Retrospective view of affairs in India. Benares, Tranfactions which led to the dependance of that country on the Eaft India company. The Rajah Bulwant Sing, having taken a decided part in their favour, in the war against his paramount lord, Sujah Ul Dowlah, his territories are fecured to him by the treaty of Illahabad. Inveliture of Cheit Sing, upon the death of his father Bulwant, and a new treaty concluded in favour of the family by Major Harper. A third treaty, in confirmation of the two former, concluded by Mr. Haftings, who is himself a party to it, and renders the company guarantees of the Rajah's poffeffions. Upon the death of Sujah Ul Dowlah, the Nabab vizier, the fovereignty of Benares is transferred by his fucceffor to the company. Extraordinary fubfidies demanded and levied from the Rajah, Cheit Sing, on occafion of the war with France, lay the foundation of thofe differences which took place between him and the government of Calcutta. Afupply of 2c00 cavalry demanded from the Rajah. Charges of difaffection and contumacy laid against him. Governor general's progrefs from Calcutta, to fettle the affairs of Benares, and other countries. Proceeds up the Ganges to Buxar, where he is met by the Rajah, with great attendance and number of boats. Different accounts of the conference on the water. Rajah's vifit at Benares forbidden. Rajah taken into cuftody: refcued, and the fepoys, with their offficers, maffacred. He flies firft to Ramnagur, and from thence retires in the night to the fortrefs of Lutteef poor. Ouffaun Sing appointed by the governor general to adminifter the affairs of the conntry in the place of the Rajah.

Ram

Ramjiewaun garrifons Ramnagur for the Rajab. Scheme for the reduction of the place fruftrated by the rafbnefs of Captain Mayaffre; who is killed in an ill judged attack, and the party repulfed with great loss. Country immediately in arms. Defign of attacking the governor general in his quarters obliges him to retire by night to Chunar. Repeated propofals made by the Rajah for an accommodation, produce no effect. Embarraffment occafioned by the Nabob vizier's viht. The commotion in Cheit Sing's maBenares Spreads the flame in the adjoining countries. Great reinforcenifefto. Attack on the Rajah's camp at Pateetah. ments arrive at Chunar. Bundos Carn, a native, proposes the means, by which the Rajah's forces might, without much difficulty, be difpoffeffed of their ftrong bolds. The fcheme adopted by Major Popham; who privately difparches Major Crabbe, with a frong detachment, to pene: trate the mountains, under the guidance of Bundoo Cawn, and attacks the enemy in the rear, while he engages them in front. The defign fucceeds; Major Crabbe carries the frong pass of Suckroot; the enemy abandon the fortress of Luteef poor; the Rajah flies to Bidjeygur, and all his forces difperfe. Country immediately refumes its ufual tranquillity. Governor general returns to Benares; fettles the government; appoints new Rajah; and increases the revenue. Disturbances in the neighbouring countries quelled. Treaty of peace and alliance happily concluded with Madagee Scindia by Colonel Muir. The Rajab, Cheit Sing, totally abandons his country. Strong fortress of Bidjegur taken upon conditions, by Majer Popham. Great treasure found and Spoil made by the army.

a

СНА Р. II.

Peninfula of India. Efforts by France to recover her ancient possessions and influence, and totally to overthrow the English power. French Squadron fails from the African iflands with a strong body of forces for the coast of Coromandel; takes the Hannibal of 50 guns, and appears fuddenly before Madras, intending to destroy the English fquadron in the road, and, in concurrence with Hyder Alley, to befiege that place by fea and land. Caufes which obliged M. de Suffrein to abandon that defign and put out to fea. Is pursued by Sir Edward Hughes, who chaces and takes serveral of the convoy. Partial fea-fight; in which the French, having the wind in their favour, direct their whole force to the attack of the rear and a part of the center of the British line. Admiral's ship, the Superbe, and Commodore King's ship, the Exeter, fuffer extremely, through Capt. Stethe great fuperiority of force by which they are attacked. Enemy phens, of the former and Capt. Reynolds, of the latter, killed. fuddenly haul their wind and ftand off; are out of fight in the morning. Admiral, on his way from Madras to Trincomale, is joined by the Sultan and Magnanime from England. Falls in with the enemy's fleet. The daBloody action off the coast of Ceylon, on the 12th of April. mage on both fides fo great, and fo nearly equal, that the hoftile commanders lie for feveral days within fight of each other, repairing their VOL. XXVI.

fbattered

battered fhips. French fleet proceed to Batacalo, and Sir Edward Hughes 10 Trincomale. Confequences of these naval actions. Great difappointment to Hyder, in his expectation of such a co-operation on the part of France, as would enable him speedily to reduce the Carnatic. Major Abingdon arrives with a body of troops from Bombay at Teilcherry, on the Malabar coaft; where he defeats and takes Sandos Carton, who had long blockaded that place.

