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In illustration of Mr. Murphy's work, the same booksellers (Messrs. Cadell and Davies) published a quarto volume entitled: The History of the Mahometan Empire in Spain; containing a general History of the Arabs, their institutions, conquests, literature, arts, sciences, and manners, to the expulsion of the Moors. Designed as an Introduction to The Arabian Antiquities of Spain, by James Cavanah Murphy, Architect." 1816.

The authorship of this volume is thus, in the Preface, assigned to its rightful owners: "For the Introduction, which presents a concise account of the early history of the Arabs previously to their conquest of Spain, the publishers are indebted to the kindness and liberality of the acute and learned HISTORIAN OF AnCIENT GREECE. Part I. containing the Political and Military History of the Mohametan Empire in Spain, together with the description of Cordova, and the translation of the Arabic inscriptions in the Appendix, are due to Mr. John Shakespear †, Professor of Oriental Languges to the Hon. East India Company's Military Seminary. The remainder of Part I. comprising a topographical account of the principal seats of the Mahometan Empire in Spain, and the whole of Part II. which treats on the literature, sciences, arts, manufactures, and commerce, as well as on the civil and military institutions of the Arabs, were composed by Mr. Thomas Hartwell Horne, Sub-Librarian of the Surrey Institution ‡."

After his return to England, Mr. Murphy was engaged with the Admiralty in a correspondence respecting the Dry Rot; and that Board appears to have paid particular attention to his proposition; but the exorbitant terms which he demanded delayed the experiments, and the disclosure of his plans was frustrated by his death, which took place in Edward-street, Cavendish-square, Sept. 12, 1814. From some of Mr. Murphy's memoranda it appears that when in Portugal he had his attention drawn to the circumstance that those vessels which had received their first cargo of salt, were free from the destructive disease which was the object of his researches; and it is probable his ideas were derived from this circumstance.

An accumulation of notes and drawings which Mr. Murphy left behind him, are in the possession of Thomas Deane, Esq. now Sheriff of Cork; and, notwithstanding the labour bestowed on his publications, it is only by inspecting these remains, that an adequate idea can be formed of his industry, and of the minute and careful manner in which every object is detailed.

* Of William Mitford, Esq. F.S.A. (elder brother to Lord Redesdale) memoirs will be found in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. XCVII. i. 368, 386. He died Feb. 10, 1827, aged 83.

+ Author of a Grammar of the Hindustanè Language, 1813. 4to. A Dictionary Hindustani and English, 1817. 4to.; and Muntakhabat-iHindi; or selections in Hindustani, for students in that language; with a verbal translation and grammatical analysis, Vol. I. 1817; II. 1825, 4to.

The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, M. A. who has been an author on various subjects, and is particularly distinguished for his works in Bibliography and Theology, is now engaged in compiling a classed Catalogue of the Books at the British Museum.

435

The REV. THOMAS LEMAN, F. S. A.

This eminent antiquary, the oracle of his day on the subject of Roman Antiquities in Britain, was of a highly respectable Suffolk family *; and son

Leman, who in

* Mr. Leman traced his descent from the reign of Henry VII. came into England, "flying from the Netherlands; on what account is not said. His son, Thomas Leman, was Rector of Southam; and his grandson, Sir John Leman, died in 1632, and was buried at St. Michael's, Crookedlane, London, having been an Alderman of that City, Sheriff 1606, and Lord Mayor 1616.

William, the brother of Sir John, had five sons, each of whom was the progenitor of a family bearing the name.

1. John; he was seated at Beccles and Otley. He had two sons, William and Thomas. From the latter descended the Lemans of Wenhaston, the last of whom, Mrs. Philippa Leman, died in 1757, leaving her Wenhaston estate to her cousin the Rev. John Leman, who was great-grandson to William, the eldest son of John, and father to the subject of this memoir. On Mr. Leman's death, the male issue of the first-named John became exhausted.

