tion to this fact, will be found to afford some views of the medical profession which are in direct opposition to the opinions most generally received. The department of pharmacy has never, that I know of, been regularly legitimatised in Scotland, having never grown into so much importance there as to have acquired a separate constitution.-But in England and Ireland pharmacy has been placed under the superintendance of distinct corporations, and principally by reason of the importance attached to this body in consequence of their having insensibly become elevated to the rank of medical practitioners. It does not appear, however, that their chartered rights extend beyond the department of pharmacy, nor have they heretofore so far presumed on their popularity, as to make any attempts at legalising their medical or surgical practice. An endeavour of this kind, however, seems to forin a very pro minent feature of their intendea bill: and it is evident that they now entertain vey sanguine hopes of being able, by making common canse with the surgeon-apothe caries, to establish themselves in the possession of certain lega! rights which neither physic nor surgery have ever enjoyed. The remaining medical practitioners may be disposed of by a brief notice; they are The Apothecaries-not attached to any corporation, but nevertheless largely engaged in the practice both of physic and surgery. The Druggists-dispensing medicines, and also prescribing; and, finally, The Grocers-first commencing by selling drugs by retail, next dispensing prescriptions, then practising the minor operations of surgery, and also prescribing; and, finally, retiring from business with an independence acquired in the course of a very few years, and not unfrequently aspiring to the elevation of a medical degree. KOTZEBUE is now attached as Bulletin and Proclamation writer to the Crown Prince of Sweden, and the dramatic and poetical talents of the writer appear in all those documents. Among other pleasantries he lately called the war, the Sugar and Coffee wor; but his antagonists retort, that it is a Mecklenburgh and Hanoverian war. History will decide between them; this only is at present certain, that it is a murderous and desolating war! The Rev. C. BUCK has in the press a work entitled, The Practical Expositor, or Scripture illustrated by Facts, arranged for every day in the year. Memoirs of Goldoni, the celebrated Italian dramatist, written by himself, are announced in French and English. A work of Musical Biography, or MeMONTHLY MAG. No. 247. moirs of the Lives and Writings of the most eminent Musical Composers who have flourished during the three last centuries, is in preparation. A new novel is expected from the pen of Mrs. HERVEY, entitled, Amabel, or Memoirs of a Woman of Fashion. An Italian Class Book, consisting of extracts from the most eminent Italian writers, in prose and verse, is announced by M. SANTAGNELLO. Mr. JAMES WATHEN, of Hereford, a gentleman well known to the admirers of the fine arts, is preparing for the press, in 1 vol. 4to. a Journal of his Voyage in the Hope, from Gravesend, by the route of Madeira and the Cape of Good Hope, to Prince of Madras, Pulo-Penang, or Wales's Island, Malacca, Macao, and Canton, in the years 1811 and 1812, introductory to, and descriptive of, a series of singular and interesting views in India and China. Mr. W.'s excursion from Madras to the grand Pagoda of Vishuou, at Conjeveram, (from the summit of which some of the views were taken,) and his walks and adventures in Pulo-Penang, Malacca, Macao, and Canton, will, it is said, be found highly interesting and entertaining. A Complete General Analytical Index to the anonymous essays published under the title of the Edinburgh Review, from October 1802 to November 1812, is an nounced; comprehending, in one alphabetical series, distinct references to the names of authors reviewed, titles of books reviewed, authorities cited or quoted, public questions discussed, and all inci dental matter. An Historical Sketch of the Art of Ca ricaturing, with numerous engravings, is announced, by J. P. Malcolm, F.S.A. author of Londinium Redivivum. This publication will treat of the works of the Greeks in their masks and lamps; of the Saxons in their grotesque sculpture; those of their British successors in the illuminations of MSS.; of the first dawning of the art on wood and copper, and thence tracing it, by accurate descriptions of scarce prints, to the present time. A work on the Principles of Christian Philosophy, is announced, in 1 volume. The Americans are great readers of newspapers: four years ago there were not less than 551 newspapers published in the Republic. Of these, were printed in New Hampshire 12-Ma-sachusetts 32-Rhode Island 7-Connecticut 11Vermont 10-New York 66-New Jersey 8-Pennsylvania 71—Delaware 2Maryland 2 Y Maryland 21-Columbia 4-Virginia 23 -North Carolina 10-South Carolina 10-Georgia 17-Kentucky 16-Tennessee 6-Ohio 14-Inginia 1-Missis sippi 4-Orleans 10-and Louisiana 1. Before the revolution only 9 papers were published, so that 342 have