CHA P. III.

[40

Colonel Brathwaite's detachment fuddenly furrounded by Tippoo Saib, with a confiderable army, on the banks of the Coleron. Cruel flaughter refrained by the humanity of M. Lally. Southern proDefperate refiftance. winces laid entirely open to the enemy by this lofs. Embarraffing fituation of Sir Eyre Cante. French forces, under the conduct of M. Duchemin, land at Pondicherry, and are joined by a body of Hyder's troops; the combined enemy befiege Cuddalore and Parmacoil, both of which they take; and meditate, in concert with the grand army, an attack upon the importaut fortress of Fandiwafb. Sir Eyre Coote, in advancing to the protection of Vandiwash, hopes thereby to bring an a battle with Hyder; but finding the latter relinquished his object to evade that defign, be pusbes on two days march to attack bim on bis own ground. Hyder abandens bis camp, and retires to a fecure pofition on the Red Hills. Britif general, in order to draw the enemy from his strong poft, and bring on an gelion, advances towards the fortress of Arnee, where bis magazinesgre depofited. Manœuvre fucceeds: Hyder immediately defcends from the Red Hills, and marches to the relief of Arnee. Battle of the 2d of JuneEnemy routed and profued till night. The want of cavalry on one file, and abundance of it on the other, prevent the grand effects of cnctury in Purfuit continued for two days. Enemy abandon we great road, and cross the country to Arnee. British grand guard cut off. Fatigue, Fckness, and want of provifions, oblige the army to fall back towards the fources of its fupply. Sir Eyre Coate's ill health obliges him to quit the army, and leave the command to General Stuart. Hyder in a fimilar fate of ill health. Defined never to face each other again in the field. Both, probably, vitims to the contention. Failure of Hyder's great defigns, affects bis conflitution. French squadron returns from the island of Ceylon to the coat of Coromandel, and is followed by the Engli. M. de Suffrein takes on board great reinforcements of troops and artillerymen at Cuddalore, with a view of entirely crufbing the British naval over in thofe fleas. Appears before Negapatam, to challenge Sir Edward Hughes. Action of the 6th of July. French fleet fawed by a Fudden Bift of wind. Severe frikes to the Schon, but afterwards escapes. Capt. Malellan, of the admiral's frip, killed. Great loss of the enemy. While the fua iron is refitting at $father, M. de Suff din joins the Sicur d'Amar, on the coof of Ceylon, wan lærarrived there, awith two stips of the line, ant the second divifion of the Marquis de Buly's troops from the Mau

this war.

ritius.

ritius. Enemy befiege and take Trincomale, while the British Squadron
is detained by adverse winds from its rescue. Sir E. Hughes arrives
early in the morning clofe in with that place. Enemy, relying in their
fuperior force, come out to battle. Defperate and well fought action on
the 3d of September. Enemy lose one of their best ships in getting into
Trincomale. Lofs of men fmall, with respect to number; but the three
brave captains, Wood, Watts, and Lumley, with other diftinguished offi
cers, are unfortunately flain. Great loss of the enemy. Admirable be-
haviour of the British commanders, through the whole course of this fevere
naval warfare.

