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At Southampton, in St. Michael's Church, is the monument of Lord Chancellor Wriothesley. In All Saints Church, lie the remains of the Circumnavigator Captain Carteret, and of Brian Edwards, the historian of the West Indies, who lived at Springfield near this town.-In Holyroodchurch, is a monument by Rysbrach, in memory of Miss Eliz. Stanley, with an inscription by Thomson, who has also celebrated her in "The Seasons." At Twyford was a Catholic seminary, where Pope was partly educated. In the Church is an excellent bust, by Noliekens, of Dr. Jonathan Shipley, Bp. of St. Asaph.

At Watcombe near Brokenhurst, for 3 years resided the philanthropist Howard.

Wickham Parsonage-house, was the retreat of Dr. Warton, Master of Winchester College, and editor of Pope.

By an ordonnance of Edgar's, to prevent fraud, one measure was estab lished for the whole kingdom, and the standard vessel being kept at Winches ter was the origin of the term "Winchester measure."-St. Swithin, at his own previous solicitation, was buried in the church-yard, instead of the chan cel of his cathedral, and when an order was obtained to remove his relicks into the choir, a most violent shower of rain fell on the destined day, and continued for the 39 successive days without intermission, in consequence of which, the idea of removal was abandoned as displeasing to St. Swithin, though the Saint afterwards relented, and suffered his bones to be taken from the cemetery and lodged among the remains of the other Bishops in the year 1093.-The vulgar adage, that we shall have 40 days continuance of wet weather, whenever rain falls on St. Swithin's festival (July 15), doubtless arose from this presumed supernatural circumstance.

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IF the follow of observant or of

interest to any of the various classes of your Readers, the Writer will feel happy in their insertion.

E. P.

GREATNESS OF MIND. Greatness, as connected with human affairs, and as it directs human actions, adinits of a variety of interpretations, as the mind of the individual is more or less enlightened, or as those springs which generally determine the will have been properly trained and directed.

Among those in whom wealth or power has obtained an ascendancy, and whose real possessions seem to have given them an imaginary right over their fellow mortals, ostenta tion forms the notion of greatness; and a cruel display of superiority, with which fortune, not right, had invested them, is sometimes mistaken for acts which shall reflect honour and dignity on their name. To these erroneous notions of its real meaning or import, may be ascribed so great a proportion of folly and ridiculous display which has generally characterized the Courts of Princes and the asylums of worldly grandeur.-It has been supposed that the higher stations in life are more frequently produc

BYRO.

tive of generosity of spirit, than the middle and lower rauks; and that if

elevation of soul is not consequent

upon nobility of birth, the superior advantages of education and example, which are supposed to attend them, are in a greater degree effective of a refinement in sentiment, and a comprehension of view, than among those of meaner extraction. This hypothesis, although it may sometimes serve to regulate a general principle, is by no means without very numerous exceptions, It will, upon a reference to the history of all ages, be found that the most disinterested actions have ennobled those whose birth was obscure, and whose education was lamentably deficient and that even among the rudest and most upcivilized part of mankind, bright examples of heroism and elevated sentiments have occasionally shone forth in striking, but savage colours-examples, which have proved, that if ameliorated by laws and by religion, the untutored inhabitant of the desert is in no wise inferior to those whom the world are wont to respect and obey. These sentiments appear to be wholly irrespective of birth, or of the adventitious gifts of fortunethey ornament the palace, they shed a lustre round the cottage; this dif ference only may be remarked, that

where

where they emanate from the wealthy or the great, they move in a sphere of higher splendour, and are transmitted to posterity in the most imposing colours; whereas, when they occur in humble life, unless they exhibit some very extraordinary feature, they pass unnoticed, or in comparative insignificancy.

