The Revelation is as Follows: "Verily thus saith the Lord unto you my servant Joseph, that inasmuch as you have inquired of my hand, to know and understand wherein I, the Lord, justified my servants, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; as also Moses, David and Solomon, my servants, as touching the principle and doctrine of their having 'many wives and concubines': 2. Behold! and lo, I am the Lord thy God, and will answer thee as touching this matter: "3. Therefore, prepare thy heart to receive and obey the instructions which I am about to give unto you, for all those who have this law revealed unto them must obey the same. a "4. For behold! I reveal unto you new and everlasting covenant; and if ye abide not that covenant, then are ye damned; for on one can reject this covenant, and be permitted to enter into my glory. "5. For all who will have a blessing at my hands, shall abide the law which was appointed for that blessing, and the conditions thereof, as were instituted from before the foundation of the world: 6. And as pertaining to the new and everlasting covenant, it was instituted for the fullness of my glory; and he that receiveth a fullness thereof must and shall abide the law, or he shall be damned, saith the Lord God. 7. And verily I say unto you, that the conditions of this law are these:-All covenants, contracts, bond, obligations, oats, vows, performances, connections, associations or ex- . pectations, that are not made and entered into and sealed, by the Holy Spirit of promise, of him who is anointed, both as well for time and for all eternity, and that too most holy, by revelation and commandment through the medium of mine anointed, whom I have appointed on the earth to hold this power (and I have appointed unto my servant Joseph to hold this power in the last days, and there is never but one on the earth at a time, on whom this power and the keys of this priesthood are conferred) are of no efficacy, virtue or force, in and after the resurrection from the dead; for all contracts that are not made unto this end have an end when men are dead. "8. Behold! mine house is a house of order, saith the Lord God, and not a house of confusion. 9. Will I accept of an offering, saith the Lord, that is not made in my name! "10. Or will I receive at your hands that which I have not appointed! "11. And will I appoint unto you, saith the Lord, except it be by law, even as I and my Father ordained unto you, before the world was! 12. I am the Lord thy God, and I give unto you this commandment, that no man shall come unto the Father but by me, or by my word, which is my law, saith the Lord; "13. And everything that is in the world, whether it be ordained of men, by thrones, or principalities, or powers or things of name, whatsoever they may be, that are not by me, or by my word, saith the Lord, shall be thrown down, and shall not remain after men are dead, neither in nor after the resurrection, saith the Lord your God. 14. For whatsoever things remain are by me; and whatsoever things are not by me, shall be shaken and destroyed. "15. Therefore, if a man marry him a wife in the world and he marry her not by me, nor by my word; and he covenant with her so long as he is in the world, and she with him, their covenant and marriage are not of force when they are dead, and when they are out of the world; therefore, they are not bound by any law when they are out of the world; "16. Therefore, when they are out of the world, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are appointed angels in heaven, which angels are ministering angels, to minister for those who are worthy of a far more and an exceeding, and an eternal weight of glory; "17. For these angels did not abide my law, therefore they cannot be enlarged, but remain separately and singly, without exaltation, in their saved condition, to all eternity, and from henceforth are not Gods, but are angels of God, for ever and ever. "18. And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife, and make a covenant with her for time and for all eternity, if that covenant is not by me, or by my word, which is my law, and is not sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise, through him whom I have anointed and appointed unto this power-then it is not valid, neither of force when they are out of the world, because they are not joined by me, saith the Lord, neither by my word; when they are out of the world, it cannot be received here, because the angels and the. Gods are appointed there, by whom they cannot pass; they cannot, therefore, inherit my glory, for my house is a house of order, saith the Lord God. "19. And again, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife by my word, which is my law, and by the new and everlasting covenant, and it is sealed unto them by the Holy Spirit of promise, by him who is anointed, unto whom I have appointed this power, and the keys of this priesthood, and it shall be said unto them, ye shall come forth in the first resurrection, and if it be after the first resurrection, in the next resurrection; and shall inherit thrones, kingdoms, principalities, and