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conclusion de ce Traité, Leurs dites Majestés ont nommé pour leurs Plénipotentiaires, savoir:

Lesquels, après avoir échangé leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté et signé les Articles suivants :

ART. 1. Sa Majesté la Reine du Royaume-Uni de la Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande, désirant réaliser le vœu que l'Assemblée Législative des Etats-Unis des Iles Ioniennes a exprimé de voir ces iles réunies à la Grèce, a consenti, sous les conditions spécifiées ci-après, à renoncer au Protectorat des iles de Corfou, Céphalonie, Zante, Sainte-Maure, Ithaque, Cerigo et Paxo, avec leurs dépendances, lesquelles, en vertu du Traité signé à Paris, le 5 novembre 1815, par les Plénipotentiaires de la Grande-Bretagne, d'Autriche, de Prusse et de Russie, ont été constituées en un seul Etat libre et indépendant sous la dénomination d'Etats-Unis des Iles Ioniennes," placé sous la protection immédiate et exclusive de Sa Majesté le Roi du Royaume-Uni de la Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande, ses héritiers et succes

seurs.

En conséquence, Sa Majesté Britannique, Sa Majesté l'Empereur des Français et Sa Majesté l'Empereur de toutes les Russies, en leur qualité de signataires de la Convention du 7 mai 1832, reconnaissent cette union, et déclarent que la Grèce, dans les limites déterminées par l'arrange

sion of this Treaty, their said Majesties have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:

[Here follow the names of plenipotentiaries.]

Who, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and signed the following Articles :

ARTICLE 1. Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, desiring to fulfill the wish which the legislative Assembly of the United States of the Ionian Islands has expressed to see these Islands united to Greece, has consented, under the conditions specified below, to renounce the Protectorate of the Islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Santa-Maura, Ithaca, Cerigo, and Paxo, with their dependencies, which by virtue of the Treaty signed at Paris, November 5, 1815, by the Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia, were constituted as a single free and independent state under the name of "the United States of the Ionian Islands' and were placed under the immediate and exclusive protection of H. M. the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his Heirs and Successors.

Consequently, Her Britannic Majesty, His Majesty the Emperor of the the French and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, in their quality as signatories to the Convention of May 7, 1832, recognize this union and declare that Greece, within the limits determined by the arrange

ment conclu à Constantinople entre les Cours de la Grande-Bretagne, de France et de Russie, avec la Porte Ottomane, le 21 juillet 1832, y compris les Iles Ioniennes, formera un Etat monarchique indépendant et constitutionnel, sous la souveraineté de Sa Majesté le Roi George, et sous la garantie des trois Cours.

ments concluded at Constantinople between the Courts of Great Britain, France and Russia with the Ottoman Porte, on July 21, 1832, wherein were included the Ionian Islands, shall form a monarchical State, independent and constitutional, under the sovereignty of ereignty of His Majesty, Majesty, King George, and under the guarantee of the three Courts.

THE SCHLESWIG QUESTION, 1848

Address of the Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein to the People of Denmark, Proposing a Vote of North Schleswig as to Union with Denmark or Germany. March 31, 1848 1

Dänen! Das Volk in Kopenhagen hat Euren König, unsern Herzog, gezwungen, die Einverleibung Schleswigs in das Königreich Dänemark, seine Herabsetzung zu einer dänischen Provinz, zu erklären, and schon ziehen dänische Truppen in das Herzogthum Schleswig ein, um diesen Machtspruch durch Gewalt der Waffen auszuführen. Die provisorische Regierung der Herzogthümer Schleswig-Holstein hat den Entschluss gefasst, die Rechte der Herzogthümer, wie die Rechte unseres Herzogs, gegen fremden Einfluss zu sichern, und fühlt sich stark durch das Recht, welches sie vertheidigt, und durch den Beistand des ganzen deutschen Volks! Dänen, die staatliche Selbstständigkeit des Herzogthums Schleswig beruht auf festen Verträgen! Die gewaltsame Umwandelung seiner Stellung in eine Dänische Provinz ist ein Bruch des Vertrages! Die Herzogthümer haben Euch oft beigestanden als treue Dienstgenossen in Tagen der Gefahr! Ihr thut doppelt Unrecht, wenn Ihr jetzt unsere Rechte zu brechen und zu vernichten strebt. Wir wollen nur

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Danes! the people of Copenhagen have compelled your King, our Duke, to proclaim the incorporation of Schleswig with the kingdom of Denmark—its degradation to a Danish province, and already are Danish troops invading the Duchy of Schleswig in order to execute this arbitrary measure by force of arms! The Provisional Government of the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein has resolved to ensure the rights of the duchies, as well as those of our Duke, against all foreign influence, and feels itself strong in the right which it defends, and its assistance by the whole German people. Danes! the national independence of the Duchy of Schleswig rests on firm treaties. Its forcible transformation into a Danish province is a breach of those treaties. The duchies have often supported you, like faithful confederates in times of danger. You will commit an act of two-fold injustice if you now endeavour to violate and annihilate our rights. We wish only to protect our own nationality, and not to attack the independence of foreign countries.

