In the English universities this degree is granted to bachelors who undergo a further examination and write the prescribed thesis, the dif ference between the examinations for Mus. B. and Mus. D. being so slight that the latter is deprived of much of its distinction. The University of Pennsylvania adopted the rule that the degree of Mus. D. should be reserved for musicians who have distinguished themselves as composers of important works, thus enhancing the value of the degree. Being attached to the Department of Philosophy, the course in music may be taken as one of the three studies required for the degree of Ph. D."

In 1886 the undergraduates of the University brought out the Greek play, Aristophanes' Acharnians, for which Dr. Clarke wrote the music. This successful revival of a classic drama was one of the academic events of the day.

Academy of Philadelphia (see Sketch of an English School), 36, 56–67, 243, 246.
Academy of Political and Social Science, 199.

Act of assembly confirming the estates of the college, etc., 83, 88, 92.
Alumni of the University, The: Distinguished at the bar, 420-428; distinguished in
science, 428-434; The Central Committee of the Alumni, 434-437; Bibliography of
the University, Hopkinson, White, 438; Barnes, Stevens, Newton, Schaeffer,
Bordman, Mitchell, Furness, Pennypacker, Murray, Smith, Dove, Ewing, Ritten-
house, Reed, 439; Eastlake, Coppee, McMaster, Bolles, McElroy, Brinton, Clark,
Fullerton, Thompson, Thorpe, Seidensticker, Morgan, Rush, Barton, Woodhouse,
Dorsey, Dewes, Horner, Chapman, 440; Wood, Smith, Stillé, Hartshorne, Leidy,
Allen, Pepper, Ashhurst, Norris, Hodge, Benson, Tyson, Reese, Goodell, Worm-
ley, Sharswood, Hare, Parsons, Paterson, Bispham, Ryder, Rothrock, Wilson,
Mybridge, 441-442.

American History and Institutions (see School of), 370.

American Philosophical Society, 54, 55, 184, 185.

Archæology, Department of, 377.

Archbishop of Canterbury's Letter to the Trustees, 1764, 79, 221.

Architecture School, 396.

Art of Virtue, 26, 28.

Arts, Department of, Chapter VII.

Attendance from 1740-1892, 202.

B.

Bibliography of the University (see under Alumni), 438-442.

Biological School, The: Bartram and Marshall, 327; Barton and Darlington, 328–330;
Joseph Leidy, H. C. Wood, Allen, Hayden, Reese, 332; Dr. Horace Jayne (founder
of the Biological School), 333; intention of the founder, 334; course in mam-
malian anatomy, 335; in anatomy and physiology of plants, 336; in systematic
and economic botany, 337; in histology, 338; in embryology and chemistry, 339;
in general biology, 340; the Sea Isle City marine laboratory, 340, 342.
Buildings, 1881-1892, 200.

('.

Charitable School, The, 231. (See under Franklin.)

Charters, of 1749, 63; 1753, 68; 1755, 71; 1779, 83; 1789, 88; 1791, 92.
Chemistry. (See Towne Scientific and Biological schools.)

City of Philadelphia, Relation of University to, Chapter vi.

College, Girard, 189-192.

Committee (standing) of the University, 206.

Constitutions of the Public Academy of Philadelphia, 63.
Corporation of the University, 205.

Courses of study, 208, 230, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 280, 286, 298, 300-
308, 316, 319, 320, 326, 335-342, 359, 366–368, 373, 374, 375, 399–402.

Dentistry, Department of, Chapter XI.

Department of Archæology: American section, 377; Epyptian section, 379; Assyrian
section, Glyptic, 382, 383.

Department of Arts: Early efforts for education in Pennsylvania, 256; Franklin
and Smith, 257; the old curriculum, 258, 259; the course in 1760, 260, 261; origin
of the four years' course, 262, 263; the course in 1810, 264; annual catalogue,
266; the course in 1845, 267, 268, 269.

Department of Dentistry: Origin, 309, 310; dental schools, 311; faculty, 314; build-
ings, 316: methods, 317.

Department, Graduate, for women. (See 384.)

Department of Law: Introductory lecture by Justice James Wilson, 283; organiza-
tion, 284; eminent professors, 285; curriculum, 286.

Department of Medicine: Beginning, 273; Franklin's services, 274; law regulating
the practice of medicine, 275; eminent professors, 276; buildings and appliances,
277; laboratories, 278, 279; the course of study, 280.

Department of Music, The: 442.

Department of Philosophy, The: Organization, 364; courses and degrees, 365–369.
Departments of the University, 197, 198.

Finance and Economy (see Wharton School) 320.