In reviewing the actions of princes, how different are the principles which rule in the breasts of those whom History has celebrated, with regard to true glory! The Egyptian Sesostris, after a career of conquest greater and more extensive, perhaps, than Alexander himself, in order to shew his despotic authority, and to exhibit at the same time the magnificence of his name, was wont, we are told in ancient story, whenever he entered his capital, to order the Sovereigns of the nations he had conquered to be harnessed to his car like horses, and is said to have valued himself upon being drawn by the princes and potentates of other nations. How unlike was this despicable piece of vanity to the conduct of an illustrious warrior in our own history under similar circumstances! When, after the battle of Poictiers, our amiable Black Prince had covered himself with the laurels of well-earned glory, when his military talents stood as high in the eyes of his admiring countrymen as those of Sesostris among the Egyptians, mark his behaviour. Having taken Philip of France prisoner, with the chief of his nobles, he treated him with all the pomp and the respect which was due to a great but unfortunale Monarch. Indignantly spurning every thing which should appear to add insult to the fallen fortunes of his adversary, he introduced him to his royal father more with the dignity and state of one his superior in rank, than with the humiliating air generally used to a vanquished rival. He appeared in his capital mounted on a small and meanly accoutred poney, while his royal guest paraded by his side on a charger richly caparisoned, and adorned with all the insignia of royalty. He even, whilst he sat at table, supplied him with necessaries, as in the character of a menial domestic,-anxious to relieve the shame which of necessity attend GENT. MAG. June, 1817.

ed him in his adversity, and to acquaint him in terms more forcible than language, that in a conqueror he had found a friend. What a pattern for posterity! These were exalted sentiments, worthy of a prince's greatness of mind, which brought its own reward, in securing the gratitude and the affections of those whom the fortune of war had delivered into his bands by ties permanent and indissoluble.

Illustrious prince! - No base or sordid ostentation-ostentation which too frequently sullies the highest alchievements, could for a moment induce him to treat a captive with indignity.

From the example of Edward as contrasted with that of Sesostris, may be inferred, that greatness of soul, that high and delicate sense of feeling here spoken of, is not dependent upon age, civilization, or human grandeur; it is the gift of Nature, or of "Nature's God."-Upon glancing our eyes upon various passages in history, we find monarchs and even private individuals of equal talents and intellectual resource, giving proofs that their minds were formed in a mould differently capacious; and that among those who are favoured with an equal share of ability for the execution of great schemes, enlargement of heart and of moral thinking are bestowed in inadequate proportions. It is a truth not yet sufficiently attended to in a practical sense, that as in the walk of life the best policy is disinterestedness, so among monarchs brilliant and imposing military atchievements do not render them truly estimable, if unadorned by these nobler sentiments: they may be able warriors, they may be splendid princes, but they will not be great men. What lessons does not Antiquity hold forth to our view in this particular! It abundantly inculcates that the more this elevation of thinking is diffused amongst a people, in such a proportion does it rise from mediocrity to eminence and grandeur.-It is not to our own country alone, -bright as some of her examples have been,— that we are to look for greatness of mind. In the infancy of ancient Rome instances were not only frequent, but they broke forth occasion ally with very powerful effect. - Not

singly,

singly, but in accumulated succession, did their worthies rise, for the vindication of their national liberties and the extension of their name, they descended from the throne of dignity to the most laborious, and sometimes to the meanest offices; they were raised suddenly from the plough to dictatorial honours; actuated by one common motive of their country's good, and occasionally, it may be assumed, by a yet higher sense of the true nobility of great actions. These were not mere warriors; they were something of a higher description; they must ever class in a rank to which valour alone and military skill can never attain; and as their country quickly surmounted all obstacles, and implanted her conquests and her arts into the most distant parts of the globe, the individual in whom like noble sentiments prevail will, if known, command a proportionate respect among men, and rise in a certain degree to the scale in which nature intended him to move. E. P.

Mr. URBAN,

TH

March 7. HAT impartiality, generally speaking, in an Editor of a Periodical Publication, is praise-worthy, there can be little doubt; but this impartiality ought not to be so far adhered to as to permit the admission of communications tending to corrupt the morals of mankind. This observation is occasioned by the opposite sentiments of writers in your Magazine, respecting the Plays acted at Westminster School. Whether or not Plays of any kind should be performed by School-boys (or others) is not under consideration at present. A Correspondent, N. in your Supplement 1812, ii. p. 626. makes this remark on one of the Plays acted at Westminster; "That such a Play should make a part of the course of education, should be taught by Christian Clergymen to boys, whose improvement in morals should be an object at least as anxiously attended to as their improvement in Latin, I have long wondered: that it should be selected for a public exhibition in the preparation for which every passage must have been carefully studied, every allusion interpreted, every scene pictured to the imagination, is matter of astonishment indeed." Let these, in my opinion just remarks,

