1816.] General Treaty of Vienna. this side shall be re-established such as they were before the date of the said treaty. VI. The town of Cracow, with its territory, is declared to be for ever a free, independent, and strictly neutral city, under the protection of Austria, Russia, and Prussia. VII. The territory of the free town of Cracow shall have for its frontier upon the left bank of the Vistula, a line, which, beginning at the spot near the village of Woliça, where a stream falls into the. Vistula, shall ascend this stream by Clo, and Koscielniki as far as Czulice, so that these villages may be included in the district of the free town of Cracow; from thence passing along the frontiers of these villages, the line shall continue by Dziekanovice, Garlice, Tomaszou, Karniowice, which shall also remain in the territory of Cracow, to the point where the limit begins which separates the district of Krzeszowice from that of Olkusz; from thence it shall follow this limit between the two said provinces, till it reaches the frontiers of Silesian Prussia. VIII. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, wishing particularly to facilitate as much as possible on his part, the commercial relations and good neighbourhood between Gallicia and the free towns of Cracow, grants for ever to the town of Podgorze the privileges of a free commercial town, such as are enjoyed by the town of Brody. This liberty of commerce shall extend to a distance of 500 toises from the barrier of the suburbs of the town of Podgorze. In consequence of this perpetual concession, which nevertheless shall not affect the rights of sovereignty of his imperial and royal Apostolic Majesty, the Austrian custom houses shall be established only in places situated beyond that limit. No military establishment shall be formed that can menace the neutrality of Cracow, or obstruct the liberty of commerce which his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty grants to the town and district of Podgorze. IX. The courts of Russia, Austria, and Prussia engage to respect, and to cause to be always respected, the neutrality of the free town of Cracow and its territory. No armed force shall be introduced upon any pretence whatever. On the other hand it is understood and expressly stipulated that no asylum shall be afforded in the free town and territory of Cracow, to fugitives, deserters and persons under prosecution, belonging to the country of either of the high powers aforesaid; and in the event of the demand of their surrender by the competent authorities, such individuals shall be arrested and given up without delay, and conveyed, under a proper escort, to the guard appointed to receive them at the fron tier. X. The dispositions of the constitution of the free town of Cracow, concerning the academy, the bishopric and chapter of that 261 town, such as they are specified in the 7th, 15th, 16th, and 17th articles of the additional treaty relative to Cracow, which is annexed to the present general treaty, shall have the same force and validity as if they were textually inserted in this act. XI. A full, general, and special amnesty shall be granted in favour of all individuals, of whatever rank, sex, or condition they may be. XII. In consequence of the preceding ar ticle, no person in future shall be prosecuted or disturbed, in any manner, by reason of any participation, direct or indirect, at any time, in the political, civil, or military events in Poland. All proceedings, suits, or prosecutions are considered as null, the sequestrations and provisional confiscations shall be taken off, and every act promulgated on this ground shall be of no effect. XIII. From these general regulations on the subject of confiscations are excepted all those cases in which edicts or sentences, finally pronounced, have already been fully executed, and have not been annulled by subsequent events. XIV. The principles established for the free navigation of rivers and canals, in the whole extent of ancient Poland, as well as for the trade to the ports, for the circulation of articles the growth and produce of the different Polish provinces, and for the commerce, relative to goods in transitu, such as they are specified in the 24th, 25th, 26th, 28th, and 29th articles of the treaty between Austria and Russia, and in the 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 28th, and 29th articles of the treaty between Russia and Prussia, shall be invariably maintained. XV, His Majesty the King of Saxony renounces in perpetuity for himself, and all his descendants and successors, in favour of his Majesty the King of Prussia, all his right and title to the provinces, districts, and territories, or parts of territories, of the kingdom of Saxony, hereafter named; and his majesty the King of Prussia shall possess those countries in complete govereignty and property, and shall unite them to his monarchy. The districts and territories thus ceded, shall be separated from the rest of the kingdom of Saxony by a line, which henceforth shall form the frontier between the Prussian and Saxon territories, so that all that is comprised in the limit formed by this line, shall be restored to his majesty the king of Saxony; but his majesty renounces all those districts and territories that are situated beyond that line, and which belonged to him before the war. The line shall begin from the frontiers of Bohemia near Wiese, in the