Franklin, Benjamin: Birth and ancestry, 9, 145; boyhood books, 10; learns composi-
tion, 11; his first class, 11-16; studies mathematics, grammar, logic, 12; princi-
ples and morals, 14; his discoveries, 15; plan for studying natural history, 15;
his sociology, 16; plan of teaching morals, 17; his second class, 18; his symbol
of education, 18; Franklin, Jonson, Carlyle, 18; the Junto, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
133; plan for study of reading, 19; Cotton Mather's benefit societies, 20; his
third class, 23; founds Philadelphia Library, 25–121; Franklin's Presbyterian-
ism, 26; Art of Virtue, 27, 28, 147; observations on his readings, 29; Franklin
and Lord Louden, 29; observations on the sailing of ships, 30; his fourth class
in English in the English school, 30; his verses, 31, 118; Franklin and Whit-
field, 32, 139,145; experiment with Whitfield's voice, 33; his sixth class, 33; sys-
tem of prizes, 34, 119; on the study of Latin and modern languages, 35, 51,
167, 168; sketch of an English school, 36, 39, 95, 143; observations on the inten-
tions of the original founders of the academy in Philadelphia, 39–51; the study
of English, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 60; on the orphan school houses
in Philadelphia, 52, 96; experiment with ants, 52; use of the word "busi-
ness" (and note), 53; founds the American Philosophic Society, 54, 55, 183–18;
establishes the Academy of Philadelphia, 56; his proposals relating to the edu-
cation of youth in Pennsylvania, 57-63; arithmetic, geography, history, moral-
ity, language, natural history, economic history, Ibid; constitutions of the Pub-
lic Academy in Philadelphia, 63-68; charter of the Academy and Charity School.
68-71; charter of the College of Philadelphia, 71-77; Declaration of the Trustees
of the College, 80, 81; first charter of the University, 83-88; his spirit of com-
promise, 95; made doctor of laws by the University of St. Andrews, 97; Frank-

lin and Hume, 97, 104, 146, 148; Franklin and Lord Kanes, 97, 146, 147; his ideas
about Canada and the United States, 97; educates the British public, 98; exam-
ination before the House of Commons, 98,148; Franklin and Adam Smith, 99,
104, 135, 142, 150; influence of "The Wealth of Nations," 100; Washington's copy
of "The Wealth of Nations" 100 (note); Franklin and Priestly, 101, 151; Frank-
lin and the seal of the United States, 102; publishes the American constitutions
in France, 103; his comments on them to Dr. Cooper, 104; Franklin and John
Adams, 105, 171; Adams's ideas upon education, 173–180; Franklin and Webster,
106; asked to write his autobiography, 106; Congress requests him to make a
school book, 108; gift of books to Franklin, Massas, 109; suggests water-tight
compartments in ships, 110; welcomed home by the University, 111; Franklin
and Marshall College, 112; Dr. Pepper's address at Centennial anniversary, 113;
Franklin in the Convention of 1787, 13, 117, 161; bequest to Boston, 119, 169; pro-
test against slavery, and religious views, 122; death, 123; Mirabeau's eulogy,
123; Lord Jeffrey's eulogy, 124; Sir James Mackintosh's eulogy, 127; John Fos-
ter's eulogy, 128; Lord Brougham, 129; Robert C. Winthrop's, 130; Horace
Greeley's, 131; his articles of belief and acts of religion, 133; the "Silence Do-
Good Papers," "A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Cur-
rency," 134; he makes an epoch in political economy, 135; fondness for the
theatre, 136; ideas on government, 137, 155, 156, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166; leaves his
fame to others, 138; letter to Dr. Saml. Johnson, of King's College, offering the
provostship of the university, 139; peculiar character of the university, 140;
Franklin and Malthus, 141; on the future of the English race, 142; draws the
Albany plan of government, 144, 145; Franklin and Provost Smith, 141, 145 (note).
Franklin and Charles Thompson, the Stamp Act, 148; Franklin and the physiocrats,
Turgot, Quesnay, Du Pont de Nemours, Voltaire, 149, 159–151; advice to office-
seekers, 152; secret of his style, 153; his sagacity in reaching the public, 153;
the useful in education, 154; free ships make free goods," 155; his conversations,
157; his love of Boston, 158; international copyright, 159; immigration, 159;
his faith in America, 161; his views on Shay's Rebellion contrasted with Jeffer-
son's, 162; Franklin and Thomas Paine, 163; Franklin's name on the map, 163
(note); Franklin and Jefferson, 164, 180-182; he formulates the national idea,
164; his motion for prayers in the Convention, 165; comments on the Constitu-
tion, 165; pamphlet on the Internal State of America, 166; letter to Washington
on the African race, 167; letter to Noah Webster, 167; the Franklin fund, 170;
the educational ideas of Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin compared, 183; the
Franklin Institute, 185–189; Girard College, 189–193; the Philadelphia Manual
Training School, 193; these institutions illustrate Franklin's ideas in education,
185-194; seen in the Wharton School, 320-326; in the School of American History
and Institutions, 374; Franklin and the University of Pennsylvania, 195, et
seq.; books that influenced Franklin, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19; his ideas utilitarian, 14, 17,
19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 95, 97, 98, 103, 105, 109,
110, 114, 116, 118, 119, 122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 142, 114,
146, 147, 149, 153, 154, 156, 159, 163, 168, 170, 176, 177, 182, 183, 186, 189, 193.
Franklin and Marshall College, 112.

Government of the University. (See Chapter III.)

Graduate department for women, The, Chapter XXI, founded by Col. Joseph M. Ben-
nett, 384; faculty and degrees, 385, 386.

H.

History and Institutions, School of American, 370.

History, Study of (see under Franklin, Jefferson also), 61, 62,