The Romance Languages: A Linguistic Introduction

accent borrowed cantar Castilian Catalan Celtic century A.D. chapter classical common compared connotations consonant cultural declension definite article derived dialects diphthongization Engadine evidence feminine France gender Germanic grammarians grammatical guage guese Iberian imperfect influence instance Ital Italian Italy Latin declension lexical linguistic literary language Logudorian mance manian marker masculine meaning modern Romance morpheme nasal consonant nasal vowels noun Old French Old Spanish origin Oscan palatal perhaps period phemes phoneme plural popular Latin Portu Portuguese preferred probably pronoun pronunciation proto-Romance Provençal relationship replaced Rhetian Romance lan Romance languages Romance words Romania Ruma Rumanian Sardinian semantic semantic change simple past sixteenth century Slavic social sound Span Spanish and Portuguese speech spoken stage standard stress subjunctive substrat survives syllable tendency tense texts tion tongue unaccented usually velar verb Vulgar Latin West Western word-order