upon the part of the State, looking toward enlarged usefulness in the conduct of the institution and the farther extension of its benefits among the people of Pennsylvania, and that the broad-minded and liberal policy adopted by Thomas Penn one hundred and forty years ago has been continued down to the present time. In the language of Gen. John F. Hartranft, himself a distinguished soldier, governor of the State, and president of the board of trustees, in an address at the inauguration of the hospital thus established, this policy is "in keeping with the generosity of the great State which gave this institution its corporate existence, and is to-day, and it is hoped always will be, proud of her offspring, the University of Pennsylvania."

When the impartial historian comes to record the many events in which Pennsylvania has reason to take great pride, not the least of them will be the fact that in her first constitution, that of 1776, she made it a part of the fundamental law that "all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities."

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CHAPTER VI.

THE RELATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE CITY.

As early as 1743, Franklin, as he tells us in his Autobiography, sketched a plan for a school designed by him to complete the series of those public institutions which he thought essential for promoting the prosperity of the Province. After the plan had been laid aside for a few years, in 1749, having obtained the coöperation of several of his friends, he printed a pamphlet entitled, Proposals Relative to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania, and took care that it should be extensively circulated. A meeting of the most influential citizens having been called, it was decided to organize au Academy, and 24 persons, among the most considerable of the Province, were associated together as a board of trustees to manage its concerns. This was on the 13th of November, 1749. These gentlemen raised among themselves and their friends toward the endowment of the Academy a subscription of £800 a year for five years. The corporation of the city, taking into consideration the numerous advantages the city would reap by such a seminary, voted £200 to be paid at once to the trustees, and £100 a year for five years. Such was the zeal of the trustees to begin their work, that they anticipated the payment of these subscriptions by borrowing for the use of the Academy on their joint bond, £800. They were fortunate in securing for the Academy the building which had been erected a few years before by the admirers of the Rev. George Whitefield. This building was erected for the charity school which was established in 1740, and incidentally to serve as a place of worship when that celebrated man should happen to be in Philadelphia, and need for his ministrations that convenient accommodation which had been refused him in the churches of the city. The enthusiasm excited by Whitefield considerably abated, the building had not been paid for, and an arrangement was made by which the property in Fourth street below Arch street was conveyed to the trustees of the Academy on their undertaking to pay the debt on the building, and agreeing that a portion of it should always be set apart for the occasional use of itinerant ministers. The alterations required to render the building suitable to its new purpose were so expensive that it was not until the beginning of the year 1751 that it was occupied by the Academy. Here Latin was taught by Dr. Francis Allison, English by David James Dove, and mathematics by

Theophilus Grew. Among the ushers or tutors was Charles Thomson, later the Secretary to the Continental Congress. The building secured, in December, 1749, it was announced that it would be opened by the trustees as "an Academy, wherein youth will be taught Latin, Greek, English, French, and German languages, together with history, geography, logic and rhetoric; also writing, arithmetic, merchants' accounts, geometry, algebra, surveying, gauging, navigation, astronomy, drawing in perspective, and other mathematical sciences, with natural and mechanical philosophy, etc., agreeable to the constitution heretofore published, at the rate of £1 per annum and 20 shillings entrance." On January 8, 175, the schools were opened by a formal visit from the governor and the trustees to hear a sermon from the Rev. Mr. Peters. The free school was opened in September. In August, Mr. Dove, one of the masters of the Academy, proposed to open a school for young ladies at 5 o'clock in the evening, to continue three hours, "in which," said the proposals, "will be carefully taught the English grammar, the true way of spelling and pronouncing properly, distinctly, and emphatically, together with fair writing, arithmetic and accounts. Price, 10 shillings entrance and 20 shillings per quarter."