since been added. Of these 25 are issued daily; 16 three a-week; 23 twice a week; 278 weekly. Eight of them are in the German language, five in the French, and two in the Spanish. In 1810, 157 were called Federal, 158 Democratic, and the rest Neutral. Mr. LESLIE has ascertained by experiment that 100 grains of the following bodies in like circumstances absorb the following quantity of moisture from the atmosphere: 7 grains 14 16 18 28 He has also ascertained, that when his hygrometer is inclosed in a glass vessel with the following earthy substances, it indicates the following degrees of dry ness at the temperature of 60° of Fah Carbonate of barytes. Carbonate of strontian ..70 32 23 sense, forms the principal grounds of or ganic difference, between irrational and rational animals-between brutes and the human species. Dr. RICHARD SAUMAREZ lately delivered the Annual Oration of the Medical Society of London, in which he divides the material world into living matter, dead matter, and common matter; each of these classes being governed aud impelled by laws distinct and peculiar, dependent on the class to which it belongs. The distinguishing characteristic between animals and vegetables he describes as consisting in the existence of a nervous system, peculiar to some, connected for the most part with a ganglion, spinal marrow, or brain. Although, in the zoophytes, and that large and intermediate class of beings, which connect the vegetable with the animal kingdom, there is a structure of a nervous appearance, which is expanded over the whole surface of the body, the existence of a brain, as a distinct organ, is not to be discerned. Whilst the existence of a nervous system appears to form the true mark of distinction between vegetables and animal, so the magnitude of the brain, with relation to the organs of M. MONTABERT, in conclusion of a long dissertation on the Paintings of the Middle Ages, infers, that they are the records of the precious doctrines of ancient art; that they are not vitiated, and that they ought not to be confounded with some barbarous and mannered works painted during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the north of Europe; that they have formed our greatest painters; and that those only have a right to neglect them, who have attained the climax of the best models of antiquity:in a word, that artists ought to observe and study them without intermission, and as casy versions, calculated to explain the secret idioms of a language which is of mest difficult attainment. Many artists and foreigners, lovers of the fine arts, having obtained permission to search in the temple of Apollo, situated in Mount Cotylius, in Arcadia, they have discovered the complete frieze of the interior of the temple, composed of reliefs in marble, with nearly 100 figures, each more than two feet in height, and very little injured. FRANCE. Seeds of 350 species of plants kept above 45 years, were lately sown in the Botanic Garden at Paris, and 10 of them produced healthy specimens. M. GAY LUSSAC has lately analyzed and re-constructed the rockets of Congreve. In 100 parts he found nitre 75, charcoal 16, and sulphur 23.4. The case was of grey paper, and covered at the extremity with oil paint. His new rockets burnt like the English rockets. M. DEGEN took an aerial flight in Paris on the 15th of August. He ascended in a balloon about three in the afternoon, from a platform raised on the middle of the Seine, between the Bridge of Concord and the Bridge Royal. Assisted by his wings, he moved horizontally from the platform to the Bridge Royal, when he rose nearly perpendicular to the height of 5,400 feet, following the direction of the Seine through Paris, lest be should experience any accident, and was successful in guiding the balloon by means of his wings against the wind, which was very strong. Throughout he evinced At six much coolness and courage. o'clock he descended in the plain of St. Maude; at eight he returned to Paris. ALPHABETICAL ALPHABETICAL LIST of BANKRUPTCIES and DIVIDENDS, announced between the 17th of September and the 16th of October, extracted from the London Gazettes. N. B.-In Bankruptcies in and near London, the Attornis are to be understood to reside in London, and in Country Bankruptcies at the Residence of the Bankrupt, except other. wise expressed. man Carpenter W. Fleet Atreet. pastry cook. (Devey Dobfon J. Scarborough, York, insholder. (Sykes and Dibbs J. jun. Dorfet freet, Portman fquare, plumber. Dunman J. Aldgate High freet, grocer. (Amory Edington J. Gracechurch street, tationer. (Palmer (Cup (Baddeley Brentnall A. and W. Crofs, Derby Cutier A. Water lave, Tower freet Collins K. Union Court, Broad freet Cack J Broad treet, Weftminder Dawfon T. and w. Powling, Aldgate Dickinson W. Coventry Dewar R. C. Great Winchester areet Dufunc C. and J. Penny, Nottingham Deaton R. Eat Cheap Du Bois J. Brixton Fangon H. Trimfaran, Carmarthen DIVIDENDS. Fenton R. jun. Hanley Garner T. Dudley. Wo ceter Hampton T. and E. Hooper, Rhayader Hearn T. Cement's lane Hoad G. H. Fareham, Southampton Horg