powers, dominions, all heights and depthsthen shall it be written in the Lamb's Book of Life that he shall commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood, and if ye abide in my covenant and commit no murder whereby to shed innocent blood, it shall be done unto them in all things whatsoever my servant hath put upon them in time and through all eternity, and shall be of full force when they are out of the world: and they shall pass by the angels, and the Gods, which are set there, to their exaltation and glory in all things, as hath been sealed upon their heads, which glory shall be a fullness and a continuation of the seeds for ever and ever. 20. Then shall they be Gods, because they have no end; therefore shall they be from everlasting to everlasting, because they continue; then shall they be above all, because all things are subject unto them. Then shall they be Gods, because they have all power, and the angels are subject unto them. 21. Verily, verily I say unto you, except ye abide my law, ye cannot attain to this glory. 22. For straight is the gate and narrow the way that leadeth unto the exaltation and continuation of the lives, and few there be that find it, because ye receive me not in the world, neither do you know me, 23. But if ye receive me in the world, then shall ye know me, and shall receive your exaltation, that where I am ye shall be also. 24. This is enternal lives, to know the only wise and true God, and Jesus Christ, whom he hath sent. I am he. Receive ye, therefore, my law. 25. Broad is the gate, and wide the way that leadeth to the deaths, and many there are that go in thereat; because they receive me not, neither do they abide in my law. 26. Verily, verily I say unto you, if a man marry a wife according to my word, and they are sealed by the Holy Spirit of promise, according to mine appointment, and he or she shall commit any sin or transgression of the new and everlasting covenant whatever, and all manner of blasphemies, and if they commit no murder, wherein they shed innocent blood-yet shall come forth in the first resur rection and enter into their exaltation; but they shall be destroyed in the flesh, and shall be delivered unto the buffetings of Satan unto the day of redemption, saith the Lord God. 27. The blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which shall not be forgiven in the world, nor out of the world, is in that ye commit murder, wherein shed ye innocent blood, and assent unto my death, after ye have received my new and everlasting covenant, saith the Lord God; and he that abideth not this law, can in no wise enter into my glory, but shall be damned, saith the Lord. "28. I am the Lord, thy God, and will give unto thee the law of my holy priesthood, as was ordained by me and my Father, before the world was. 29. Abraham received all things whatsoever he received, by revelation and commandment, by my word, saith the Lord, and hath entered into his exaltation, and sitteth upon his throne. "30. Abraham received promises concerning his seed, and of the fruit of his loins-from whose loins ye are namely, my servant, Joseph-which were to continue so long as they were in the world; and as touching Abraham and his seed, out of the world they should continue; both in the world and out of the world should they continue as innumerable as the stars; or, if ye were to count the sand upon the sea shore, ye could not number them. "31. This promise is yours, also, because ye are of Abraham, and the promise was made unto Abraham; and by this law are the continuation of the works of my Father, wherein he glorieth himself. 32. Go ye, therefore, and do the works of Abraham; enter ye into my law, and ye shall be saved. 33. But if ye enter not into my law ye cannot receive the promise of my Father, which he made unto Abraham. "34. God commanded Abraham, and Sarah gave Hagar to Abraham to wife. And why did she do it? Because this was the law and from Hagar sprang many people. This, therefore, was fulfilling, among other things, the promises. 35. Was Abraham, therefore, under condemnation? Verily, I say unto you, Nay; for I, the Lord, commanded it. 36. Abraham was commanded to offer his son, Isaac; nevertheless it was written, thou shalt not kill. Abraham, however, did not refuse, and it was accounted unto him for righteousness. 37. Abraham received concubines, and they bear him children, and it was accounted unto him for righteousness, because they were given unto him, and he abode in my law, as Isaac also, and Jacob did none other things than that which they were commanded; and because they did none other things than that which they were commanded, they have entered into their exaltation, according to the promises, and sit upon thrones, and are not angels, but are Gods. **38. David also received many wives and concubines, as also Solomon and Moses my servants; as also many others of my servants, until from the beginning of creation this time, and in nothing did they sin, save in those things which they received not of me. 39. David's wives and concubines were given unto him of me, by the hand of Nathan, my servant, and