and Swail, a castle of the Moors. At the foot of the mountain of Jubaltaria are two fine cities, one of which is called Alentia, and the other Jubalar.

68

Next to these comes the city of Magga; and after the fleet of the king of England had passed the above-named cities of Spain, it next passed the city of Salamame, and then Vilages, a large city enclosed with a wall, in the circuit of which there are one hundred and sixty towers of stone. It next passed a great and lofty mountain, which is called the Cape of Melich, and then a castle called Munaca." 69 It next passed a noble city which is called Almeria, where the valuable and fine silk is manufactured, which is called silk of Almeria; and then a great and lofty mountain that extends into the sea, and is called Cape Almeria. It then passed Carthagena, a fine city, situate on the sea-shore; next after which came Penisecle, a fine and handsome castle. The fleet then passed a sandy piece of land projecting into the sea, called Alascerat; 70 after which came a piece of land projecting into the sea, which is called Cape Martin. It next came before a large city which is called Denia, and then before the port of Valentia. It deserves to be known that Valentia is a fine city, distant seven miles from the entrance to its harbour. It then passed the castle of Baiane, and then the castle of Peniscola on the sea-shore, which is the last castle belonging to the pagans in Spain on this side of the sea.

They then passed a great and lofty mountain projecting into the sea, which is called Muncian; this mountain divides the territories of the pagans from those of the Christians, and here begins the territory of the king of Arragon. Near this mountain, among the mountains, and at a distance from the sea, is situate a fine city, the name of which is Cervera; and at the foot of the same mountain, on the sea-shore, stands a castle, which is called Amposta, in the territory of the kingdom of Arragon, and occupied by the Hospitallers. Here also is a great river of fresh water, which has the name of Ebro, and a noble city called Tortosa; which stands upon that river, and is distant from the entrance to the harbour thirty miles.

After this, they passed a populous city on the sea-shore, called Taragutia," the see of an archbishop, and near it a great mountain extending into the sea, called Cape Salut, beneath which mountain lies a good harbour. They next came before a 67 Probably Malaga. 68 Perhaps the place now called Salobrena. 69 Now Almumecar. 70 Probably Alicant. 71 Tarragona.

great episcopal city, situate on the sea-shore, the name of which is Barcelona. They then passed a castle situate on the seashore, called San Felice, where there is a good harbour. They next passed the territory of count Ponce, opposite a fine city, the name of which is Ampurias, where there is a good harbour. They then passed a great mountain projecting into the sea, which is called Cape Castiglione, where there is a good harbour, called Port Castiglione, and as you go up the river, there is a castle called Castiglione. They next passed a harbour, fine and large, the name of which is Cadakis, and then a great mountain extending into the sea, which is called Cape de Creus, at the foot of which there is a good harbour. They then passed a fine castle situate on the sea-shore, which is called Cockeliure,72 where there is a good harbour called Port Vendres.

They next passed some sand-banks extending into the sea, called Cape Leucare, which make a conspicuous landmark, on which, near the sea-shore, is a fine episcopal city, the name of which is Narbonne, and a monastery, called Saint Mary de Mer. They thenpassed a projection of the land into the sea, which is called Brescou; after which they came to the territory of the count de Agde, passing a fine city situate on the sea-shore, the name of which is Agde. They then passed near Villeneuve, the episcopal see of Magalona, near which is the port of Montpellier, the name of which is Lates. They next passed an island called Odur, which lies at the mouth of the Rhone, going up which river you come to a fine archiepiscopal city, which is called Arles-le-Blanc; and still higher up the same river, you come near to Saint Gilles, and still higher again, you come to the fine city which is called Lyons sur Rhone.

They then came to Marseilles, which is twenty miles distant from the mouth of the Rhone, and is a city subject to the king of Arragon. Here were the relics of Saint Lazarus, the brother of Saint Mary Magdalene and of Martha, who held the bishopric of this place, after Jesus had raised him from the dead. In this city there is a fine harbour, able to contain many ships of a large size, almost shut in by high hills, and on one side of it rises the episcopal city; opposite to which, on the other side of the harbour, is the abbey of Saint Victor, in which a hundred black monks serve God; and here, 72 Now Collioure.

as they say, are the hundred and forty bodies of the Innocents who were slain for Christ, as also the relics of Saint Victor and his companions, the rods with which our Lord was scourged, the jaw-bone of Saint Lazarus, and one of the ribs of Saint Laurence the Martyr. Between Marseilles and this abbey, not far from the high road, is a monastery, in which is kept the arm of Saint Margaret the Virgin; and near the abbey of Saint Victor are two lofty hills, one of which is called Mount Roland, and the other Mount Hospinel.

It is worthy of remark, that from Marseilles to Acre is only fifteen days' and nights' sail, 73 with a fair wind; but in such case you must go straight through the main sea, so that after the hills of Marseilles are lost out of sight, land will not be seen either on the right hand or on the left, if you keep straight onward in your course, until the land of Syria is seen; and if on the right side of the ship any land should chance to be seen, it is the territory of the pagans, while if land should be seen on the left side of the ship, it is the territory of the Christians. It is also as well to be known, that there are many islands belonging to the Saracens between the Straits of Africa and Marseilles, one of which is called Majorc,75 and another Eniuce,76 both of which are tributary to the king of Arragon, the island of Majore paying him a yearly tribute of three hundred silken cloths of Almeria, while the island of Eniuce pays him a yearly tribute of two hundred silken cloths of like quality.