2. Robert, who was buried at Ipswich, 1637. He had two daughters, Mary, married to Richard Bennet; and Alice to Charles Goring, Earl of Norwich.

3. Thomas, of Bruenshall in Hetheringset, and of Brampton. This branch became extinct in Mrs. Mary Leman, daughter of Robert Leman, of Brampton, Esq. who died in 1807, at the age of 84, leaving a large fortune to the Rev. Naunton Orgill, grandson of her aunt Sarah Leman, which Sarah was the wife of her kinsman William Leman, of Beccles, Esq. elder brother to the Rev. John Leman, of Wenhaston, the father of the antiquary.

4. William, of Warboys in Huntingdonshire, Rampton in Cambridgeshire, and Northaw in Herts, whose son William Leman, Esq. was created a Baronet in 1665. The title became extinct on the death of William Leman, grandson to the first Baronet, in 1742. The name of Leman was assumed by Richard Allic, of Northaw, Esq. cousin to the last Baronet; and after his death by John Grainger, also of Northaw, Esq. See their pedigree in Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire, vol. II. p. 44. 5. Philip, of Herefordshire, and also of Thames Ditton in Surrey, died in 1679, aged 89; and had a son named John.

The above is taken from Mr. Leman's own account of his family in one of the genealogical volumes bequeathed by him to the Bath Institution Library.

of the Rev. John Leman, of Wenhaston in that county, by Anne his wife, daughter of Clement Reynolds, of Cambridge. He was born at Kirstead in Norfolk, March 29, 1751; and went to school at Uggeshall in Suffolk in 1758.

He was afterwards of Emanuel-college, Cambridge, where, from congenial pursuits, he formed a strict friendship with his fellow collegian, the Rev. Dr. Bennet, subsequently Bishop of Cloyne. He took the degree of B. A. 1775; was elected a Fellow of Clare-ball, and proceeded to the degree of M. A. 1778. He never held any other ecclesiastical preferment but the Chancellorship of Cloyne, to which he was presented before 1796 by Bishop Bennet. It was a perfect sinecure, being called £.500, but never brought Mr. Leman in £.200. Through the favour of Bishop Bennet, and his interest with his successors, Mr. Leman was some time excused residence, on the score of ill health; but a succeeding Archbishop (Brodrick), insisting on Mr. Leman's residence, compelled him to resign it*. In 1788 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; and he proved himself worthy of that honour by his attention to the history of his Country, particularly during the period of its occupation by the Romans. In conjunction with his friend Dr. Bennet †, he traversed nearly every remain of British trackway or Roman road, and liberally contri

*See a letter from Bp. Bennet to Dr. Parr, in Parr's Works, Vol. VII. p. 110

+ See vol. IV. of this Work, p. 703.

Mr. Leman thus notices those who have trod in the same paths. "Lord Arundell in the time of Charles I. endeavoured to have surveys and plans made of the roads and stations on them; but all these curious memorandums were lost to the world by a fire at Worksop in 1761; as indeed would soon have been the knowledge of these antiquities themselves, had it not been for the feeble efforts of Leland, who first casually noticed them in his useful journies; of Aubrey, though he had indeed more zeal than knowledge in the pursuit; of the active but visionary Stukeley, who, by examining the remains on the spot, has been of incalculable service; of Horsley, perhaps the best

buted the result of his investigations, wherever they could be appropriately bestowed. Volens semperque juvare paratus was his family motto, and suited him well.