others of the prophets who had the keys of this power; and in none of these things did he sin against me, save in the case of Uriah and his wife; and therefore he hath fallen from his exaltation, and received his portion, and he shall not inherit them out of the world; for I gave them unto another, saith the Lord. 40. I am the Lord thy God, and I gave unto thee my servant Joseph, an appointment, and restore all things; ask what ye will, and it shall be given unto you, according to my word: 41. And as ye have asked concerning adultery-verily, verily I say unto you, if a man receiveth a wife in the new and everlasting covenant, and if she be with another man and I have not appointed unto her by the holy anointing she hath committed adultry, and shall be destroyed. 42. If she be not in the new and everlasting covenant, and she be with another man, she has committed adultery. 43. And if her husband be with another woman and he was under a vow, he hath broken his vow, and hath committed adultery. "'44. And if she hath not committed adultery, but is innocent, and hath not broken her vow, and she knoweth it, and I reveal it unto you, my servant Joseph, then shall you have power, by the power of my holy priesthood, to take her and give her unto him that hath not committed adultery, but hath been faithful; for he shall be made ruler over many; "45. For I have conferred upon you the keys and the power of the priesthood, wherein I restore all things and make known unto you all things in due time. you "46. And verily, verily I say unto that whatsoever you seal on earth, shall be sealed in heaven; and whatsoever you bind on earth, in my name, and by my words, saith the Lord, it shall be eternally bound in the heavens; and whosoever sins you remit on earth shall be remitted eternally in the heavens; and whosesoever sins you retain on earth, shall be retained in heaven. "47. And again, verily I say, whomsoever you bless, I will bless, and whomsoever you curse, I will curse, saith the Lord, for I, the Lord, am thy God. "'48. And again, verily I say unto you, my servant Joseph, that whatsoever you give on earth, and to whomsoever you give any one on earth, by my word, and according to my law, it shall be visited with blessings, and not cursings, and with my power, saith the Lord, and shall be with out condemnation on earth and in heaven; "49. For I am the Lord thy God, and will be with thee even unto the end of the world, and through all eternity; for verily, I seal upon you your exaltation, and prepare a throne for you in the kingdom of my Father, with Abraham, your father. "50. Behold, I have seen your sacrifices and will forgive all your sins; I have seen your secrifices, in obedience to that which I have told you; go, therefore, and I make a way for your escape, as I accepted the offering of Abraham, of his son, Isaac. "51. Verily I say unto you, a commandment I give unto mine handmaid, Emma Smith, your wife, whom I have given unto you, that she stay herself and partake not of that which I commanded you to offer unto her; for I did it, saith the Lord, to prove you all, as I did Abraham; and that I might require an offering at your hand, by covenant and sacrifice; 52. And let mine handmaid, Emma Smith, receive all those that have been given unto my servant, Joseph, and who are virtuous are pure before me; and those who are not oure and have said they were pure, shall be destroyed, saith the Lord God: 53. For I am the Lord thy God, and ye shall obey my voice; and I give unto my servant Joseph, that he shall be made ruler over many things, for he hath been faithful over a few things, and from henceforth I will strengthen him. "54. And I command my handmaid, Emma Smith, to abide and cleave unto my servant Joseph, and to none else. But if she will not abide this commandment, she shall be destroyed, saith the Lord; for I am the Lord thy God, and will destroy her, if she abide not in my law; "55. But if she will not abide this commandment, then shall my servant Joseph do all things for her, even as he nath said; and I will bless him and multiply him and give unto him an hundred fold in this world, of fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, houses and lands, wives and children, and crowns of eternal lives in the eternal worlds. '56. And again, verily I say, let mine handmaid forgive my servant Joseph, his trespasses; and then shall she be forgiven her trespasses, wherein she has trespassed against me; and I, the Lord thy God, will bless her, and multiply her, and make her heart to rejoice. "'57. And again, I say, let not my servant Joseph put his property out of his hands, lest an enemy come and destroy him; for satan seeketh to destroy; for I am the Lord thy God, and he is my servant; and behold! and lo I am with him, as I was with Abraham, thy father, even unto his exaltation and glory. "58. Now, as touching the law of the priesthood, there are many things pertaining thereunto. er, **59. Verily, if a man be called of my Fathas was Aaron, by mine own voice, and by the voice of him that sent me; and I have endowed him with the keys of the power of this