In the beginning of 1832 the number of volumes reported to be in the library was 1,670. During the following twenty years nothing of any note occurred. Donations of books, more especially of official documents, were received in larger numbers than before, and by the year 1855 the need of appointing a special librarian made itself felt. For some time past the books had been in the charge of the provost, but in the year mentioned the care of them was transferred to the professor of belles-lettres and the English language and literature. On May 1, 1855, Mr. Henry Coppée was elected to that chair, and accordingly became librarian of the University. In 1859-60, several appropriations larger than heretofore were made for the increase of the library and it is in the latter year that we find the first mention of the Department of Law in connection with the library. A special room was set aside for this department and the books belonging to it placed under the charge of an assistant librarian. The regular appointment of librarians we may conveniently indicate as a further dividing line which marks the close of the second and the beginning of the third period in the history of the library. In 1866, Professor Coppée resigned his connec tion with the University and Dr. Charles J. Stillé was elected to his chair and assumed the duties of librarian, in which he was aided and succeeded by Prof. Robert Ellis Thompson.

On the removal of the University to West Philadelphia begins the series of special collections donated or purchased which now form the feature of the University's collections. The series is opened by the Wetherill Library, consisting of works on chemistry, collected by Prof. C. M. Wetherill and presented in 1871, after Prof. Wetherill's death, by his widow. The same year the Evans Rogers Library consisting chiefly of works on engineering and architecture was founded by Mr. Fairman Rogers, who donated the sum of $10,000 for the purchase. Since then, Mr. Rogers has steadily added to the collection, particularly scientific periodicals.

In 1877 a catalogue of the Rogers Library was prepared and published by Dr. H. Haupt, jr., from which it appears that the library at that time numbered some 1,500 volumes, and to-day its extent is estimated at about 5,000 volumes.

In 1873 the trustees added $2,000 to a sum of $3,000 contributed by friends of the University for the purchase of the classical library of the late Prof. George Allen, professor of Greek and Latin at the University from 1845 till his death, in 1876. The library contained about 5,000 volumes, and while the bulk bore on classical literature, there were also works in it on military science and English literature, more particularly Shakespearean. In addition to this, $5,500 were appropriated by the trustees for the divisions of history and English literature in the library, and $200 was set aside for German and French books.

In 1874 the library received its first endowment fund through Miss Elizabeth Rhoads, who presented the sum of $10,000, the income of

which was to be expended and the fund to be known as the "Tobias Wagner Library Fund." The year was a most prosperous one in the annals of the library, for in addition to these it received two smaller gifts, one of 354 volumes on Roman, French, and Scotch civil law, from Dr. R. E. Peterson, from the library of his father-in-law, the late Judge Bouvier; the other, of 238 volumes on Italian, German, and French literature, from Dr. Alfred Stillé; and the latter in the same year announced his intention to present his extensive medical library to the University, and after suitable provision had been made for the accommodation of the books in Medical Hall, the gift was accepted. The library (now placed in the new library building) embraces about 12,000 works and pamphlets on medical subjects. It is particularly valuable for the numerous sets it contains of the proceedings of medical societies, as well as medical journals in this country, England, and France. As an item of interest it may be noted that, upon the close of the Centennial Exposition (in 1876), the University received some valuable books and articles from foreign exhibitors. Germany was represented in this gift by the great publisher Tauchnitz, who presented editions of classical writers and other books. Chile gave a large collection of books used in the schools of the country, as well as various literary and scientific works published there, and among other countries participating we find Holland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, and Cuba.

In 1870 the University received by gift from the family Mr. Stephen Colwell's library on social science, a collection that has been described as "unique in its range and completeness." Mr. Colwell, a resident of Philadelphia, had been engaged for many years in forming his collection and paid particular attention toward gathering the small pamphlets that a few years after their appearance are generally so difficult to obtain. In addition to English works Mr. Colwell also collected French and Italian publications in large numbers. In all, the library consisted of between 9,000 and 10,000 books and pamphlets, but large as this number is, the value of the collection in the opinion of experts far outranks its numerical proportions.

A supplement to the Colwell library is the valuable collection of books and pamphlets on Political Economy bequeathed by Henry C. Carey, and which came into the possession of the University in 1879. It consisted of 1,415 bound volumes, representing about 4,000 distinct works. A noteworthy feature of the collection is a series of English pamphlets on political economy to the number of 3,000, bound in chronological order and covering the period from the close of the seventeenth century to the present time. Since the receipt of the Colwell and Carey libraries extensive additions by purchase and gift have been made to the library of economic science, more especially upon the establishment of the Wharton School of Finance and Political Economy in 1881, and in 1889 Mr. Joseph Wharton presented an endowment fund of $25,000 for the maintenance of the library of the school founded by him.