J. Southwark Jones J hearbinder lane, London Knight M. Profpect place M Alefter J. Poplar Niblock J and G Burgefs, Bristol Newham M. Falkingham Oakley W. and co. Church fireet, Pinder J. Cudworth, York Parke J. and P. F. Manchester Potter W. jun. Nottingham Pybus S. and J. Ward, Woolwich Reynolds W. Chipping Ongar, Effex Simpf on T. and co. Stokesley Smeeton G. St. Martin's lane Smith H. Burnley, Lancaster Salter T. Ottery St. Mary, Devon Slych S. fen. and jan. Southinolton freet Strack W Pancras lane Smith J. and J. Birmingham Woolcombe W. fen. and fun. Notting hani Williamfon W. Watling frees Wells W. Bradford, York Wood J. Sible edingham Effex Wenfley J. Worcester Wile H Mitre court, Aldgate Yeates M. L. Exinouth, Devon, and STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN OCTOBER. FRANCE. ER Majesty the Empress Queen and inteligence from the army, dated the 7th of Sept.: The Duke of Reggio, with the 12th, 7th, and 4th corps, marched on the 23d of August upon Berlin. He ordered the village of Trebbin, defended by the enemy's army, to be attacked, and forced it; he continued his movement. On the 24th of August, the 7th corps not having succeeded in the battle of GrossBeeren, the Duke of Reggio marched upon Wittemberg. On the 3d of Sept. the Prince of Moskwa took the command of the army, and marched upon Insterburg. On the 5th he attacked and defeated General Tanentzien; but on the 6th he was attacked on his march by General Bulow. Some charges of cavalry on his rear threw disorder among his parks. He was obliged to retire upon Torgau. He lost 8000 men killed, wounded, or prisoners, and 12 pieces of cannon. The enemy's loss must also have been very great. Report from the Prince of Moskwa to the Emperor, relative to the battle of Julerbock, dated Torgau, Sept. 7. The 12th corps d'armee attacked the enemy on the 5th, and drove him with great vigour beyond Seyda: we took three flags, several pieces of cannon, and some hundreds of Prussian prisoners; the field of battle was covered with the enemy's dead. The following day, the 6th, the 4th corps debouched at eight in the morning by Neuendorf and Juterbock: the enemy held the heights in the rear of Dennewitz. The 7th corps marched upon Rohrbeck, and the 12th upon Obna: I thus refused my left, and was in a condition to support the 4th corps, which, in place of attacking, was to turn Juterbock by its right, to mask the movement which I wished to make upon Dahma, and upon which I had determined by the certainty that the whole of the enemy's army was debouching in great haste upon Dennewitz. The enemy's advanced guard was overthrown by General Morand's division, which performed prodigies of vaJour. General Lorge's division of light cavalry indiscreetly engaged (mul engagée,) and falling back in disorder, caused some confusion, which the good countenance of the infantry soon corrected. The enemy being rapidly reinforced, the whole of the 4th corps found itself engaged. The 7th, which had been expected, at last arrived; and I ordered General Regnier to briskly charge the enemy's right, whilst General Morand should renew his attack. This ge neral charge had success; the enemy had just lost much ground. Durutte's division conducted itself well: sixty pieces of artillery fired grape-shot upon the ency's troops, who were in disorder in the hollow ground, between Golsdorf and Wilmersdorf; in short, the 12th corps, which entered briskly into action, drove the ene my's right upon his centre, separated from the battle was gained; but two divisions of his left by the 4th corps. At this moment the 7th corps failed, and the whole of that corps suddenly failing back, carrying part of the 12th with it, changed the state of things. The enemy succeeded in throwing his masses between the 4th and 12th corps, which still fought with the greatest fory. I insensibly brought the 4th from the right of placed upon the heights between the Ohna the 12th. The artillery, from the position and Dennewitz, filed the interval; and I then ordered a retreat. The 4th corps effected it in good order upon Dalima, and This morning the enemy, in number from the 7th and 1215 marched upon Schweinitz. three to four thousand infantry, with cannon, and 120 horse, coming from Luckau, vehemently attacked Dalima. The 23d regiment of the line marched against him, and forced him to precipitately retire. The bridge of Herzberg, upon the Elbe, has been burnt. We have preserved two others, one above and one below that town. To morrow, the 4th corps, with a division of light cavalry, will proceed from Herzberg to Torgau. The 7th and 12th corps, and two other divisions of cavalry, will ocsuffered yesterday is about 8,000 men, aud cupy positions upon Torgau. The loss twelve pieces of cannon: that of the enemy must have been as considerable, the artillery of the different corps having consumed many prisoners in our power, but they esa great part of their ammunition. We had caped during the night march. Sept. 11. The enemy's grand army, beaten at Dresden, took refuge in Bohemia. Ipformed that the Emperor had gone