phyfician, but those who are fick; for I am not come to call Saints, but finners*." 66 This gracious fentiment is illuftrated by him in numerous inftances, but perhaps none more forcibly than where he obferves, that, if a man have an hundred fheep, and one of them fhould go aftray, do you not think he would leave the ninety and nine in the mountains, and go to fearch for that which was gone aftray? And if he happen to find it, he would certainly be more gratified by the reftoration of that one, than by the fecurity of the ninety and nine which went not aftray. In like manner, your heavenly Father would not that any perfon fo fituated fhould be loft." He farther declares, that "there fhall likewife be greater joy in heaven for one finner that repenteth, than for ninetynine juft perfons that need no repentance." An establishment for the employment and reftoration of OUTCASTS affords a profpect highly gratifying and important in political and economical points of view; and its practicability is demonftrable from the examples introduced in the following letter; and indeed, from the general and uniform refult of private and individual induftry, it must be obvious, that if labour maintain a family, not only to provide for all the immediate neceffaries of life, but likewife to pay for rent; when, therefore, a houfe or afylum is gratuitously provided for the employment of Outcasts, the product of labour ought to exceed the expences of the establishment and, even after likewife difcharging the intereft of the principal which the building might have required, a faving on the average of productive labour ought to refult proportionably to that of the private individual; and this furplus might con * If this, and the fubfequent, quotation are not the exact words of the prefent tranflation, they are analagous to the erigi nal, in Matthew ix. 9-13: ftitute a fund to be appropriated in rewarding Industry, or promoting Virtue.ba pegan Without fuch an eftablishment, or of adequate means of employing the indolent and Outcaft, principles the moft baneful to fociety will be formed; the injuries to the community from fuch individuals, who increafe confumption without adding to product, are augmented by the influence of vicious example upon others; and thus the aggregate lofs to the community must be manifold. But were the plan alluded to, of fyftematically employing fuch OUTCASTS, and initiating them into habits of induftry, fully eftabiifhed, a pleafing counterpart would neceffarily refult; which is fo fully demonftrated by my friend NEILD, that with pleasure the fentiments of a man whofe ftudy is the promotion of public and private good are here introduced by JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM. To Dr. LETTSOM. My dear Sir, Chelsea, Aug.27,1804. In one of my former letters I mentioned having received from the Rev. Mr. Whitaker a propofal for eftablishing an ASYLUM for OUTCASTS. I will now make a few remarks upon what I conceive to be of national utility, and, and religious inftruction, might be the accompanied by well-regulated labour means of reforming the individuals, and inuring them to habits of industry. The common misfortune of public punishment is, that few perfons will receive either man or woman out of a gaol into any fervice or employment whatever; but for which, I prefume, this afylum is meant to provide.WE HOP Reformation of prifoners in gaol ap nual Reports; which flate, that, upon pears practicable, by the Dorchefter anan enquiry made into the characters of all the Dorfetthire prifoners on charges of felony, during a period of 14 years, it appears that, out of 393 of both fexes, there have been 242 reclaimed, maintaining theinfelves by honeft induftry. As much, I have no doubt, might be faid of the excellently-wellregulated gaol of Gloucefter, were its enquiries and Reports published annually. Both thefe prifons are provided with with proper places of feclufion, to difpole the mind to penitence, and produce a lafting alteration in the principles of the prifoner. Dr. Paley very july obferves, “as averlion to labour is the caufe from which half of the vices of low life deduce their origin and continuance, punishments ought to be contrived with a view to the conquering of this difpofition. Few prifons are better constructed for this purpofe than thofe above mentioned; none under better regulations, or more frequently vifited by their refpective magifirates. I will fubjoin to this letter extracts, which I have made in ny feveral tours of community; to make the criminal pu nishment contribute to the general good of the publick? The learned writer on the principles: of penal law alerts (and I perfectly concur in opinion,) that every effect of banifhment, as practifed in England, is often beneficial to the criminal, and always injurious to the community." He eftimates, that the number of perfons for whom fome mode of restraint and punishment, in lieu of transportation, muft be provided, may be estimated at 1000 annually. The