In 1883 the Henry Seybert Library of Spiritualism and cognate subjects was established, which since that time has been steadily increased out of the fund specially bequeathed for the investigation of Spiritualism. The collection now numbers about 1,000 volumes.

In 1887, upon the death of Rev. Charles P. Krauth, D. D., vice-provost and professor of intellectual and moral philosophy at the University, the Society of the Alumni of the College Department presented a Krauth memorial fund for the purchase of books on philosophy.

The same year brought to the university a collection, presented by D. B. McCartee, M. D., of Chinese and Japanese literature to the number of about 1,000 volumes, as well as several hundred European publications concerning the history and literature of China and Japan. Still another collection of a miscellaneous character was presented the same year by Maj. Gen. Samuel Wylie Crawford, who has since then made further additions to the library.

In 1887 the philological library of the late Prof. F. A. Pott, of Halle, was secured through the efforts of the late Prof. J. G. R. McElroy. It contains about 4,000 works and is rich in works of general philology, the study and history of language, the alphabet, comparative grammars and dictionaries, treatises on a large number of languages and dialects, as well as publications of the learned societies of Germany, France, Austria, and Russia.

In the same year the collection of the Semitic library was begun by the purchase of an Assyriological collection, supplemented the following year by a large Arabic collection, and of a collection on Semitic epigraphy, besides portions of a library on the Hebrew language and on Old Testament criticism.

In 1888 Mrs. Hayden presented the library of her husband, the late Prof. F. V. Hayden, M. D., consisting of works on geology, paleontology, zoology, and botany.

The same year Mr. George W. Biddle and family founded, in memory of the late George Biddle, the Biddle Law Library. Its chief feature is the collection of the late Benjamin Harris Brewster, which, with its noted collection of American, English, Scotch, and Irish reports, numbers over 5,000 volumes. The foundation also provides for the per

manent increase of the library.

In 1889 the classical library of the late Prof. Ernst von Leutsch, of Göttingen, consisting of about 20,000 volumes, was purchased. Among its features may be mentioned the 18 sets of the leading philological journals of Europe, and the more than 4,000 pamphlets, embodying the graduating theses of German university students and the annual Programmschriften, published by the universities and gymnasia of Germany during the past fifty years. These publications, which Prof. Leutsch received in his capacity as editor of the Philologus, have for the most part disappeared from the book market, and form a collection that is probably unique on this side of the Atlantic. Spe

cial mention might also be made of the numerous works on the history of German universities, as well as the memorial publications issued by the latter on special occasions.

During this year also was begun the collection of Congressional and State documents, as well as general works and pamphlets for the newly-formed School of American History and Institutions at the University. The school, which is the first of the kind established in this country, already possesses, in consequence of energetic efforts on the part of its promoters, a library of more than 13,000 volumes. Among the features of the collection are a complete set of Congressional documents, the only one of the kind outside of the British Museum, records of State legislatures, complete for many of the States, reports of State agricultural and other commissions, American state papers, collections of periodicals, besides general and special works on American history.

At this time Provost William Pepper presented the medical library of the late Prof. William Pepper, very largely augmented by himself, together with an endowment of $7,500 for its perpetual increase, as a memorial of his distinguished father whose name it bears.

In 1890 Frederick Prime, jr., presented a valuable collection of works on mining engineering and electricity.

The library also received by gift a considerable addition to its department of German philology and literature; and the same year the geological library of the late Dr. Charles A. Ashburner was presented by his widow.

In 1891 was added the scientific library of the eminent Joseph Leidy; also, besides gifts of smaller collections, a choice library of Chinese and Oriental literature collected by Richard Ashhurst Bowie, and presented by his son, Richard Henry Bayard Bowie; and, lastly, the Thomas H. Powers library of chemistry was endowed by his widow and daughter, the J. B. Lippincott Library of English Literature was founded by Mrs. Lippincott, the George H. Harrison alcove endowed by members of his family, and the Isaac Norris Library by Mrs. Cochran, in memory of the citizens whose names they bear.

During the year 1892 large additions were made to the library of psychology, and among other gifts received that of a valuable miscellaneous collection from Joseph S. Harris. The choice library of the late Dr. Philip Syng Physick was presented by members of his family; besides the medical library of the late Dr. Physick the collection included an interesting series of works on the institution and history of slavery collected by his grandson, Dr. Philip Physick Randolph.

Such is a survey embodying the essential features of the special collections added to the library during the third period of its existence. Resuming the thread of its history, it but remains to mention before passing on to the fourth and latest period that in 1884 Prof. Thompson was succeeded by Mr. James G. Barnwell as librarian, who held the