to Silesia, the allies assembled a corps of 80,000 men, composed of Russians, Prussians, and Austrians, and on the 5th marched upon Hottendorf, the 6th upon Gieshubel, and the 7th on Pirna. On the 9th the French army marched upon Borna and Furstenwalde. The Emperor's head-quarters were at Leibstadt. On the 10th, Marshal St. Cyr marched from the village of Furstenwalde upon the Geyersberg, which commands the Bohemian plain. General Bonnet, with the 43rd division, descended into the plain near Toplitz. The enemy's army, which endeavoured to rally, after having called all its detachments from Saxony, was seen. If the debouch from the Gayersberg had been practicable for artillery, that army would have been attacked in flank during its march; but all the efforts madle to get the cannon down were ineffectual. General Ornano debouched upon the heights of Peterswalde, whilst General Dumonceau arrived here by Hollendorf We have made some hundreds of prisoners, of which several are officers. The enemy constantly avoided battle, and precipitately retired in all directions. On the 11th the Emperor returned to Dresden. Sept. 13. The Emperor's head quarters were at Dresden. The Duke of Tarente, with the 5th, 11th, and 3d corps, was placed upon the left bank of the Spree. Prace Poniatowski, with the 8th corps, was at Stolpen. All these forces were thus concentrated upon the right bank of the Elbe, within a day's march of Dresden. Count de Lohau, with the 1st corps, was at Nollendorf, in advance of Peterswalde, the Duke of Treviso at Pirna, Marshall St. Cyr upon the heights of Borna, occupying the debouches from Fuestenwalde and the Geyersberg; the Duke of Bellune was at Altenberg. The Prince of Moskwa was at Torgau, with the 4th, 7th, and 12th corps. The Duke of Ragusa and the King of Naples, with General Latour Manbourg's cavalry, were marching upon Grossen Havn. The Prince of Eckmuhl was at Ratzbourg. The enemy's army of Silesia was upon the right of the Spree. That of Bohemia, the Russians and Prussians, in the plain of Toplitz, and an Austrian corps at Marienbourg. The enemy's army of Berlin was at Juterboch. The French General Margaron, with a corps of observation, occupied Leipsic. The Castle of Sommenstein, above Pirna, had been occupied, forttied, and armed, His Majesty had given the command of Torgau to Count de Narbonne. The four regiments of Guards of Honour were attached; the first to the mounted chasseurs of the guard; the second to the dragoons; the third to the horse-grenadiers; and the fourth to the 1st regiment of lancers. Those regiments of the guards will furnish them with instructors, and whenever they march to battle, be joined to old soldiers, by whom they will be guided, and whose skeletons they will reinforce. A squadron of each regiment of Guard of Honour will always perform duty about the Emperor, with a squadion furnished by each regiment of the guards, which will carry to eight the number of squadrons on duty. Sept. 17. On the 14th, the enemy debouched from Toplitz upon Nollendorf, to turn Dumonceau's division which was upon the height. This division retired in good order upon Gushabe!, where Count de Lobau collected his corps. The enemy having wished to attack the camp at Gushabel, was repulsed, and lost many men. On the 15th the Emperor left Dres den, and marched to the camp at Pirna; he directed General Monton Duvernet, commanding the 42d division, by the vil lages of Langenhenersdorf and Bera, thus turning the enemy's right. At the same time Count de Lobau attacked him in front; the enemy was lepée dans les reins all the remainder of the day. On the 16th he still occupied the heights beyond Peterswalde; at noon we began to pursue him, and he was dislodged from his position. General Ornano made, some fine charges with the division of the cavalry of the guard, and Prince Pomatowski's brigade of Polish light horse. The. enemy was followed and driven in the greatest disorder into Bohemia. He made his retreat with so much activity, that we were only able to take some prisoners from him, among whom was General Blucher, commander of the advanced guard, and son of the Prussian General in Chiet, Blucher. Our loss was trifling. On the 16th the Emperor slept at Peterswalde, and on the 17th he returned to Pirna. Thelmann, a general who deserted from the Saxon service, with a corps of partizans and deserters, has marched upon Saal. An Austrian colonel has also, as a partizan, marched upon Colditz. Generals Margaron, Lefevre, Desnonlles, and Pere, have gone with columns of infantry and cavalty in pursuit of those parties, hoping to give a good account of them. September 19. On the 17th at two o'clock in the afternoon, the Emperor mounted on horseback, and instead of going to Pirna, proceeded to the advanced posts. Perceiving that the enemy had prepared a great quantity of fascines to defend the descent from the mountain, his Majesty ordered him to be attacked by General Duvernet, who, with the 42d division, seized upon the village of Arbesan, and drove the enemy into the plain of Toplitz. He was charged |
