in the Laboratory Building, especial encouragement and facilities are afforded for original research, and for such purpose the laboratories are kept open during the whole year, except some of them which are closed during the months of July and August.

The Wistar and Horner Museum, founded nearly one hundred years ago, is believed to be the largest and richest of the kind in the United States, containing not only a very large number and a great variety of specimens illustrating the normal and morbid anatomy of every part of the human body, but also a large number of preparations in comparative anatomy, and a very extensive collection of drawings and of models in wood, papier-mache, composition, glass, etc. At present the Wistar and Horner Museum occupies a large room in the Medical Hall, but through the generosity of Gen. Isaac J. Wistar, the Wistar Institute of Biology and Anatomy is being erected in immediately opposite to the Medical Hall; in it the Wistar and Horner Museum is to be kept and every facility is to be provided for original research. The noble building is rapidly approaching completion and an endowment fund yielding $6,000 per annum has also been provided by Gen. Wistar. The formal opening of this great museum will occur in October, 1893.

The Histological Laboratory is furnished with numerous microscopes of good quality, and all apparatus necessary to enable the first-course student to become practically familiar with the most approved methods of microscopical technique, as well as with the normal histology of all the tissues and organs. During the spring months it is open for those who desire a course embracing those refinements and minutiæ which of necessity are omitted in the regular winter's work.

The Osteo-Syndesmological Laboratory is devoted to the practical study of the bones and their articulations.

The Physiological Laboratory is furnished with a large variety of apparatus for use in practical physiology. It is in active operation during ten months of the year, so that every facility is afforded advanced students and graduates who desire to make special studies and researches under the professor of physiology.

eases.

The Pathological Laboratory is well supplied with microscopes and all appliances required for practical study and original research. It has also a complete outfit for the study of bacteria and of infectious disEach student of the second year is provided with a separate table and microscope, with material and reagents, and receives personal instruction in pathological histology, in mycology, and in the microscopy of urine. Each student of the third year receives advanced practical instruction in morbid anatomy and the making of autopsies. Weekly demonstrations of the gross appearance of specimens, embracing all known morbid products, mostly in fresh condition, together with the microscopic sections, are features of this course.

The practical work during the regular winter session is obligatory on students of both second and third year. Special instruction and guid

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ance in original research are given by the demonstrators to advanced students.

The Pharmaceutical Laboratory is used exclusively for the teaching of practical pharmacy, for which purpose it is furnished with all necessary apparatus.

The Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics is chiefly devoted to original research, but instruction is also given by the demonstrator to students who desire special courses.

Each room is 140 feet

The chemical laboratories are two in number. in length by 40 feet in width. The lower room, is given up to students. of the first year, who devote in it three hours each week to the study of. qualitative analysis. The course includes chemical manipulations and the detailed study of the chemical reactions of the principal metals, acids, and their combinations, with the general principles of qualitative analysis, especially as they relate to the detection and separation of metals and compounds of importance to the physician. Each student is provided with a separate table and apparatus, and is required to exhibit by formulæ, on paper, all reactions involved in his tests. In the upper laboratory, students of the second year spend three hours per week. The course embraces an introduction to the general principles of quantitative analysis and the principles of volumetric analysis, with the practical examination of urine and animal fluids, and the recognition and recovery of poisons from the animal body, and complex mixtures.

The Anatomical Laboratory or dissecting room, upon the upper floor of the laboratory building, is 140 feet by 40 feet, and is perfectly lighted and ventilated. The tables have stone tops, the floor is made of asphalt, and the washstands and water supply are abundant. Great care is given, not only to cleanliness, but also to the preservation of the cadaver, so that the room is practically without odor, and the danger to the health from dissecting wounds is reduced to a minimum.

In the Laboratory of Hygiene practical instruction is given in the analysis of food-stuffs, drinking-water, and milk, and the investigation of adulterations or deteriorations of the same; in the determination of the hygroscopic and thermo-absorbent properties of the various substances used for clothing; in the examination of decorative materials for poisons; in the solution of problems in sanitary engineering, plumbing, ventilation, etc.; and in practical and experimental bacteriology, disinfection, and prevention of disease.

In the laboratory of Practical Surgery the application of bandages is taught to students in their first year; whilst the use of fracture dressings and surgical operations on the cadaver form the instruction to students in third year.

The corps of teachers in the Medical Department consists of the Medical Faculty proper, and a large staff of other professors, lecturers, and demonstrators, besides various assistants in the Hospital.

For many years past the course of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania has extended over three years, at the end of which period the degree has been conferred upon successful candidates. In 1893, the course is to be extended over four years, the whole period being occupied by a graded instruction, and four years of study being required of the students.

Each academic year consists of a session, beginning the 1st day of October and lasting until early in June.

The first year is largely occupied with work in the various laboratories of chemistry, pharmacy, osteology, histology, and in dissection. The first-year student may also attend clinical lectures in general medicine and general surgery. In the second year, in addition to didactic and clinical teaching, practical instruction is given in medical chemistry, pathological histology, and physical diagnosis. Dissection is continued. Throughout the third and fourth years the student is required to attend the general medical and surgical clinics at the University and Philadelphia hospitals and the clinics in special departments at the former. Special bedside instruction in clinical medicine, including physical diagnosis and laryngology, in surgery, and in gynecology, is given in the third year, as are also opportunities for the practical study of diseases of the eye, ear, throat, and skin, and for acquiring proficiency with the various instruments employed. For this purpose the third and fourth year classes are divided into sections, each of which receives direct personal instruction.

The course of instruction is so arranged as to permit mainly constant introduction of new material while retaining the repetition of essential subjects aimed at by the old methods. The laboratory instruction is so coördinated with the oral teaching as to illustrate the subjects of the lectures. Advanced students are encouraged to make original researches in the laboratories of pharmacy, chemistry, physiology, pathology, and experimental therapeutics.

The general details of the plan of instruction of the four years' course are as follows:

First year.-General Chemistry, Materia Medica and Pharmacy, Histology, Osteology, Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Medical History and Terminology, Physical Diagnosis, Bandaging, General Clinics (Medical and Surgical).

Second year.-Medical Chemistry, Anatomy, Applied Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Physical Diagnosis, Therapeutics, Surgery, Obstetrics, General Medical and Surgical Clinics.

Third year.-Applied Anatomy, Pathology, Therapeutics, Surgery, Ward Classes in Surgery, Minor Surgery and Fracture Dressings, Obstetrics, Practice of Medicine, Ward Classes in Medicine, Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Otology, Laryngology (Throat and Nose), General Clinics, Medical and Surgical, including Philadelphia Hospital; Special Clinics: Nervous Diseases, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Otology, Gynecology, Genito-Urinary Diseases.