priesthood, if he do anything in my name, and according to my law, and by my word, he will not commit sin, and I will justify him. "60. Let no one, therefore, set on my servant, Joseph; for I will justify him; for he shall do the sacrifice which I require at his hands for his transgressions, saith the Lord your God. "61. And again, as pertaining to the law of the priesthood; if any man espouse a virgin, and desire to espouse another, and the first give her consent, and if he espouse the second and they are virgins and have vowed to no other man, then is he justified; he cannot commit adultery, for they are given unto him; for he cannot commit adultery with that that belongeth unto him and to no one else: "62. And if he have ten virgins given unto him by this law he cannot commit adultery, for they belong to him, and they are given unto him. therefore he is justified. "63. But if one or either of the ten virgins, after she is espoused, shall be with another man; she has committed adultery, and shall be destroyed; for they are given unto him to multiply and replenish the earth, according to my commandment, and to fulfill the promise which was given by my father before the foundation of the world; and for their exaltation in the eternal worlds, that they may bear their souls of men; for herein is the work of my Father continued, that he may be glorified. "64. And again, verily, verily, I say unto you, if any man have a wife, who holds the keys of this power, and he teaches unto her the law of my priesthood, as pertaining to these things, then shall she believe, and administer unto him, or she shall be destroyed, saith the Lord your God, for I will destroy her; for I will magnify my name upon all those who receive and abide in my law. me, 65. Therefore, it shall be lawful in if she receive not this law, for him to receive all things, whatsoever I, the Lord his God, will give unto him, because she did not administer unto him according to my word; and she then becomes the transgressor; and he is exempt from the law of Sarah, who administered unto Abraham according to the law, when I commanded Abraham to take Hagar to wife. "66. And now, as pertaining to this law, verily, verily, I say unto you, I will reveal more unto you, hereafter; therefore, let this suffice for the present. Behold, I am Alpha and Omega. Amen." The Chairman. If it is convenient to you, Mr. Tayler, you may now read the additional sections or verses. Mr. Tayler. I will do so. I wish first to ask Mr. Smith just one question. The Chairman. All right. His Ogden Address Again. Mr. Tayler. It is upon the subject of his instructions and inculcation of polygamy. I understood you to say, Mr. Smith, that you did not consider the remarks you made at Ogden, which I quoted, as instructing or advising belief in polygamy. Mr. Smith. Oh, no; I did not say that. Mr. Tayler. You then made use of this language: "Now, am I telling you that plural marriage is practiced or is to be practiced? No, I am only telling you that it is a principle revealed by God to Joseph Smith the prophet, and the Latter-day Saint who denies and rejects that truth in his heart might as well reject every other truth connected with his mission.' Mr. Smith. That is correct. Mr. Tayler. And that is not, in your construction of your language, instruction or inculcation? Mr. Smith. Merely a statement of fact. Mr. Tayler. Merely the statement of a fact-exactly. Mr. Smith. That is all. Senator Dubois. May I ask the president a question on the line on which he is now testifying? The Chairman. Certainly. Number in Polygamy. Senator Dubois. To start out with, Mr. Smith has now several times stated that only 3 or 4 per cent were in polygamy. That has gone without challenge. My judgment is that 3 or 4 per cent were convicted. I think the prosecution will be able to show that much more than 3 or 4 per cent were in the polygamous relations. I am almost willing to hazard the guess that 3 or 4 per cent were actually convicted. Senator Foraker. In so far as I made use of the term "3 or 4 per cent," I took it from the witness. I have no knowledge on the subject. Senator Dubois. I understand. I do not undertake to give the percentage, but it will be given. However, I make my statement in contradiction to that of the president. Mr. Worthington. Do you refer to 3 or 4 per cent of the whole membership of the Mormon church or only the marriageable males? Senator Dubois. Ah, you do not consider the women in polygamy? Mr. Worthington. I did not knowSenator Dubois. You mean that the women are not in polygamy? Mr. Worthington. I merely wanted to know whether you meant 3 or 4 per cent of the whole church population or that percentage of the marriageable males. Senator Dubois. I will state at the proper time what I mean. We will accept your statement, Mr. Smith, that a small percentage are in polygamy. How many presidents of the All Presidents Polygamists. Mr. Smith. How many presidents have been monogomists? I think that all of the first presidents of the church down to myself have had plural wives. Senator Dubois. I understood from the testimony here yesterday that the heir