[54

with the utmost ra-
Colonel Humberstone
Panians, clofely pur-

Treaty of peate concluded with the Mabrattas, through the mediation of
Madajee Scindia. Negotiation conducted with ability by Mr. Anderson.
Madajee Scindia the mutual guarantee. Peace fortunate with respect
to the feafon of its conclufion, and advantageous in its ftipulations to the
English. Boroach ceded to Scindia. Suppofed caufes which delayed.
the ratification at Poonah. Dreadful burricane, and deplorable famine
at Madras. British squadron driven to fea, and suffer much from bad
weather in their paffage to Bombay. Advantages derived by the French
fleet from the petion of Trincomale. Colonel Humberstone's fucceffes on
the coaft of Malabar. Penetrates far into the country; but is obliged
to retire with lofs from Palacatcherry. Government of Bombay difpatch
a body of forces under General Matthews to the coaft, with a view to
extricate Humberstone; while Tippoo Saib proceeds
pidity from the Carnatic, in order to cut him off.
gains intelligence of his approach, and retires to
fued by the enemy. Command of the troops devolves on Colonel Macleod,
who is immediately invested by the enemy. Tippoo Saib and M. Lally
attack the British lines with a great force, but are gallantly repulfed
with confiderable lofs. Tippon Saib breaks up his camp by night, and
returns to the Carnatic. General Matthews takes Onore by ftorm. Death
General Matthews takes Cundapore ;
and character of Hyder Ally.
Some ob.
forces the Gauts, and makes his way into the Bednore country.
fervations on the conduct pursued, and the cruelties committed in this ex-
pedition. Short account of the ancient kingdom of Canara, and of the
royal city of Bednore, or Hyder Nagur, the fuppofed depofitary of Hyder's
treasures. Private negotiation and treaty with Hyat Saib, who fur-
renders the country and capital to the British forces. Great difcontents
in the army, relative to the difpofal of the treasures found in the royal
palace. Difference between the general and the principal officers of the
King's forces, occafions the Colonels Macleod and Humberstone, with
Major Shaw, to quit the army and return to Bombay. Difpatches from
the general, containing a general acc
ings of the government of Bombay: apr-
mand of the army in the Bednore country.

Proceed-
against his army.
Colonel Macleod to the com-
Captain Carpenter takes Car-

war,

nar, with other forts, and reduces the whole Soundah country. General Mathews returns with part of the army to the coaft; befieges and takes Mangalore. Tippoo Sultan abandons the Carnatic, and marches with bis whole army to recover the Bednore country, and bis dominions on the Malabar coast. Letters from General Mathews to the government of Bombay, informing them of the approach of the enemy, and requiring a reinforcement: returns to Bednore; marches out to fight the prodigious army under Tippoo Sultan; being inftantly defeated, he retires with the remainder of the forces to the adjoining fortrefs; closely furrounded and beficged. The frong posts in the Gauts fhamefully left to a detachment from Tippoo's army. The fugitives from the Gauts communicate their panic to the garrison of Cundapore, who fet fire to the magazines, and aband the place, with a large field of artillery. General Mathews capitulates upon bonourable conditions. Capitulation violated by Tippaa Sultan. General, and principal officers, feized and imprisoned. Army plundered and inhumanly treated. Miseries endured in a cruel march and imprifonment. General and feveral officers, faid to have been barbarously murdered. Siege of Mangalore converted to a b departure of the French auxiliaries from Tippoo Sulta returns to Madras, where he dies. Sir Edward Hughe the fleet from Bombay. the Gimbatour country. lines and outworks carried, great laughter on both fides. Hughes and M. de Suffrein.

upon the gre Coole rives with Succeffes of the Colonels Lang and Fullarton in General Stuart befieges Cuddalore. French after a defperate attack and refiftance, with Laft naval action between Sir Edward Great fally made by the French with their beft troops, who are repulfed with much loss. Account of the peace being received, an immediate cessation of boftilities takes place.

[75

Retroffective view of affairs in the Weft Indies, North America, Africa, and Europe, previous to the conclusion of peace. Babama islands taken

by the Governor General of Cuba. Dutch fettlements in Africa reduced by the English French expedition to Hudfon's Bay, where they take and deftroy two of the Company's fettlements. Various fucceffes on the Mufquito fore: Fort Dalling retaken: Don T. Julia, with the Spanish forces on Black River, furrender prifoners of war to Colonel Defpard. Calamities of the fleet and convoy from Jamaica. Ramillies, Centaur, Ville de Faris, Le Glorieux, and. Le He&tor with many merchant ships loft. Sir Guy Carleton communicates to General Washington the refolutions of parliament for an accommodation with the Americans and the inftructions and authovity be had received for that purpose from government; requiring at the fame tine a pallport for Mr. Morgan, who he intended to dispatch upon the bufinfs to Congress. Wafbington refers the propofal to Congrefs, who forbid bis granting the pallport. Refolutions of feveral a femblies, against any separate negociation, peace, or truce with Great Britain. Subfequent declaration to the fame purple by Congress; with ftri&t injunétions, against the receiving of any propefals, or the admiffion of any emissaries from England. Measures

pursued