be examined with those of your Correspondent A. J. K. Dec. 1816, p. 514 -517, made on the very same performance; and let the Reader deler. mine which remarks are most conducive to morality. I cannot lay my haud at present on a letter which appeared some time ago in your Miscellany, recommending the publication of a Collection of the Prologues and Epilogues to the Plays acted at Westminsterschool. Surely the writer of it cannot, if he has the good of the rising generation at heart, wish that an Epilogue (once performed there), in which, if I mistake not, one of the scholars acted the part of the Mistress of a Brothel, and another that of a Prostitute, should be inserted in the collection!

Now, I will ask one question, and then conclude. Would not the Managers of Schools for educating the children of the lower classes of society, if they taught the boys to act an English translation of the abovemen. tioned Epilogue, be considered as persons totally unfit for training up youth, and as dangerous members of A-2. society?

Regulations of the Penitentiary at MILLBANK.

Teat Millbank, at first intendHE general Penitentiary for Con

ed for London and Middlesex, has been sufficiently enlarged, in the com pletion of the buildings, to be extended to the reception of offenders convicted in other parts of England and Wales. The Privy Council ap pointed a Committee for its manage ment; and the Act passed on the 22d of June last instituted regulations upon which the interior discipline and goverament of its inhabitants are to be conducted.

The Supervisors are authorized to provide accommodation for 400 males and 400 females; subject to the approbation of the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

The Committee are to consist of not less than 10, or more than 20 persons, and to be removeable at the pleasure of the Council.

The Committee are empowered to make bye-laws and regulations for their own order, for the government of the house, and for any thing re lative to the convicts; which bye

laws

laws are first to be submitted to the Court of King's Bench, and to be subscribed by a declaration that they are not contrary to law, and subject to future alterations.

Three of the Committee constitute a quorum; they are to appoint one or more Visitors from their Committee; to visit during the intervals of their meetings, with authority to give any directions in cases of pressing urgency, which are to be afterwards reported.

The Committee are also to ap point a Governor, a Chaplain, a Secretary and Examiner of Accounts, a Surgeon or Apothecary, a Master Manufacturer, a Steward; and for the females a Matron, with task-masters and servants; removeable by the Committee, and with proper salaries. These may be encreased, diminished, or varied in number by the Committee, except the offices of Governor, Matron, Chaplain, and Surgeon or Apothecary. Security for their fidelity may be required; and if on removal from office they refuse to deliver up possession of their apartments, the Sheriff is empowered to clear the possession as if there had been judgment in ejectment. The Governor is constituted a body corporate, to sue and be sued by the naine of "The Governor of the General Penitentiary at Millbank, in the county of Middlesex."

He is to contract for clothing, diet, necessaries, implements, materials, manufacture or trade, with approbation of the Committee, and to carry on such manufacture or trade, and sell the goods manufactured; to keep books for inspection of the Committee, on oath; and if they suspect any improper charges, they may examine him or the servants on oath, or any vender of materials or purchaser of goods; and in cases of fraud or collusion, the Committee may, besides the private satisfaction in damages to be recovered by law, dismiss the officer and appoint another: and may prefer an indictment to the next Quartersessions, who are authorized to punish by fine and imprisonment at their discretion.

Upon the completion of the Penitentiary for reception of Convicts, the Secretary of State was empowered to direct that any person under sentence of transportation, who, upon surgical examination, was free from any putrid

or infectious distemper, and fit to be removed from prison, may be sent to this Penitentiary for 5 years, if under sentence for 7 years only; and for 7 years, if under sentence of 14 years; and for 10 years, if under sentence for life.

If the 7 years convict has been any time in prison, he is to be confined here for 5-7th parts of the residue of the term-excluding any fractional part of a week: a 14 years convict is to remain here half the residue of his term, exclusive of any fractional parts of a day-and a convict for life, is to remain here 10 years from the date of reception.

Upon reception, the Sheriff or Gaoler is to deliver in writing copy of sentence, and certificate of age, behaviour in prison before and after conviction; observation on temper and disposition, and such information concerning connexions and former course of life as may have come to the Gaoler's knowledge; and the Governor is to give a receipt, discharging the Sheriff or Gaoler. The expences of which removal are chargeable on the county where the prisoner was convicted.