average number of prifoners in the Houfe of Correction at Prefton, in that on, from the Prifon books, Lancashire, from October 7, 1801, to promoters of this intended excellent INSTITUTION may not be difcouraged in finding it for fome years unproductive, by fuppofing that the profit of the work may be equal to the expence of the afylum. However this may appear in fpeculation, in practice it is generally found otherwife. The difference is great between involuntary labour and that which is performed from choice. Though in its infant ftate it cannot fupport itself, yet, under proper regulations, it will contribute in a great meafure towards its own maintenance. At Morpeth, Hexham, and Tynemouth, the prifoner committed to hard labour is (if in health) "debarred from any other provifion or fupply; that his fubfiftence, however coarfe or penurious, may be proportioned to his diligence and that he may tafte the advantage of induftry together with the toil." Dr. Paley farther obferves, he would meafure the confinement not by the duration of time but by quantity of work, in order both to excite induftry and render it more voluntary. to In many prifons the County allowance is withheld from thofe who refufe work; whilft in many, very many, prifoners eat the bread of idleness, and no employment whatever provided for thofe who are willing to work. This Society for employing Outcafts, however humble in its outfet, cannot fail to the benevolent waken the attention of and engage them to affift in fo ufeful an undertaking. What can be of greater confequence to a a Nation, more advantageous to Society, more humane and benevolent in its nature, than to prevent the wretched from being ftill more fo, to reclaim the profligate and abandoned, and to reftore them as ufeful members to the October 7, 1802, together with the amount of their earnings, difburfements, and fums paid to the treasurer for that time, as prefented to the Bench of Magiftrates affembled at the quarterfeffions held at Prefton Court-houfe:Average number of prifoners, 155; total earnings, 13011. 14s.; difburfements, 3351. 13s 8d.; fum paid to the treafurer, 9661. Os. 3d. Bodmin Bridewell, from £. s. d. Oct. 1802 to Oct. 1803 117 8 0 Chelmsford, from Jan. 1800 to Jan. 1803 (clear profit to the county) Chefter, from April 1803. to April 1804 (manufactory juft eftablished) Worcefter Gaol, 1796 to 1804 223 89 43 5 7 592 0 95 Worcester Houfe of Correction, 1796 to 1804 525 16 3 Manchefter, 1801to1802 812 0 0 (The average earnings in this prifon is 9d. per day, the expence of maintenance, 6d.). Lancaster, from June 1801 to June 1802 One-third of this fum was paid to the prifoners for their fhare of earnings; and, after deducting every expence attending the manufactory, the county trea furer received, 675 7 11 287 1 9 Stafford Gaol and Houfe of Correc tion from Michaelmas 1801 to Michaelmas 1802: County allowance of food 293 10 9 Deduct the allowance from Government to convicts under fentence of tranfportation 55 15 Carried over 237 15 9 Brought Brought forward 237 15 9 Extra expence of food tenance Total earnings 82 1 5 319 17 2 5 121 13 9 Particulars of Earnings: exceeds the earnings By picking couton By hoe-making By cutting a drain in the Sundry earnings at the Gaol 69 8 nion. The demons of Ambition and Party, who hover about Weftminfter, do not extend their influence as far as the villa. I know not why it is that thefe bufy fpirits feem more tranquil and placid in their days of retreat than the honest dull Juftice of the Quorum, who never ftretched forth his hand to fnatch the fceptre of power, or raifed his voice in public to fill the 4 trumpet of Fame. A little mind is ever in a tracefferie, because it is moved by little things. I have alfound that nothing is fo gen.ways tle as the Chief out of war, nor fo ferene as the Statefman out of place. If it were fit to name names, and certify places, I could bring many examples to juftify my opinion. I fo much delight in thefe working mafter-fpirits in their holiday humour, that I had rather play at teetotum or cross and pile with Julius firft would have the ease and indifCæfar than Sardanapalus. The ference which belongs to play, the which belongs to business. other the ferioufnefs and anxiety 5 5 198 3 Mrs. MONTAGU'S VISIT TO BURKE. I DEATH OF GEO. GRENVILLE. Extract from another Letter, dated Nov. 19, 70. WENT a few miles out of my road to Sandleford, to fulfil my old promife to Mr. Burke at Beaconsfield. I was forry I could not continue there more than one whole day, as I was then not fo affured The newspapers will inform you that Mr. Montagut was in perfect of the death of Mr. George Grenhealth. When the talents of a man ville. I think he is a great lofs to of genius, the acutenefs of a poli- the publick; and though, in thefe tician, the alert vivacity of a man of days of ribaldry and abufe, he was bufinefs, are all employed to make often much calumniated, I believe converfation agreeable and fociety Time will vindicate his character as pleafant, one