neighbourhood of Seidenberg, following the stream of the river Wittich, until its junction with the Neisse. From the Neisse it shall pass to the circle of Eigen, between Tauchritz, which shall belong to Prussia, and Bertschoff, 262 General Treaty of Vienna. which shall remain to Saxony; then it shall follow the northern frontier of the circle of Eigen, to the angle between Pulsdorf and Ober-Schland; thence it shall be continued to the limits that separate the circle of Görlitz from that of Bautzen, in such a manner that Ober-Mettel and Neider Schland-Olich, and Radewitz remain in the possession of Saxony. The great post-road between Görlitz and Bautzen shall belong to Prussia, as far as the limits of the said circles. Then the line shall follow the frontier of the circle to Dubraucke; it shall then extend upon the heights to the right of the Löbauer-Wasser, so that this rivulet, with its two banks, and the places upon them, as far as Neudorf, shall remain, with this village, to Saxony. The line shall then fall again upon the Spree, and the Schwarz-Wasser, Liska, Hermsdorf, Ketten, and Solahdorf, are assigned to Prussia. From the Schwarze Elster, near Solchdorf, a right line shall be drawn to the frontier of the lordship of Königsbrück, near Grossgrabchen. This lordship remains to Saxony, and the line shall follow its northern boundary as far as the bailiwick of Grossenhayn, in the neighbour hood of Ortrand; Ortrand, and the road from that place by Mersdorf, Stolzenhayn, and Gröbeln, to Mühlberg, (with the villages on that road, so that no part of it remain beyond the Prussian territory) shall be under the government of Prussia. The frontier from Gröbeln shall be traced to the Elbe near Fichtenberg, and then shall follow the bailiwick of Mühlberg. Fichtenberg shall be the property of Prussia. From the Elbe to the frontier of the country of Merseburg, it shall be so regulated that the bailiwicks of Torgau, Eilenburg, and Delitsch, shall pass to Prussia, while those of Oschatz, Wurzen, and Leipsic, shall remain to Saxony. The line shall follow the frontier of these bailiwicks, dividing some inclosures and demi-inclosures. The road from Mühlberg to Eilenburg shall be wholly within the Prussian territory. From Podelw.tz (belonging to the bailiwick of Leipsic, and remaining to Saxony) as far as Eytra, which also remains to her, the line shall divide the country of Merseburg in such a manner that Breitenfeld, Haenichen,. Gross and Klein-Dolzig, Mark-Ranstädt, and Knaut-Nauendorf, remain to Saxony; and Modelwitz, Skeuditz, Klein Liebenau, Alt Ramstadt, Schkohlen and Zietschen, pass to Prussia. From thence the line shall divide the bailiwick of Pegau, between the Floss graben and the Weisse-Elster; the former, from the point where it separates itself above the town of Crossen (which forms part of the bailiwick of Haynsburg) from the Weisse Elster, to the point where it joins the Saa' below the town of Merseburg, shall belong, in its whole course between those two towns, with both its banks, to the Prussian territory. From thence, where the frontier touches upon that of the country of [April 1, Zeitz, the line shall follow it as far as the boundary of the country of Altenburg, near Luckau. The frontiers of the circle of Neustadt, which wholly falls under the dominion of Prussia, remain untouched. The inclosures of Voigtland, in the district of Reuss, that is to say Gefall, Blintendorf, Sparenberg, and Blankenberg, are comprised in the share of Prussia. XVI. The provinces and districts of the kingdom of Saxony, which are transferred to the dominion of his majesty the king of Prussia, shall be distinguished by the name of the Duchy of Saxony, and his majesty shall add to his titles those of Duke of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia, Margrave of the two Lusatias, and Count of Henneberg. His majesty the king of Saxony shall continue to bear the title of Margrave of Upper Lusatia. His majesty shall also continue, with relation to, and in virtue of his right of eventual succession to the possessins of the Ernestine branch, to bear the title of Landgrave of Thuringia and Count of Henneberg. XVII. Austria, Russia, Great Britain, and France, guarantee to his Majesty the King of Prussia, his descendants and successors, the possession of the countries marked out in the 15th article, in full property and sovereignty. XVIII. His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty wishing to give to the king of Prussia a fresh proof of his desire to remove every object of future discussion between their two courts, renounces for himself and his successors, his rights of sovereignty ove the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia, which belonged to him as king of Bohemia, as far as these rights concern the portion of these provinces placed under the dominion of his majesty the king of Prussia, by virtue of the treaty with his majesty the king of Saxony, concluded at Vienna on the 18th May, 1813. As to the right of reversion of his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty to the said portion of the Lusatias united to Prussia, it is transferred to the house of Brandenburg now reigning in Prussia, his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty reserving to himself and his successors the power of resuming that right, in the event of the extinction of the said reigning house. His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty renounces also, in favour of his Prussian majesty, the districts of Bohemia inclosed within the part of Upper Lusatia ceded by the treaty of the 18th May, 1815, to his Prussian majesty, which districts comprehend the places of Güntersdorf, Taubentränte, Neukretschen, NiederGerlachsheim, Winkel, and Ginkel, with their territories. XIX. His Majesty the King of Prussia and his Majesty the King of Saxony, wishing particularly to remove every object of future contest or dispute, renounce, each on his own part, and reciprocally in favour of one 1816.] General Treaty of Vienna. another, all feudal rights or pretensions, which they might exercise or might have exercised, beyond the frontiers fixed by the present Treaty. XX. His Majesty the King of Prussia promises to direct that proper care be taken, relative to whatever may affect the property and interests of the respective subjects, upon the most liberal principles. The present article shall be observed, particularly, with regard to the concerns of those individuals who possess property both under the Prussian and Saxon governments, to the commerce of Leipsic, and to all other objects of the same nature; and, in order that the individual liberty of the inhabitants, both of the ceded and other provinces, may not be infringed, they shall be allowed to emigrate from one territory to the other, without being exempted, however, from military service, and after fulfilling the formalities required by the laws. They may also remove their property without being subject to any fine or drawback. XXI. The communities, corporations and religious establishments, and those for public instruction in the provinces ceded by his Majesty the King of Saxony to Prussia, or in the provinces and districts remaining to his Saxon majesty, shall preserve their property, whatever changes they may undergo, as well as the rents becoming due to them, according to the act of their foundation, or which they have acquired by legal title since that period under the Prussian and Saxon governments; and neither party shall interfere in the administration and in the collection of the revenues, provided that they be conducted in a manner conformable to the laws, and that the charges be defrayed, to which all property or rents of the like nature are subjected, in the territory in which they occur. XXII. No individual domiciliated in the provinces which are under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Saxony, any more than an individual domiciliated in those which by the present treaty pass under the dominion of the King of Prussia, shall be molested in his person, his property, rents, pensions, or revenues of any kind, in his rank or dignitics, nor be prosecuted or called to account in any manner, for any part which he, either in a civil or military capacity, may have taken in the events that have occurred since the commencement of the war, terminated by the Peace concluded at Paris on the 30th of May, 1814. This article equally extends to those who, not being domiciliated in either part of Saxony, may possess in it landed property, rents, pensions, or revenues of any kind. XXIII. His Majesty the King of Prussia, having in consequence of the last war, re-assumed the possession of the provinces and territories which had been ceded by the Peace of Tilsit, it is acknowledged and declared by the present article that his Majesty, his heirs 263 and successors, shall possess anew, as formerly, in full property and sovereignty, the following countries, that is to say: Those of his ancient provinces of Poland specified by article II.; the city of Dantzie and its territory, as the latter was determined by the treaty of Tilsit; the circle of Cottbus ; the Old March; the part of the circle of Magdeburg, situated on the left bank of the Elbe, together with the circle of the Saale; the principality of Halberstadt, with the lordships of Derenburg, and of Hassenrode; the town and territory of Quedlinburg, (save and except the rights of her Royal lighness the Princess Sophia Albertine of Sweden, Abbess of Quedlinburg, conformably to the arrangements made in 1803 ;) the Prussian part of the county of Mansfeld; the Prussian part of the county of Hohenstein; the Eichsfeld; the town of Nordhausen with its territory; the town of Mühlhausen with its territory; the Prussian part of the district of Treffurt with Dosla ; the town and territory of Erfurth, with the exception of Klein-Brembach and Balstedt, inclosed in the principality of Weimar, ceded to the Grand-Duke of Saxe Weimar by 29th article; the bailiwick of Wandersleben, belonging to 'he county of Untergleichen; the principality of Paderborn, with the Prussian part of the bailiwicks of Schwallenberg, Oldenberg and Stoppelberg, and the jurisdictions of Hagendorn and Odenhausen, situated in the territory of Lippe; the county of Mark, with the part of Lippstadt belonging to it; the county of Werden; the county of Essen; the part of the duchy of Cleves on the right bank of the Rhine, with the town and fortress of Wesel; the part of the duchy, situated on the left bank, specified in article 25th; the secularized chapter of Elten; the principality of Munster, that is to say, the Prussian part of the former bishoprick of Munster, with the exception of that part which has been ceded to his Britannic Majesty, King of Hanover, in virtue of the 28th article; the secularized provostship of Cappenburg; the