The Division of the Kingdoms on the sea-coast.

In the first place, it ought to be known that the whole land extending along the sea-shore from England to Spain, namely, Normandy, Brittany, and Poitou, belongs to the dominions of the king of England; and this extends as far as the port which is called Huartz,77 which divides the territories of the count of Bayonne from those of the king of Navarre. The territories of the king of Navarre begin at the port of Huartz, and extend to the river which is called Castre, and which divides the territories of the king of Navarre from those of the king of Castille. The territories of the king of Castille begin from the river Castre, and extend as far as the mountains of Sora, which 73"Scinglaturæ ad bonum ventum :" qy. whether this word may not be a misprint for some such word as "schiplaturæ." 76 Probably Iviza. 77 Qy. Ustaritz.

75 Majorca.

divide the territories of the king of Castille from those of the king of Saint Jago. The territories of the king of Saint Jago begin from the mountains of Sora and extend to the river Mina,78 which divides the territories of the king of Saint Jago from those of the king of Portugal; while the territories of the king of Portugal begin at the river Mina, and extend beyond the city of Silva.

80

After you come to the city of Silva, the land of the pagans begins, along the sea-coast of Spain, and subject to the dominion of the emperor of Africa, which extends as far as the great mountain known by the name of Muncian. In Saracenic Spain there are four powerful kings: one of whom is called the king of Cordres, or Corduba," respecting which Lucan says, "Corduba was my birth-place, Nero caused my death; the wars I sang which the father 80* and the son-in-law rivals, did wage." A second is called the king of Gant; 81 while the third is styled the king of Murcia, and the fourth is the king of Valentia, whose territories extend as far as the mountain called Muncian. This mountain divides the land of the Pagans from the land of the Christians, that is to say, from the territories of the king of Arragon; and the territories of the king of Arragon begin at this mountain called Muncian, and extend beyond the city of Nice.

At the city of Nice begin the territories of the emperor of the Romans, in which there is a fine city called Vintimiglia; from this the territory of the emperor extends along the seashore as far as Gaeta, in Apulia, the territory of the king of Sicily. This land is also called the principality of Capua. It also deserves to be mentioned that midway between Marseilles and Sicily there are two large islands; Sardena 2 is the name of the larger one, while the other is called Corzege.83 There are also many islands round Sicily, some of which are burning islands.84 In this sea, in the neighbourhood of Sardena and Corzege, are fish, resembling cuttle-fish, which, coming forth from the sea, fly in the air, and when they have flown about the distance of a furlong 85 they descend again to the sea; there are also many falcons there flying after these fish, and pur

78 Minho.

80

79 Cordova. Corduba me genuit; rapuit Nero, prælia dixi, Quæ gessere pares, hinc socer, inde gener."

The name of Lucan is omitted by an oversight in the note to p. vi of the Preface to Vol. I. 80* Cæsar and Pompey. 81 Probably Jaen. 84 The Lipari islands.

82 Sardinia.

83 Corsica.

85 A" stadium," in the text, which is rather more.

suing them, in order to feed upon them. A person who has seen this has borne witness to the same, and his testimony is true, for he himself was sitting at table in a ship high out of the water, when one of these flying fish fell on the table before him. It is also worthy of remark that one of the islands in the vicinity of Sicily, which is larger than the rest, is called Mount Gebel,87 and used to burn with such an intense heat that it dried up a great part of the sea in its vicinity and burned the fish; but it has now for some time ceased to burn, through the merits and prayers of Saint Agatha the Virgin and Martyr. For one day, when the fire was coming forth from the crater of Mount Gebel more furiously than usual, and had approached the city of Cattanna, where rests the holy body of Saint Agatha, a multitude of the pagans, flying to her sepulchre, carried her veil before them facing the fire; on which the flames returned to the sea, and, parching it, dried it up for nearly a mile, and scorched the fish, many of which were half burnt, and there are to this day many fish there of the same kind, which are called the fish of Saint Agatha. If any of these fish happen to be taken by a fisherman, they are immediately let go, out of respect to Saint Agatha, and to the praise and glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, who is always wonderful and glorious in His saints.

Accordingly, Robert de Sabul, Richard de Camville, and William de Fortz de Oleron, passing with the fleet of Richard, king of England, between Africa and Spain, after many tempests which they suffered on the voyage, arrived at Marseilles on the octave of the Assumption of Saint Mary, being the fourth day of the week. Not finding their master the king there, they made a stay of eight days, for some necessary repairs to the fleet; after which they set out in pursuit of the king, and on the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, being the sixth day of the week, arrived at Messina, in Sicily.

On the Lord's day following, Philip, king of France, arrived there, it being the sixteenth day before the calends of October; on which, Margarete, the admiral, Jordan de Pin, and the other governors of the city, received him with all due honor, and assigned him the palace of Tancred, king of Sicily, for his abode. Now when king Richard heard that his fleet had arrived at Messina, he left Salerno on the thirteenth 88 He no doubt alludes to what we call flying-fish.

87 He probably means Stromboli.