commodities, he attributed this not to an excess of bank-paper; for, had they not risen rapidly on the continent, and even in those countries where specie alone is in circulation? He considered the great and sudden rise of the price of corn here as the cause of the advance in other articles; and the rise of that great necessary of life, to advance of importation prices by the acts of the legislature. Yet, with the aid of two millions of quarters of foreign corn, the quartern-loaf did not exceed fifteen pence; whereas, without this assistance, it would have been at 2s. 6d. He denied the position, that our exports were only 33, and our imports 45 millions; he also inferred from tables, produced by him, extending to 1810, that the market-price of gold, and the exchange with Hamburgh, did not depend on the issue of bank-notes. The fallacy of the market-price of gold having been affected by the issue of bank-paper had been already incontrovertibly shown, by the experience of nearly the whole of the last century, as recorded in accounts on which we may safely rely. That the exchange should be affected by it were against all experience, as well as against the evidence annexed to the report. He considered the observations of his friend Mr Huskisson, “on the credit of our public funds," likely to be attended with very hurtful consequences with respect to both foreigners and natives. He states that "the public creditor, on receiving his dividend, is obliged to leave 2s. out of 20s., or £10 in the £100, for the income tax, in the hands of the bank; and is equally compelled to receive the remaining 18s. in bank-paper. A payment in such paper is a virtual deduction from his dividend of 3s. more, or of 15 per cent.; the public creditor, therefore, receives only 15s. in the pound of standard stationary money, and no more!" He then entered into an eulogium of the merits of Mr Pitt, against the charge of "a singular disacquaintance with the principles of public economy;" and concluded by objecting to the plan proposed by the committee; "which, without effecting the object the members had in view, did more than either the decrees or the victories of Bonaparte to execute his designs for our destruction."

Mr Rose was of the middle stature; vigorous, active, indefatigable. He was to the full as laborious as Mr Dundas, without, like him, being addicted to convivial pleasures. He possessed much literary talent, which was displayed to great advantage in 1777, when he superintended the publication of the Journals of the House of Lords,' in 31 folio volumes. In 1794 he became executor to the venerable earl of Marchmont, who bequeathed to him his large collection of books, manuscripts, and coins. The dissertation on Doomsday-book in Nash's History of Worcestershire' is from Mr Rose's pen, and he was the author of the following tracts: The Proposed System of Trade with Ireland explained,' 8vo. 1785; A Brief Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce, and Manufactures of Great Britain,' 8vo. 1796; 'Considerations on the Debt of the Civil List,' 8vo. 1802; 'Observations on the Historical Work of the late Right Hon. C. J. Fox,' 4to. 1809; 'Letters to Lord Melville respecting a Naval Arsenal at Northfleet,' 8vo. 1810; Observations respecting the Public Expenditure and the Influence of the Crown,' 8vo. 1810; Substance of his Speech in the House of Commons,' 8vo. 1811. His speech on Corn Laws in 1814, and on the Property Tax in 1815, were also printed; but this is

supposed to have been done without his authority. He expired on Tuesday, January 13th, 1818, in the 73d or 74th year of his age.

As a legislator, Mr Rose was entitled to great credit for the protection of saving-banks, and his bill to enable parochial and other societies to subscribe for the purpose of supporting their sick and disabled members out of the common stock, instead of becoming paupers. It is also but fair to add that he was a most useful partizan, and that he was never accused, like two of his former colleagues, either of being a public defaulter, or of perverting the public money for the success or gratification of his own private speculations.

Admiral Cornwallis.

BORN A. D. 1744.-DIED A. D. 1819.

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM CORNWALLIS, fourth son of Charles the first earl by Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Viscount Townshend, was born on the 25th of February, 1744. He was descended from a family who had been settled for many centuries in the county of Suffolk. Having resolved to embrace the naval profession, he was first rated as a midshipman on board the Newark, whence he was removed to the Kingston, in which vessel he shared the glory attendant on the reduction of Louisburg, and acquired those habits of subordination which afterwards enabled him to command others with ability and effect.

In 1759 we find him serving under the gallant Hawke in the Dunkirk; next year he repaired under Captain Digby to the Mediterranean, and being taken on board the flag-ship of Sir Charles Saunders, he was appointed a lieutenant. In the course of 1762 he was nominated to the Wasp sloop of war, with the rank of master and commander; and in 1765 he was made post-captain, in consequence of obtaining the command of the Prince Edward, at a period when he had scarcely attained the age of twenty-one.