paffes one's time very a public man; as a private one he delightfully in fuch company. At was quite unblemished. I regret Beaconsfield Mr. Burke is an in- the lofs to myself; I was always duftrious farmer, a polite hufband, pleafed and informed by his cona kind mafter, a charitable neigh- verfation. He had read a vast deal, bour, and a moft excellent compa- and had an amazing memory. He poor lunatick, *A letter from Bodmin, dated August 24, 1804, informs me, that the whofe fevere treatment in the work-house I have mentioned in p. 609, is so far recovered as to be at large. Thus has the kind care of the humane and excellent physician, Dr. Halls been fuccessful in teftoring this man to his fenfes and usefulness in life. Edward Montagu, efq. of Sandleford in Berkshire, and Denton in Northumber land, was only furviving fon of the Hon. Charles Montagu, fifth fon of Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, by the heirefs of Rogers of Newcastle-on-Tyne. He married this lady, who was the eldest daughter of Matthew Robinfon, efq. of Monks Horton, in Kent, Aug. 5, 1742. Mr. M. was a very ftudious and ingenious man, but of a different torn from his wife; for he was fond of the feverer fciences, particularly the mathematicks, and was, I think, the original patron of the famous Emerfon. Mr. M. died about 1775 or 1776; Mrs. M. Aug. 28, 18co. had had been verfed in bufinefs from his youth, fo that he had a very rich fund of converfation; and he was good-natured and very friendly. S. E. B. Mr. URBAN, Taunton, Dec. 12. YOUR correfpondent- Mr. Perry, p. 1018, is a hearfay reporter only of the late Mr. Baker's cafe of Gout. Mr. Edlin has published it on his own perfonal teftimony; and the account he has given of it has already been anfwered by me in a pamphlet, intituled, "A Reply, containing Grounds of Refutation, to Mr. Edlin's two Cafes of Gout," &c. Your readers are, therefore, referred to that publication for a view of the defence of the cooling treatment of Gout from the fatal effects afcribed to it in that cafe. The cafe in queftion appears to be artfully, fufpicioufly, and inconclufively detailed; and does not, in my opinion, furnish any thing like decifive evidence on the fubject.. The cooling treatment of Gout has fucceeded moft happily in many hundred cafes, without a finge wellfounded inftance of its having proved injurious. The unalterable nature of things will ever infure it a coutinuance of that falutary efficacy. Your readers' time fhall not be trefpaffed on by any endeavour in me to convince Mr. Perry of his injudicious and precipitate averfion to the practice. He does not appear to be competent to a rational difcuffion of the fubject; and is evidently actuated by too much erro neous prejudice and captious malevolence to merit from me any other reply, than that the true intereft of the cooling treatment of Gout may be mifieprefented by fuch opponents as he has eyinced himself to be, but never will effentially fuffer by fuch dabbling calumny. ROBERT KINGLAKE, M.D. Mr. URBAN, Hillingdon, Dec. 9. MY letter to Dr. Kinglake, p. 1018, was written in the fpirit he had invoked for erecting a pillar of teftimony in behalf of cold applications in the Gout. The cafe of Mr. Baker was ftrictly in point; and has been ably filled by the ingenious my faint outline Mr. A. Edlin's publication. Unfitting as thefe materials may feem for the purpofe, no fuch work can begin in a better way than first to remove all ufelefs rubbish. Dr. Kinglake's pillar of teftimony, being intended in charity to teach a more fuccessful mode cular fpot. Now, Mr. Urban, there of curing Gout, muft occupy a partiis at this moment upon that fame fpot'a pillar of teftimony, leading us all wrong the work of certain old-fa fhioned long-departed would-be phyficians, who have with great fimplicity proceeded in needlefs caution, perhaps rim of an antient Greek, called Hipinftigated by the firft, difcouraging aphopocrates If fuch a man ever exifted, Mr. Urban, down, down with that old pillar, down with it. In the hiftory of difeafes, medical cure." I do not pretend, Mr. Urban, teachers frequently talk of "natural or, in fhort, right in any thing. The to say these teachers are right in this, words" natural cure" have, however, often been, repeated; and which you, Mr. Urban, will poffibly think with me to be ftrangely perverfe, upon this old pillar of teftimony, under "natural cure for the Gout," are engraved very deep thefe filly words, refidence in a hot climate.” all paft experience, and forgetting every Throwing behind me as mere trafh author of former years as much as poffible, I would help to a collection of new facts, beginning with the era of Dr. Kinglake's invocation. All his Majefty's fubjects in the Torrid Zone will be kind enough to report upon this obfolete notion of warmth doing them good in Gout, and tranfmit an account of their aggravated fufferings. When Dr. Kinglake is provided with this mafs of facts, we may think of another fuccefsful ftep towards erecting