To Mr. Nichols he communicated an Essay "on the Roman Roads and Stations in Leicestershire," printed in the History of that County, vol. I. p. clxvii.; to Mr. Clutterbuck, he contributed a very learned and ingenious Memoir concerning "the primæval inhabitants in Hertfordshire, and the roads and earthworks which formerly existed in it, whether of British or Roman origin," printed in vol. I. of the "History of Herts," pp. vi-xvii.; to Mr. Surtees he presented some interesting observations on the Roman and British state of

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Durham, accompanied by plans of Roman and British roads and stations; and to Mrs. Oghorne "a slight sketch of the Antiquities of Essex," prefixed to that lady's History of the County, pp. i-iv. To his friend Sir Richard Hoare he supplied some maps for his " History of Giraldus Cambrensis * ; to the Magna Britannia of Messrs. Lysons, Bishop Bennet and Mr. Leman contributed much †; and of writers on the subject; of Roy, whose character has given credit to this line of study, and whose professional abilities have illustrated and improved it; of the ingenious Mr. Reynolds, who, without seeing them, has thrown light on many of the obscurer parts by his labours; and still more by the unwearied exertions of Dr. Mason, of Cambridge, who, at a time when this part of our early history was sinking into neglect, and the knowledge of it even disfigured and disgraced by the reveries of Salmon, employed no small part of his life in visiting the roads and stations with the active spirit of Stukeley; in which he has been imitated of late by my respected friend the Bishop of Cloyne, the late General Simcoe, Sir Richard Hoare, and others, to which list I am proud to add my own name." History of Hertfordshire, vol. I. p. xv.

* In the dedication of the second volume of his Ancient History of Wiltshire, to Archdeacon Coxe, Sir Richard remarks, (in 1822), “Twenty years have elapsed since, in concert with our mutual friend Mr. Leman, we projected the History of Ancient Wiltshire, which has at length been accomplished."

In the preface to his Devonshire the Rev. Daniel Lysons says, “The late learned Bishop of Cloyne obligingly transmitted

to Mr. Brewer's "Introduction to the original Delineations, topographical, historical, and descriptive, intituled, The Beauties of England and Wales, Mr. Leman furnished much intelligence in regard to British and Roman Antiquities*. Doubtless other authors have been equally indebted.

Of the Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester, he had a very high opinion; and the edition of that work, published in 1809, with a translation and extensive commentaries +, was chiefly prepared by his paper on the Roman Roads and Stations not long before his death; and on the subject of Ancient Encampments, I have been kindly assisted by his friend and fellow-traveller the Rev. T. Leman."

"It is with sincere pleasure that the Editor acknowledges the assistance of the Rev. T. Leman, of Bath, since the name of this gentleman must necessarily bestow importance on those pages which underwent his revision. To Mr. Leman this Work is indebted for the drawings of the two Maps by which it is illustrated; the first exhibiting the different tribes of Britain, with their towns and trackways as they existed at the first invasion of Cæsar, and the second containing a display of Roman stations and roads. It is here necessary to explain that the latter map is formed on one, from a drawing by the Rev. T. Leman, inserted in Mr. Hatcher's edition of Richard of Cirencester; to which are added, in the present publication, numerous discoveries made since the appearance of that work. — That part of the letter-press which relates to the geography of antient Britain, is chiefly formed on intelligence conveyed by Mr. Leman; and it is to be regretted that the limits of the Introduction prevented the Editor from availing himself more largely of the rich stores of information unreservedly laid open by so profound and judicious an antiquary. All that is of principal value in the remarks on the construction and characteristical features of Roman roads, likewise proceeded from information and corrections afforded by the same gentleman." Mr. Brewer's preface to "Beauties of England and Wales," p. xxviii.

"This valuable treatise was discovered by Charles Julius Bertram, a professor residing at Copenhagen; who transmitted it to Dr. Stukeley, our celebrated British antiquary, who re-published [an abstract of] it in his Itinerarium Curiosum. The original edition was published, together with other works, in a thin octavo volume, at Copenhagen, in 1757, and became so very scarce, as seldom to be met with. In the year 1808 my friend Archdeacon Coxe, assisted by our joint friend the Rev. Thomas Leman, supplied notes illustrating the History of Richard; the original text was translated into English; and the whole was published in the following year in one volume octavo." Hoare's

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