by an earthquake. At 5 o'clock the eruption commenced, and continued during greater part of the night. This time the burning matter flowed down all the sides of the mountain, with a force hitherto unprecedented; all Vesuvius was on fire, and the lava has caused the greatest losses; houses and whole estates have been overwhelmed, and at this day families in tears and reduced to despair search in vain for the inheritance of their ancestors, buried under the destroying. lava. At 10 at night, the hermitage was no longer acessible; a river of fire had obstructed the road. The districts situated on the South-East quarter of the mountain had still more to suffer. Mount Vesuvius was no longer any

thing but one vast flame, and the seaman at a great distance might contemplate, at his leisure, this terrific illumination of nature," &c.

The scarcity of oil at Venice in 1807, occasioned by the destruction of olivetrees during the war, led to the introduction in that State of the Chinese radish; which, we understand, has of late been very successfully cultivated there. The oil is said to be superior to that already known, not merely for the table, but for producing light and many medical purposes, particularly in pulmonary and rheumatic affections, and also in pleurisies and convulsive coughs. The practicability of a similar cultivation here, is well worth the attention of the naturalist.

His Sicilian Majesty has instituted a Third Class of the Order of Ferdinand and Merit, and has caused it to be intimated to Sir J. Stuart, with a request, that he will particularize all the individuals of the British army who may distinguish themselves againt the enemy. A

similar communication was made to the Admiral commanding the British Naval Forces upon the station.

Intelligence has been received of Lucien Buonaparte's arrival at Malta. He left Rome about the beginning of August with his wife, children, and several relations, embarked at Civita Vecchia, on board an American vessel, and had a quick passage from thence to Sardinia, where he remained eight or nine days off Cagliari, without being permitted to Jand; and being found there by the Pomone frigate, Capt. Barrie, was conveyed to Malta, where he now is. Gen. Oakes the Governor, on Lucien's landing, ordered him and his family to be lodged in Fort Ricosoli, with a view of afterwards accommodating them at the Government Palace in the country. The General had notified to Lucien his determination of treating him and his family with every attention; but that until instructions were received from England, he must consider him as a prisoner of war. The reasons assigned by Lucien Bonaparte for thus claiming British protection are, that his brother, Napoleon, who is desirous that all his relations should form matrimonial alliances with the Old Royal Families of Europe, sent him peremptory orders to divorce his present wife, as he had selected another for him of a rank more suited to the dignity of the Imperial Family, and to take upon himself the government and title of King of Rome and threatening him with imprisonment in case of disobedience. His daughter, who is about 15 years of age, was also to be adopted by Napoleon, and married to

Ferdinand VII. of Spain. We remember that the young lady was some time at Paris; and the enigmatical expression in Ferdinand's letter on the discovery of Baron Kolli's piot, of his being worthy the adoption of the Emperor, &c. is easily explained by reference to this event. Lucien, however, no: choosing to repudiate his wife, and bastardize his children, and thinking perhaps that lofty fortunes were not the most secure, determined upon withdrawing from the lawless and unprincipled tyranny of his own brother. He embarked at Leghorn, with his wife, and seven children. It is said that he amassed immense wealth during his embassy to Spain, and that he received a douceur of 280,0001. for negotiating the peace with Portugal. The portable property which he has brought, however, does not, it is said, exceed 100,0001. The tyranny and wickedness of Buonaparte's disposition are sufficiently exemplified by the conduct which his nearest relatives pursue. Poor Louis found the Crown, or rather yoke, which his brother placed upon his head, an insupportable burden, and preferred abdicating and retiring into private life; and Lucien, to whom the despot owes his life, thinks it safer to trust every thing that is dear to him to the generosity of the British character, than by stopping to encounter the rage (and perhaps the Bastiiles) of his brother.

Lucien Buonaparte is, we hear, to be allowed to continue his voyage to America, and that orders have been sent from the Admiralty to afford him the necessary convoy thither.

GERMANY,

The Emperor of Austria is at present occupied with the reduction of his military establishment; a measure rendered necessary by the embarrassed state of his finances. The Officers receive twothirds of their pay in paper; not however at its nominal but at its current value.

The court of Vienna has imposed a duty of 10 per cent. on income derived from capital, for the liquidation of the public debt and the reduction of the pa

per money.

A dreadful fire broke out in the town of Buda, in Hungary, on the 5th ult. Upwards of 400 houses were burned, and 80 persons lost their lives by this horrible accident. The loss which the public treasury has sustained by destruction of magazines is computed at five millions of florins.

A Bavarian engineer has discovered a method of constructing wooden-bridges, which, in point of strength and solidity, promise a duration of several centuries. They are likewise remarkable for the elegance of their form, and the width of

their arches. One has been thrown over the River Roth consisting of a single arch, two hundred feet wide. Another has been made for a large city, two hundred and eighty-six feet wide. The arches may be so constructed, as to admit of ships of war or merchant-vessels passing through them; an aperture being made in the centre, which can be opened and shut at pleasure. The bridges may, if necessary to stop the progress of an enemy, be taken to pieces in two days.