to the throne is a polygamist-the head of the quorum of apostles now, who under the rule and precedents, should he survive you, will be the president of the church. I understood that he is also a polygamist. Mr. Smith. I should like to correct the Senator by saying that we have no heir to the throne. Senator Dubois. He is the head of the quorum of apostles, and there has been a line of unbroken precedents that the head of the quorum of the apostles succeeds to the office of president. Mr. Smith. That is correct. Senator Dubois. If the term "heir to the throne" is offensive, I withdraw it. Mr. Smith. If you please. Senator Dubois. But apparently, following the precedents of the church, he will succeed to the office of president. Now, of course, you could not state, but has it not been a fact that the great majority of the high ecclesiastical positions in the church have been filled by polygamists? Leaders Had Plural Wives. Mr. Smith. I could not state that from positive knowledge, but I will say this frankly, that a large number of them have been polygamists. The fact of the matter is, that the most prominent men,' the most influential men, the men who have stood highest in business and in social circles in Utah among the Mormon people, have been men who had more than one wife. Senator Dubois. That is a satisfactory answer to me. I simply wanted to show that this very small percentage are very influential. Senator Hoar. I should like to ask a question merely to understand what I did not get at heretofore. I understood the question to be put whether this revelation to Joseph Smith, promulgated and made public by Brigham Young, in regard to polygamy, was permissive or obligatory. I understood-and I am not sure I understood you aright-that it was permissive, but did you mean to say that or do you mean to say it is obligatory, so far as a general principle of conduct is concerned, but not mandatory under the circumstances? Now I will illustrate what I mean by the injunction of our scripture-what we call the New Testament. Mr. Smith. Which is our scripture also. Senator Hoar. Which is your scripture also? Mr. Smith. Yes, sir. Bishop Must Be Sober. Senator Hoar. The apostle says that a bishop must be sober and must be the husband of one wife. Mr. Smith. At least. Senator Hoar. We do not say that, (Laughter.) The bishop must be sober and must be the husband of one wife. I suppose that is generally construed to enjoin upon bishops the marriage relation But I have known several bishops, two in my own State, of great distinction, who were bachelors. I suppose they would say, if you asked them, that that was an obligation to sustain by their example the marriage relation, but that it did not apply under all circumstances and upon all occasions, and that the ordinary ele ment of human illness and poverty, or any other special reason, exempted them from it. I gather from your general answer that that is what you mean by your answer whether it is permissive or mandatory; that the principle is mandatory, but that it is not of universal application under all circumstances. Mr. Smith. I think, Senator, I can ac cept of your statement without any criticism at all. Mr. Smith. I should like to be permitted to call the attention of the honorable Sen. ator to the fact that this injunction was made to the church in Judea in the midst of a polygamous people, and that all of the people believed in the practice of polygamy at that time. Senator Hoar. You mean the ancients? Mr. Smith. Yes, sir; the Jews at that time. But it was made obligatory upon the bishop that he should have one wife, because the duties of a bishop require an experienced man. As to Polygamy Revelations. Senator McComas. You said that the revelation of polygamy promulgated by Brigham Young was permissive and not mandatory. Mr. Smith. Begging pardon, I said that it is so construed by our people. Senator McComas. So construed, and your church so construes it? Mr. Smith. It is so construed by our people. Senator McComas. To be permissive and not mandatory? Mr. Smith. In the sense of saying that as a principle it was a vital principle at the time, but it was not mandatory, from the very fact that only a very small percentage engaged in it, and, with all deference to the Senator who has expressed himself, I still maintain that the estimate of 3 per cent of the Mormon people who entered into polygamy is based upon figures that were produced at the time the announcement was made. Senator McComas. I will not require you to repeat the statement you have made, although you have repeated part of it. Mr. Smith. Thank you. Senator McComas. You said, if I understand you, that the manifesto of President Woodruff was construed by you and by your church as mandatory. Mr. Smith. Yes, sir. Senator McComas. As mandatory. Senator McComas. Apart from your personal belief as a man, in your office as president of the church, have you often or ever or repeatedly rebuked those who have, after President Woodruff's manifes to, urged the practice of plural marriage, when they did so in your presence or to it has been your knowledge or when brought