county of Tecklenberg; the county of Lingen, with the exception of that part ceded to the kingdom of Hanover by article 27th; the principality of Minden; the county of Ravensberg; the secularised chapter of Herford; the principality of Neufchatel, with the county of Valengin, such as their frontiers are regulated by the Treaty of Paris, and by the 76th article of this general treaty. The same disposition extends to the rights of sovereignty and suzeraine'é over the county of Wernigerode, to that of high protection over the county of Hohen-Limburg, and to all the other rights or pretentions whatsoever which his Prussian Majesty possessed and exercised, before the peace of Tilsit, and which he has not renounced by other treaties, acts or conventions. XXIV. His Majesty the King of Prussia shall unite to his monarchy in Germany, on GENERAL TREATY, [ 260 ] STATE PAPERS. Signed in Congress at Vienna, June 1, 1815. In the Name of the Most Holy and THE Powers who signed the treaty con- Such of the above plenipotentiaries as have assisted at the close of the negotiations, after having produced their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed to place in the said general instrument the following articles, and to affix to them their signatures. Art. I The duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of the provinces and districts which are otherwise disposed of by the following articles, is united to the Russian empire, to which it shall be irrevocably attached by its constitution, and be possessed by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his heirs, and successors in perpetuity. His Imperial Majesty reserves to himself to give to this state, enjoying a distinct administration, the interior improvement which he shall judge proper. He shall assume with his other titles that of Czar, King of Poland, agreeably to the form established for the titles attached to his other possessions. The Poles, who are respective subjects of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, shall obtain a representation and national institutions, regulated according to the degree of political consideration, that each of the governments to which they belong shall judge expedient and proper to grant them. II. The part of the duchy of Warsaw which his Majesty the King of Prussia shall possess in full sovereignty and property, for himself, his heirs, and successors, under the title of the Grand Duchy of Posen, shall [April 1, be comprised within the following line :Proceeding from the frontier of Eastern Prussia to the village of Neuhoff, the new limit shall follow the frontier of Western Prussia, such as it subsisted from 1772 to the peace of Tilsit, to the village of Leibitsch, which shall belong to the duchy of Warsaw; from thence shall be drawn a line, which, leaving Kompania, Grabowice, and Szczytno to Prussia, passes the Vistula near the lastmentioned place, from the other side of the river, which falls into the Vistula opposite Szczytno, to the ancient limit of the district of the Netze, near Gross Opoczko, so that Sluzewo shall belong to the duchy, and Przylianowa, Hollander, and Maciejewo, to Prussia. From Gross Opoczko it shall pass by Chlewiska, which shall remain to Prussia, to the village of Przybyslaw, and from thence by the villages of Piaski, Chelmce, Witowiczki, Kobylinka, Woyezyn, Orchowa, to From Powidz it shall the town of Powidz. continue by the town of Slupee to the point of confluence of the rivers Wartha and Prosna. From this point it shall re-ascend the course of the river Prosna to the village of Koscielnawics, to within one league of the town of Kalisch. Then leaving to that town (on the side of the left bank of the Prosna) a semi-circular territory measured upon the distance from Koscielnawies to Kalisch, the line shall return to the course of the Prosna, and shall continue to follow it, re-ascending by the towns of Grabow, Wieruszow, Boleslawiee, so as to terminate near the village of Gola, upon the frontier of Silesia opposite Pitschin. III. His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty shall possess, in full property and sovereignty, the salt-mines of Wieliczka, and the territory thereto belonging. IV. The way or bed of the Vistula shall separate Gallicia from the territory of the free town of Cracow. It shall serve at the same time as the frontier between Gallicia and that part of the ancient duchy of Warsaw united to the states of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, as far as the vicinity of the town of Zavichost. From Zavichost to the Bug, the dry frontier shall be determined by the line drawn in the treaty of Vienna of 1809, excepting such modifications as by common consent may be thought necessary to be introduced. The frontier from the Bug shall be re-established on this side between the two empires such as it was before the said treaty. V. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias cedes to his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty the districts which have been separated from Eastern Gallicia in consequence of the treaty of Vienna of 1809, from the circles of Zloozow, Brzezan, Tar.. nopole, and Zalesczk; and the frontiers on 1816.] General Treaty of Vienna. this side shall be re-established such as they were before the date of the said treaty. VI. The town of Cracow, with its territory, is declared to be for ever a free, independent, and strictly neutral city, under the protection of Austria, Russia, and Prussia. VII. The territory of the free town of Cracow shall have for its frontier upon the left bank of the Vistula, a line, which, beginning at the spot near the village of Woliça, where a stream falls into the. Vistula, shall ascend this stream by Clo, and Koscielniki as far as Czulice, so that these villages may be included in the district of the free town of Cracow; from thence passing along the frontiers of these villages, the line shall continue by Dziekanovice, Garlice, Tomaszou, Karniowice, which shall also remain in the territory of Cracow, to the point where the limit begins which separates the district of Krzeszowice from that of Olkusz; from thence it shall follow this limit between the two said provinces, till it reaches the frontiers of Silesian Prussia. VIII. His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, wishing particularly to facilitate as much as possible on his part, the commercial relations and good neighbourhood between Gallicia and the free towns of Cracow, grants for ever to the town of Podgorze the privileges of a free commercial town, such as are enjoyed by the town of Brody. This liberty of commerce shall extend to a distance of 500 toises from the barrier of the suburbs of the town of Podgorze. In consequence of this perpetual concession, which nevertheless shall not affect the rights of sovereignty of his imperial and royal Apostolic Majesty, the Austrian custom houses shall be established only in places situated beyond that limit. No military establishment shall be formed that can menace the neutrality of Cracow, or obstruct the liberty of commerce which his Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty grants to the town and district of Podgorze. IX. The courts of Russia, Austria, and Prussia engage to respect, and to cause to be always respected, the neutrality of the free town of Cracow and its territory. No armed force shall be introduced upon any pretence whatever. On the other hand it is understood and expressly stipulated that no asylum shall be afforded in the free town and territory of Cracow, to fugitives, deserters and persons under prosecution, belonging to the country of either of the high powers aforesaid; and in the event of the demand of their surrender by the competent authorities, such individuals shall be arrested and given up without delay, and conveyed, under a proper escort, to the guard appointed to receive them at the fron tier. X. The dispositions of the constitution of the free town of Cracow, concerning the academy, the bishopric and chapter of that 261 town, such as they are specified in the 7th, 15th, 16th, and 17th articles of the additional treaty relative to Cracow, which is annexed to the present general treaty, shall have the same force and validity as if they were textually inserted in this act. XI. A full, general, and special amnesty shall be granted in favour of all individuals, of whatever rank, sex, or condition they may be. XII. In consequence of the preceding ar ticle, no person in future shall be prosecuted or disturbed, in any manner, by reason of any participation, direct or indirect, at any time, in the political, civil, or military events in Poland. All proceedings, suits, or prosecutions are considered as null, the sequestrations and provisional confiscations shall be taken off, and every act promulgated on this ground shall be of no effect. XIII. From these general regulations on the subject of confiscations are excepted all those cases in which edicts or sentences, finally pronounced, have already been fully executed, and have not been annulled by subsequent events. XIV. The principles established for the free navigation of rivers and canals, in the whole extent of ancient Poland, as well as for the trade to the ports, for the circulation of articles the growth and produce cf the different Polish provinces, and for the commerce, relative to goods in transitu, such as they are specified in the 24th, 25th, 26th, 28th, and 29th articles of the treaty between Austria and Russia, and in the 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 28th, and 29th articles of the treaty between Russia and Prussia, shall be invariably maintained. XV. His Majesty the King of Saxony renounces in perpetuity for himself, and all his descendants and successors, in favour of his Majesty the King of Prussia, all his right and title to the provinces, districts, and territories, or parts of territories, of the kingdom of Saxony, hereafter named; and his majesty the King of Prussia shall possess those countries in complete govereignty and property, and shall unite them to his monarchy. The districts and territories thus ceded, shall be separated from the rest of the kingdom of Saxony by a line, which henceforth shall form the frontier between the Prussian and Saxon territories, so that all that is comprised in the limit formed by this line, shall be restored to his majesty the king of Saxony; but his majesty renounces all those districts and territories that are situated beyond that line, and which belonged to him before the war. The line shall begin from the trontiers of Bohemia near Wiese, in the neighbourhood of Seidenberg, following the stream of the river Wittich, until its junction with the Neisse. From the Neisse it shall pass to the circle of Eigen, between Tauchritz, which shall belong to Prussia, and Bertschoff, |