It being necessary to reinforce Admiral Howe, who in every part of the American continent found foes instead of allies, while he was menaced by sea with a superior fleet, Admiral Byron was sent with a powerful force to his succour, among which was the Lion of 64 guns, commanded by Captain Cornwallis. But the admiral was retarded, both in Europe and during his passage across the Atlantic, by a variety of sinister events, and no sooner had he nearly reached the object of his destination, than he encountered a storm which dispersed the greater part of his fleet. What contributed to make his situation still more alarming and disagreeable at the critical moment, was the appearance of the Count D'Estaing, who, with a fleet of twelve sail of the line, prevented him joining Lord Howe, and forced him to take shelter in Halifax. Notwithstanding a junction was soon after effected with the rest of the squadron, and a further reinforcement arrived from England before the spring, yet D'Estaing, who by this time had collected an immense naval armament, obtained possession of the island of St Vincent without difficulty, and acquired Grenada also, after a spirited but ineffectual resistance on the part of the British troops. No sooner did the brave but remarkably unfortunate Byron receive intelligence of

commodities, he attributed this not to an excess of bank-paper; for, had they not risen rapidly on the continent, and even in those countries where specie alone is in circulation? He considered the great and sudden rise of the price of corn here as the cause of the advance in other articles; and the rise of that great necessary of life, to advance of importation prices by the acts of the legislature. Yet, with the aid of two millions of quarters of foreign corn, the quartern-loaf did not exceed fifteen pence; whereas, without this assistance, it would have been at 2s. 6d. He denied the position, that our exports were only 33, and our imports 45 millions; he also inferred from tables, produced by him, extending to 1810, that the market-price of gold, and the exchange with Hamburgh, did not depend on the issue of bank-notes. The fallacy of the market-price of gold having been affected by the issue of bank-paper had been already incontrovertibly shown, by the experience of nearly the whole of the last century, as recorded in accounts on which we may safely rely. That the exchange should be affected by it were against all experience, as well as against the evidence annexed to the report. He considered the observations of his friend Mr Huskisson, "on the credit of our public funds," likely to be attended with very hurtful consequences with respect to both foreigners and natives. He states that "the public creditor, on receiving his dividend, is obliged to leave 2s. out of 20s., or £10 in the £100, for the income tax, in the hands of the bank; and is equally compelled to receive the remaining 18s. in bank-paper. bank-paper. A payment in such paper is a virtual deduction from his dividend of 3s. more, or of 15 per cent.; the public creditor, therefore, receives only 15s. in the pound of standard stationary money, and no more!" He then entered into an eulogium of the merits of Mr Pitt, against the charge of "a singular disacquaintance with the principles of public economy;" and concluded by objecting to the plan proposed by the committee; "which, without effecting the object the members had in view, did more than either the decrees or the victories of Bonaparte to execute his designs for our destruction."

Mr Rose was of the middle stature; vigorous, active, indefatigable. He was to the full as laborious as Mr Dundas, without, like him, being addicted to convivial pleasures. He possessed much literary talent, which was displayed to great advantage in 1777, when he superintended the publication of the Journals of the House of Lords,' in 31 folio volumes. In 1794 he became executor to the venerable earl of Marchmont, who bequeathed to him his large collection of books, manuscripts, and coins. The dissertation on Doomsday-book in Nash's History of Worcestershire' is from Mr Rose's pen, and he was the author of the following tracts: The Proposed System of Trade with Ireland explained,' 8vo. 1785; A Brief Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce, and Manufactures of Great Britain,' 8vo. 1796; 'Considerations on the Debt of the Civil List,' 8vo. 1802; Observations on the Historical Work of the late Right Hon. C. J. Fox,' 4to. 1809; Letters to Lord Melville respecting a Naval Arsenal at Northfleet,' 8vo. 1810; Observations respecting the Public Expenditure and the Influence of the Crown,' 8vo. 1810; Substance of his Speech in the House of Commons,' 8vo. 1811. His speech on Corn I 1814, and on the Property Tax in 1815, were also print

supposed to have been done without his authority. He expired on Tuesday, January 13th, 1818, in the 73d or 74th year of his age.

As a legislator, Mr Rose was entitled to great credit for the protection of saving-banks, and his bill to enable parochial and other societies to subscribe for the purpose of supporting their sick and disabled members out of the common stock, instead of becoming paupers. It is also but fair to add that he was a most useful partizan, and that he was never accused, like two of his former colleagues, either of being a public defaulter, or of perverting the public money for the success or gratification of his own private speculations.

Admiral Cornwallis.

BORN A. D. 1744.-DIED A. D. 1819.