his new pillar of teftimony. WM. PERRY. Mr. URBAN, THE Dec. 12. HE letter addreffed to me, p. 1024, feems to call for an anfwer; or I fhould certainly on this occafion have faid nothing, fince few occupations are more unpleasant than aufwering letters full of folly, ill-humour, and ill-manners. As to your correfpondent's threats, I defpife them; let him etch my face if he DARE-I defy him; and as to his defence, as he may pleafe, to call it, it is no defence at all; for he endeavours to obviate the charge of writing nonfenfe, by removing to a dif tance every particle of common fenfe, and he withes to difpel the accufation of envy, by making it plain to every perfon perfon that his pen and his mind are directed by its very fpirit. His gabble about Popish bishops, gold rings, filver chalices, altar-fcreens, mock abbies, and thatched cottages, I cannot understand; and let him be affured that, at prefent, he will remain totally ignorant of the Author of these Letters; and that no ftroke of his etching needle, and no dafh of his pen, will ever terrify me from writing as I have done; and, to change Dr. Johnfon's words, 66 I hope I fhall never be deterred from expofing what I think illiberality and nonfenfe, by the menaces of fuch a writer as the Author of the Purfaits of Architectural Innovation !" I only defire him to prove that I have, directly or indirectly, ever in the fmalleft degree fanctioned or approved either the alterations at Salisbury Cathe dral, or, indeed, in any other place, where they have tended to the removal or deftruction of the flighteft remains of our antient architecture. Let him do this, and I will allow that his letter, p. 1024, is all modefty, all truth, and all talents. H. A. U. AS a father of a numerous family, I am very glad to read the judicious and fpirited remarks of Ernulphus, p. 1011, on female drefs and manners. For these twenty years it has been my conftant theme, that the ruin of my country will originate in the drefs, habits, and manners, of females. Your readers will perceive by this fentiment that I am no flatterer, and many of your pretty perufers will pafs over this letter in difguft. Be it fo; but let me imprefs the numerous fathers who may run their eye over it with the train of ideas confequent to fuch a fentimenta fentiment confirmed in my mind into an-axiom ! If we fearch hiftory, we fhall find there has been fcarcely a great man but it was his mother who made him fo. What is the inference to be drawn from this fact? Why, that his mother nuft have been great and virtuous before him; and that the purfuits of her juvenile years muft have been-amiable, innocent, and excellent. Your correfpondent omits in his obfervations female education. Let us look to it; for here is the fource, here the fountain is poifoned; here the habits are formed, here the tafie (a wretched phrafe for folly) is begun. What are the employments of a ladies' modern fchool? How is Sunday enployed? How do they drefs? What is the meaning of their public nights? To what do they tend? What is their influence on the mind? Study this, ye fathers, whofe care goes but to acquire fortunes for your children: ftudy this, ye fathers, whofe conduct too often affifis, either by indulgence or example, all the concomitant evils: ftudy this, ye fathers, who are at a diftance from a gay Capital, and from the evil of its influence, and yet, who encourage by your fupport fuilar modes in the Country, fo that it is an abfolute fact that, at a difiance from the Metropolis, extremes hinted at and complained of are carried to a greater height.. Your Correfpondent refts his expectations on fathers; and, following his example, I have called upon them. But, alas! I am a father nyfelf, and it does not all lay with me; the cares of the world, the neceffity of a conftant application to bufinefs, makes it needful for another perfon to affift in this undertaking. Ye mothers, then, whose falfe tenderness, or whofe carelelinefs, leads you to wink at, or be blind to, the follies complained of, form refolutions in your minds, call up the latent feelings of your fouls, and affift in the reforming the manners of the age-of female levity in manners, pursuits, and drefs-and fave your Country! Yours, &c. ALFRED. Mr. URBAN, Dec. 7. AM glad to find that my remarks on Kit's Coity Houfe, p. 611, have drawn the attention of another correfpondent to that curious ftructure. The etymology given by Cantius, p. 915, is ingenious; but, when he fpeaks of "fome legend on the ftones now obli-' terated," I cannot help thinking the conjecture too bold, as the rude appearance of the ftones is fufficient, at the firft glance, to do away the idea of their having borne an infeription. Cantius wifes to explain Horfied by Hops-zed, he will, perhaps, thank me for referring him to the words of Bede (Eccl. Hift. lib. I. cap. 15): "Horfus poftea occifus in bello à Britonibus, hactenus in Orientalibus Cantii partibus monumentum habet fuo nomine infigne." Yours, &c. As WILLIAM HAMPER. MEMOIR'S |