to your attention? Mr. Smith. I should say that I have never heard anybody advocate it or encourage or recommend it in any shape or form since the manifesto. Senator McComas. Have you ever Own Belief Announced. Mr. Smith. Only in the sense that has been read here today; that is, in a little social gathering I announced my own belief in it and at the same time announced the fact that it was not practiced and was stopped. ever Senator McComas. Have you heard or have you read addresses made by apostles of your church encouraging plural marriages since the manifesto? Mr. Smith. No, sir; never. Senator McComas. You have never seen them reported in the newspapers? Mr. Smith. No, sir. Senator McComas. Not in any instance? Mr. Smith. No; unless you can construe what I said there Senator McComas. What you said? talking about the statements I of am others. Mr. Smith. I have not heard anybody else. Senator McComas. Apostle Grant, for instance, and others? Mr. Smith. I understood that Apostle Grant merely announced the fact that he had two wives and that he had contributed $300 to a certain class in the University of Utah in honor of his two wives$150 each. He announced it publicly. The anti-Mormon press of Salt Lake City took it up and made a great big hubbub about it. Senator McComas. I understood you to say that you have never heard in any public place any apostle or elder of the church encourage the practice of plural marriages or defend it after the Woodruff manifesto? Mr. Smith. I will say truly as to both forms of your question, I have never heard them advocate it; I have never heard them defend it in public. Senator McComas. And you have never read of it? Will Defend Polygamy. Mr. Smith. But I have said this, if you please, Mr. Senator, that if the principle in the abstract is attacked by opponents, it is very, very likely that we will defend it, from a scriptural viewpoint. Senator McComas. I am not asking you what you would do. I want to know what you have done. Mr. Smith. We have not done anything of the kind. Senator McComas. Have you read in the newspapers in Salt Lake City reports that appear to be authentic of any apostle or elder who has thus defended the practice of polygamy? And if so, I desire to know if you have ever in your place as president of the church in any manner called him to account for violating the Woodruff manifesto, which you say is mandatory upon the members of the church. Mr. Smith. There are some papers very bitterly anti-Mormon published in Salt Lake City. Senator McComas. I am only asking you with respect to those which seem to be fair and authoritative reports. Mr. Smith. I have never seen any fair, authoritative, or reliable reports of that kind. Senator McComas. You never have? Mr. Worthington. Not since the manifesto? Mr. Smith. Not in the papers. Senator McComas. You have never heard any in public? Mr. Smith. No, sir; I never have. The Chairman. Mr. Tayler, before we take a recess, I wish you would put in, if you have time, what you desire from these books. Mr. Tayler. Shall I proceed now? Senator McComas. Could you cite it and have it put in the record? Mr. Tayler. No; I would rather not. The Chairman. We will go as far as we can before the hour for a recess arrives. Senator Foraker. It is only five minutes. Mr. Tayler. Shall I go on? Senator Bailey. I suggest that where Mr. Tayler begins reading would be a good place for us to resume consideration of the matter. The Chairman. Very well. Senator Foraker. He could not finish the reading anyway before the recess. The Chairman. Very well. The committee will now take a recess until 2 o'clock. Thereupon (at 11 o'clock and 55 minutes a. m.) the committee took a recess until 2 o'clock p. m. The committee reassembled at the ex'piration of the recess. The Chairman. Mr. Smith, will you have the kindness to resume the witness stand? Mr. Tayler. Unless Mr. Smith prefers to sit there, I will not want to ask him, so far as I am concerned, any question at present at least. I was going to read from these documents. Mr. Chairman, i will first read certain portions of the book entitled "Doctrine and Covenants," and I read from the edition printed by the Deseret News, with the imprint 1901 on it, first from section 43, page 177: Doctrine and Covenants Introduced. "Revelation given through Joseph, the seer, at Kirtland, Ohio, February, 1831." "Verse 1: "Oh hearken, ye elders of my church, and give an ear to the words which I shall speak unto you; 2. For behold, verily, verily, I say unto you, that ye have received a commandment for a law unto my church, through him whom I have appointed unto you, to receive commandments and revelations from my hand. 3. And this ye shall know assuredly that there is none other appointed unto you to receive commandments and revelations until he be taken, if he abide in me. "4. But verily, verily I say unto you, that none else shall be appointed unto this gift except it be through him, for if it be taken from him, he shall not have power except to appoint another in his stead; 5. And this shall be a law unto you, that ye receive not the teachings of any that shall |