The Governor has the same power over the convicts as the Sheriff has in any other county, and is liable to the same punishment for abuse or misbehaviour of office as any other Gaoler.

In cases of insanity, the Secretary of State may order the convict to be removed to some proper place of confinement, and after recovery to be returned, as in like cases in other gaols.

Upon reception of any convict at the Penitentiary, he is separately lodged and washed, and continues separated until the surgeon certifies hun fit to be removed among the other convicts, or to the Infirmary; and the Governor may burn or sell the clothes and account for the produce to the convict's account in the books;

the convict is not to be discharged at the end of his term if he labour under any acute or dangerous d stemper, unless at his request; and then such decent clothing shall be given to him, and such money for his immediate subsistence, as the Committee shall think proper, not exceeding 37. and if he can then procure any substantial housekeeper or respectable

person

person to take him into his service or employment for one year, and he serve out that year, he is entitled to some further sum not exceeding 37. as the Committee may think fit.

The Governor is to keep the convicts at labour, and provide instruction, and be separated or work together in companies, as the Committee prescribe; and during the hours of rest be separately lodged, except where it may be necessary to keep two or more together on account of the state of health or mind of one of such prisoners.

Sundays, Christmas-day, GoodFriday, Ascension - day, Fast and Thanksgiving-days appointed, and ill-health, are days of rest; and the hours of every other day for work are 8 hours in November, December, and January; 9 hours in February and October; and 10 in the other months, exclusive of meal-times: and the Committee may permit any convict to labour longer voluntarily.

The Committee may allow, as a reward, any part of the profits of their labour as the Secretary of State may approve; subject to conditions. They are divided into two classes; for which purpose the time of confinement is so divided; and during the first part of the imprisonment, he is ranked of the first class; and during the second part, of the second class:-the first more strict, the second more moderate; but any extraordinary diligence in the first, may lead the Committee to transfer him to the second class for the rest of his term: and the Committee may report any extraordinary diligence or merit in the second class to the Secretary of State, that he may be recommended to royal mercy, on conditions.

They are fed with coarse but wholesome food, and clothed with coarse and uniform apparel; with marks to distinguish them in case of escape: and none of them shall be permitted to have any other food or clothing.

No person, except officers' servants, or others, according to the Committee's regulations, are permitted to enter any of the apartments or Court yards allotted to the convicts, or to hold conversation or communication with any of them. The Governor may employ those of the second class as assistants in management of the works, and care of the rest, instead

of being confined to their daily labour.

No money, diet, or clothing, or li quors, except what are ordered, to be supplied by any servant on pain of dismissal from office, and fine not exceeding 101. nor by any other person on penalty of 101. nor less than 40s.

The Chaplain reads prayers and preaches twice on the Holydays abovementioned, and all the convicts not confined by illness, and all the resident officers attend; and he also visits them for their moral and religious education: he also baptizes, buries, and administers the commu nion, and transmits to the Incumbent of St. John, Westminster, a copy of his registry, and allowance is made for every entry in that parish register.

The convicts walk in the yards or grounds as health requires. In case of real sickness, they are placed in the Infirmary, and their names entered in a book for that purpose; and there remains under the Surgeon's care until well enough to be removed to his cell and to his labour.

The Committee at every meeting examine into the whole state of the Penitentiary, conduct, management, behaviour, &c.

The Governor hears any complaints of a petty nature, and may punish by a dark cell and bread and water for three days. Great offences are examined by the Committee, who add to the above punishment that ofremoving from the second to the first class; and there to remain until restored, or until the end of his term.

The Committee may for these purposes call and swear witnesses, and fine them for refusal.

The Governor keeps a book of age, bodily estate, behaviour, death, escape, discharge, &c. and delivers a copy on the first day of every Term to the Court of King's Bench on oath, and the Committee report to the Council, and to Parliament, at the beginning of every Session, of the state of the buildings, and conduct of officers and convicts; and in cases of extreme and pressing necessity, a special report to the Court of King's Bench, and of all bye-laws and regulations to the Council, within 31 days after the commencement of the next Session after their confirmation by the Court.

The

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