The institution thus begun continued to flourish, and July 13, 1753, the proprietors granted it a charter, and from time to time contributed £3,000 in money and lands. On May 14, 1755, an additional charter created the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, with a faculty of the provost, vice-provost, and professors. From that time the College had to deal with the State rather than with the city, but at that time State and city had a much closer relation than at present. As it was not until 1870 that the city and the University were again brought into communication, it may be of interest to refer to the details of the first grant made by the city for the benefit of the institution which was later on to become a College and finally the University. The first charter was granted in July, 1753, and in May, 1754, Dr. William Smith entered on his duties as teacher of logic, rhetoric, and natural and moral philosophy. Under his leadership it advanced so rapidly that at his suggestion the Board of Trustees in December, 1754, applied for an additional charter, and in May, 1755, it became The College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, with the privilege of conferring degrees. The services of Provost Smith have been admirably set forth in an exhaustive address by one of his successors, Provost Stillé, whose own service in behalf of the University naturally recalls the great work done by Dr. Smith. Philadel phia may well point with pride to the succession of able men who have followed Provost Smith in the important and responsible post to which its first occupant gave such dignity by his position among his fellow citizens. In the "Minutes of the Common Council of Philadelphia, 1704-1776," Philadelphia, 1847, p. 524, under date of July 30, 1750, is the following record:

At a Common Council held at Philadelphia for the City of Philadelphia the 30th day of July, 1750. Present: Thomas Lawrence, Esqre., Mayor; William Allen, Esqre., Recorder; Samuel Hassell, Edward Shippen, Benj'n Shoemaker, Joseph Turner, Robert Strettal, Esquires, Aldermen. Septimus Robeson, John Stamper, Thos. Hopkinson, Tench Francis, Samuel Rhoads, Wm. Coleman, John Mifflin, Benjamin Franklin, Phineas Bond, Thos. Lawrence, Junr., George Mifflin, Common Council Men.

The Recorder acquainted the Board that there is a Design on Foot for the Erecting a Publick Academy and Charity School in this City, for instructing Youth in the several Branches of useful Learning, and that divers of the Inhabitants have subscribed liberally towards it; But as this Undertaking is attended with a great Expence in the Beginning, some further Assistance is necessary to carry it into Execution in the best Manner. And as this Corporation have a considerable Sum of Money in the Hands of their Treasurer, and have likewise an Income of about Three Hundred pounds p. annum, besides Fines and Forfeitures, the Recorder proposed that it might be considered, whether this Design for the Advancement of Learning be not worthy of some Encouragement from this Board, as their Circumstances may very well afford it. The Board having taken this Affair into Consideration, and it appearing to be a Matter of Consequence, and but a small Number of the Members now present, it was thought proper to referr the further Consideration thereof to the next Common Council: It is therefore Ordered, that the Members of this Board have notice to meet Tomorrow at four a Clock in the Afternoon, to consider of a Proposal of contributing a Sum of Money for the Encouragement of the Academy & Charity School now erecting in this City.

At a Common Council held at Philadelphia the 31st day of July, 1750. Present [in addition to those on the preceding day] Anthony Morris, William Plumsted, Esquires, Aldermen, Samuel McCall, junr., John Inglis, William Shippen, Thomas Bond, Nathl. Allen, Joseph Sims, John Wilcocks, Common Council Men.

The Board resumed the Consideration of the Proposal made at the last Common Council, of contributing a Sum of Money for the Encouragement of the Academy & Charity School now erecting in this city, and a Paper containing an Account of what is already done by the Trustees of the Academy, and what Advantages are expected from that Undertaking being laid before the Board, was read, and follows in these Words:

The Trustees of the Academy have already laid out near £800, in the Purchase of the Building, and will probably expend nearly as much more in fitting up Rooms for the Schools, & furnishing them with proper Books & Instruments for the Instruction of Youth. The greatest part of the Money paid & to be paid is subscribed by the Trustees themselves, and advanced by them; Many of whom have no children of their own to educate, but act from a View to the Publick Good, without Regard to sect or party. And they have engaged to open a Charity School within Two Years for the Instruction of Poor Children gratis, in Reading, writing and arithmetick, and the first Principles of Virtue and Piety. The Benefits expected from this Institution are:

1. That the Youth of Pensilvania may have an opportunity of receiving a good Education at home, and be under no necessity of going abroad for it; Whereby not only considerable Expense may be saved to the Country, but a stricter Eye may be had over their morals by their Friends and Relations.

2. That a number of our Natives will be hereby qualified to bear Magistracies, and execute other public offices of Trust, with Reputation to themselves & Country; There being at present great Want of Persons so qualified in the several Counties of this Province. And this is the more necessary now to be provided for by the English here, as vast Numbers of Foreigners are yearly imported among us, totally ignorant of our Laws, Customs and Language.

3. That a number of the poorer Sort will be hereby qualified to act as Schoolmasters in the Country, to teach Children Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and the Gram