1 Martens, N. R. G., vol. 12, p. 252. Translation from Memoir on the Constitutional Rights of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, presented to Viscount Palmerston by Chevalier Bunsen, April 8, 1848, p. 158. The italics are in the original.

unsere Nationalität schützen, nicht fremde Nationalität angreifen! Mag der Norden Schleswigs sich demnächst frei erklären, ob er als Provinz dem Dänischen Staate einverleibt werden, oder dem Deutschen Vaterlande folgen wolle, wir werden seinem Willen keinen Zwang anthun! Wir bieten Euch ehrliches Bündniss und personelle Gemeinschaft des Landesherrn, so lange der Mannsstamm in Dänemark herrscht, wollen uns aber einer unbeikommenden Weiberherrschaft nicht fügen! Dänen, bedenkt, was Ihr thut! Was das Recht verlangt, was Euch zum wahren Nutzen dient, das bieten wir Euch freiwillig! Mehr könnt Ihr nicht erhalten, -wohl aber alles verlieren, wenn Ihr fortfahrt auf dem Wege der Gewalt,

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das Bestehen des Dänischen Reiches selbst steht dann in Frage! Siegt Ihr im Waffenkampfe- und dies wird nicht geschehen, so lange Deutsche Herzen schlagen,- was Anderes habt Ihr dann, als ein verödetes, feindlich gesinntes Land, unerträgliche Schuldenlast und zerstörten Handel und Gewerbe. Siegen wir, wer wird uns dann hindern, Bedingungen zu stellen, die uns Sicherung geben gegen jeglichen Uebergriff für die Folge! Noch ist es Zeit! noch stehen die Heere einander gegenüber, noch hat der Kampf, die Zerstörung nicht begonnen, noch bieten wir Euch Frieden ohne Kampf.

Rendsburg den 31 März 1848.

Let the north of Schleswig therefore freely declare whether it will be incorporated as a province with the kingdom of Denmark, or follow the German nation, and we, at all events, will offer no opposition to its will. We offer you honourable alliance, and a Sovereign personally common to both, so long as the male branch rules in Denmark, but we will not submit to an unbecoming domination of the female line.

Danes! think what you are doing! We offer you freely all that justice requires, and all that is really useful to you. More than this you cannot receive, but you will rather lose everything if you continue to pursue the path of violence, as the very existence of the Danish kingdom will then be endangered. be endangered. Should you be conquerors on the battle-field,— and this will never happen, so long as German. hearts pulsate on the continent of Europe, what would you gain but a desolated and hostile territory, intolerable pecuniary burdens, and an annihilated trade? If we conquer, who will then prevent us from assigning conditions which will give us ample security for the future against any attacks or encroachments? It is not yet too late! the armies still face each other the battle, the work of destruction, has not yet commenced — we still offer you peace without fighting!

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Rendsburg, March 30, 1848.

Protest by the Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein Against the Proposal of a Separation of North Schleswig According to Nationality, Made to the Germanic Diet by the Prussian Minister for Foreign Affairs. May 17, 1848 1

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The Provisional Government is absolutely willing that the three principles stated below should be adopted as a basis for the treaty of Peace:

1. Schleswig-Holstein are insepa

rable.

2. This united duchy is at present in legitimate enjoyment of an independence based on public law.

3. The male line of the House of Oldenburg has the right of succession in the Duchies.

There can be no difference of opinion from the German point of view. as to the fact that these rights can be guaranteed only by the reception of Schleswig into the Germanic Confederation, as well as by the complete severance of all relations with Denmark which are of a military, financial or administrative nature, and that the consent of the King of Denmark to these measures should be a necessary condition of peace. It is with a

1 Martens, N. R. G., vol. 12, p. 285. The opening paragraphs of the document are omitted by Martens, but given in French in British and Foreign State Papers, vol. 40, p. 1303. A translation follows:

Rendsbourg, May 17, 1848.

The Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein has been informed by the Legation of Holstein, accredited to the Germanic Diet, of the principles which Your Excellency has presented to the Diet and which should serve as a guide in adjusting the quarrel existing between Denmark and the Duchies.

The Provisional Government has seen with pleasure that Your Excellency desires an agreement as to the essential points which have been established regarding the condition of any arrangement between Denmark and the Duchies, and it believes it to be its duty, considering the importance of an early pacification, to venture to submit to Your Excellency the following observations concerning the peace proposals of your Government.

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