The King of Prussia, according to private letters, oppressed by the humiliating state of dependence to which he was reduced, had actually proposed to Napoleon to resign his Crown; but to which measure, it is said, the French Ruler was not prepared to accede.

Berlin, Sept. ! It is observed, that suleide was never so frequent in this torn as at present. Some time ago a Jew bill-broker, frightened by the bad state of his. affairs, killed himself. Previous to this, two of his brothers had destroyed themselves. These unhappy men chose this species of death which the Jews commonly hold in the greatest horror: one drowned himself, another threw himself out of a three pair of stairs window, and the third shot himself with a pistol.

Berlin, Sept. 8. The remains of our late Queen were, according to her own request, interred in the garden of the chateau of Charlottenburg, where a splendid mausoleum is constructing.

Klagenfurt, Sept. 4. According to accounts from Illyrian Karnten a terrible rain-spout descended on the nights of the 27th and 28th of August, at Hermajor and its vicinity, threatening destruction to the whole village. The water flowed into the market-place and its neighbourhood so high, as to penetrate the windows of the first floors. More than 50 persons were hurried away by the torrent; many of whom were alive, and called piteously for assistance, which no one could afford. All the bridges, and twelve houses, were washed away, and a great quantity of cattle perished in the fields.

SWEDEN.

Bernadotte was expected at Orebro on the 20th of this month. One of the conditions of his succession was that before he arrived on Swedish ground, he should adopt the tenets of the Swedish Church (Lutheran). The Clergy applied for leave to send a deputation to be present at this subscription; but were refused. The story of his carrying with him to Sweden an aid of eight millions of dollars, having answered the purpose GENT. MAG. October, 1810.

of its fabrication, has been contradicted. The present King, it is supposed, will resign the throne to Bernadotte on his arrival; alleging his age and increasing infirmities as the motives of his abdication.

A Gentleman has recently arrived in town, who was in company with the late King of Sweden when he attempted to effect his escape to the British fleet. Gustavus met with this Gentleman on the beach at Pillau, and, after somet conversation, inquired if he were an Englishman?, which question being answered in the affirmative, Gustavus, after paying some compliments to the British Nation, said, "I will trust you without further inquiry; I am Gustavus Adolphus, procure me a boat, and I will proceed with you to your ships." The Gentleman lost not a noment: he obtained a boat with four oars, the King leaped into it, and they were pushing off, when the guard suddenly appeared, and declared, pointing their firelocks, that the crew were dead men if they moved an oar. The King instantly relanded; and the commanding officer, with a trembling hand, presented to his Majesty the orders under which he acted. The King at first assumed a lofty tone, but was soon softened by the modest deportment of the officer, who added, "You may return to Germany, or you may pass onward to Russia; but our in: structions are, that you shall not go to Sweden, or enter on-board the English fleet."

POLAND.

Buonaparte's intentions of creating Poland into a Kingdom, once more, are thus announced in an article from War saw, of the 6th ult. The hint is too palpable to be mistaken. "A glorious and splendid destiny awaits dur happy country. His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, our great protector, whose genius and talents have given safety and tranquillity to many Kingdoms of Europe, will, we are assured, soon deign to make known his beneficent intentions in our favour." Berthier is mentioned as likely to be the new Monarch. RUSSIA.

The finances of Russia are in the most deplorable state, and unfit her for the struggle to which the ambition of France will shortly call her. The Government paper is at present at a discount of near, ly three hundred per cent.; and the resources of the Empire are so exhausted, that they are expected to sink still lower.

An official report of the Russian army on the Danube states, that on the 6th of Sept. the Russians attacked the Turk

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AMERICA.

Gen. Christophe has ordered, that from the 30th July the city of Cape Francois shall be called the city of Cape Henry.

By a Letter from New South Wales of the 24th of February, it appears, that the natives of Taheite (one of the Society Isles), had risen in open rebellion against Pomiarre, their King; whom, after having defeated in several engagements, they had driven to Pare. To supply their deficiency of powder, the rebels seized the Venns from Port Jackson, killed the first mate, and made the crew prisoners. The latter were, however, subsequently ransomed by Capt. Campbell, of the Harrington, which vessel had re-captured the Venus. The distracted state of the Island, with the litthe probability of Pomarre ever recovering his authority, induced the Missionaries (Messrs. Davis, Tessier, and Wardner), with the brethren and their families, to return to Port Jackson, where they landed on the 17th February.

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The Sydney Gazette contains most distressing account of a flood at Hawkesbury, which laid the whole of that extensive and flourishing settlement under water, and swept away, with indiscriminating fury, inhabitants, cattle, grain, and produce of every description.