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM CORNWALLIS, fourth son of Charles the first earl by Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Viscount Townshend, was born on the 25th of February, 1744. He was descended from a family who had been settled for many centuries in the county of Suffolk. Having resolved to embrace the naval profession, he was first rated as a midshipman on board the Newark, whence he was removed to the Kingston, in which vessel he shared the glory attendant on the reduction of Louisburg, and acquired those habits of subordination which afterwards enabled him to command others with ability and effect.

In 1759 we find him serving under the gallant Hawke in the Dunkirk; next year he repaired under Captain Digby to the Mediterranean, and being taken on board the flag-ship of Sir Charles Saunders, he was appointed a lieutenant. In the course of 1762 he was nommated to the Wasp sloop of war, with the rank of master and commander; and in 1765 he was made post-captain, in consequence of obtaining the command of the Prince Edward, at a period when he had scarcely attained the age of twenty-one.

It being necessary to reinforce Admiral Howe, who in every part of the American continent found foes instead of allies, while he was menaced by sea with a superior fleet, Admiral Byron was sent with a powerful force to his succour, among which was the Lion of 64 guns, commanded by Captain Cornwallis. But the admiral was retarded, both in Europe and during his passage across the Atlantic, by a variety of sinister events, and no sooner had he nearly reached the object of his destination, than he encountered a storm which dispersed the greater part of his fleet. What contributed to make his situation still more alarming and disagreeable at the critical moment, was the appearance of the Count D'Estaing, who, with a fleet of treke sul of the line, prevented him joining Lord Howe, and forced like shelter in Halifax. Notwithstanding a junction was soon arted with the rost of the squadron, and a further reinfamed from Englanc before the spring, yet P ng, wie jd

these events, than he sailed in pursuit of the enemy, concerning whose real force he had been completely deceived. On his arrival in the neighbourhood of St George's bay, he found the French to amount to no less than ten sail of the line more than he had expected. The signal for action, however, was immediately hoisted, but the French, notwithstanding their superiority, avoided a close action, and contrived to bring nearly the whole of their force to bear upon three ships which ran the gauntlet along their line, in the course of which they received considerable damage, and were forced to leeward. One of these happened to be the Lion; this vessel received a number of shot in her hull, had her rigging cut, her masts wounded, and fifty-one men either killed or disabled. In this situation, finding it impossible to weather the enemy's line, and reassume his proper station in the fleet, Captain Cornwallis, taking advantage of the trade-wind, which blows constantly in that latitude, bore away for Jamaica; while D'Estaing withdrew in the course of the same evening to his former anchorage. Although the French did not obtain any advantage upon this occasion, yet neither the conduct nor the consequences of the action gave entire satisfaction on board the British fleet. Admiral Barrington, in particular, was greatly disgusted, and swore that he would not again serve under Byron. He accordingly returned home in the Ariadne.

The Lion was present at the relief of Gibraltar in 1781, under Admiral Darby, on which occasion Admiral Christian being disabled and obliged to return, Captain Cornwallis volunteered along with Sir James Wallace to attack the Spanish gun-boats. When paid off, her commander was appointed to the Canada, of 74 guns; and in this ship he again returned to the West Indies, where he was employed under Sir Samuel Hood. In the famous action with the French fleet under De Grasse, the Canada fought with a degree of spirit never excelled in the British navy. After engaging with and capturing the Hector, a ship of the same rate and number of guns, Captain Cornwallis, leaving his prize to be taken possession of by a frigate, bore down upon the Ville de Paris, and laying her alongside, commenced a combat which lasted two hours. De Grasse, who declared after the action, that "this little red-sided ship, the Canada, did him more harm than all the rest with which he had contended," determined, from a point of honour, not to strike to any thing short of a flag, and accordingly held out until about sunset, when Rear-admiral Sir Samuel Hood came up in the Barfleur, on which the count surrendered.

In 1782 Cornwallis returned to England, his ship forming part of the convoy to the homeward-bound fleet. He subsequently, for a short period, commanded a king's yacht, and in 1789 had the charge of a small squadron in the East Indies. On the 1st of February, 1793, he was made rear-admiral of the White, and blockaded Pondicherry while it was besieged on the land side by a force under Colonel Braithwaite. As soon as the usual period for the India station had expired, Commodore Cornwallis returned to his native land. After being promoted to the rank of vice of the Blue in 1794, we find him in 1795 serving in the channel fleet with his flag hoisted on board the Royal Sovereign of 100 guns. As he was known to be an officer of skill and enterprise, it was determined to detach him with a small squadron to harass the enemy, intercept their convoys, alarm their shores, and capture any