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Brought forward Of Rev. Joshua T. Russell, 'collected by him in New York, for the Professorship to be endowed by the Synods of New York and New Jersey Of Rev. Jacob Green, from Marlborough Church, North River Presbytery, for do.

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$150 79

1,200 00

17 00

Of Rev. Dr. Ezra Fisk, collected by him in Goshen Congregation, for do. 20 00
Of Rev. Henry Perkins, the last instalment of Dr. Wm. Davis, of Allentown,
N. J. $3, and from an individual 25 cents, for do.
Of Rev. David Comfort, per Rev. Dr. Alexander, the last instalment from
himself and from his congregation of Kingston, N. J., for do.

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Of Rev. Dr. Wm. M'Pheters, per Solomon Allen, Esq., from the Presbytery
of Orange, for the Southern Professorship

Of Rev. James G. Hamner, from Fayetteville Presbytery, for do.
Of Rev. John Cousar, from the Presbytery of Harmony, for do.

Of Rev. John Breckinridge, which with an order for $20, to be credited
when received, will be in full of his third year's subscription for the salary
of the Professor of Oriental and Biblical Literature

Of Rev. Abraham Williamson, $18, of which $13 is from the Female Benevolent Society of Chester, Morris county, N. J., for the Scholarship to be endowed by the Eumenian Society

Of Rev. William Nevins, for Senior Class of 1819 Scholarship

Of Rev. E. W. Crane, two years' interest for do.

Of Rev. Amzi Babbit, for do,

Of Rev. George S. Woodhull, $120, of which $100 is from Rev. David
Magie, of Elizabethtown, N. J., for Senior Class 1820 Scholarship

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8 50

25 00

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Of Rev. James Williamson, in part of his subscription for do. from the Education Society of Silver Spring

18 00

30 00

12 00

13 00

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Of Rev. George Stebbins, per Rev. Dr. Ezra Fisk, for Senior Class, 1823
Scholarship

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Of Rev. Samuel Taylor, per Rev. Dewey Whitney, as a member of Senior
Class of 1824

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Of Rev. George C. Potts, from Mrs. Ann Postlethwait, executrix of the estate
of Samuel Postlethwait, Esq., late of Natches, deceased, being his legacy
for founding a scholarship in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, terms
to be explained by the Rev. George Potts, of Natchez
Of Rev. George S. Woodhull, the legacy of Mr. Garrett Snedeker, late of
Cranberry, deceased, the interest of which is to be applied to the Educa-
tion of Indigent Students in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, for
Students' Fund

Received also a year's interest

25 00

500 00

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Of Benjamin Strong, Esq., also for the Education of Indigent Students
Of Mrs. Jane Keith, of Charleston, for a particular Student

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BRITAIN.-London papers to the 30th of April have been received at New York, containing a detailed statement of the settlement of a new British ministry, or cabinet, of which Mr. Canning is the head-The names of those who compose the cabinet, peers and commoners, are given in detail; but we have not space to insert them, and we suppose the omission will not be regretted by our readers. London, and indeed the whole kingdom, had been for a considerable time interested and agitated

Nor was

with this concern. The interest it excited was extended even to France. this without good reason. The character of the British cabinet has influence on all European interests-indeed it has influence throughout the civilized world. On the resignation of the Earl of Liverpool, in consequence of ill health, it appears that the king sent for Mr. Canning, and requested him to name a ministry of which he should be the head. It was the wish of the king, that all the former members of the cabi. net should retain their places, with the exception only of such changes as the resig nation of Lord Liverpool and the advancement of Mr. Canning rendered unavoidable. Canning himself appears to have been desirous that this should be at least the general arrangement. But the proud peers of the administration could not brook the idea that a commoner, and a mere novus homo, should be set over them, in the character of prime minister. They resigned their places, and appear to have expected to force the king to invite them back. But the resolute monarch took them at their word, did not soothe them at all, but directed his favourite to make a new selection, which, after much communication with whigs and tories, has at length been madegreatly, it is believed, to the chagrin of the dukes and lords who have resigned their places, their power, and their perquisites. There is good evidence that the king and Canning have the great mass of the nation decisively on their side. The aristocracy, the lords temporal and spiritual, are the party disobliged. Some of them however are still in the cabinet, and others are not unfriendly to the new order of things. But taking the nation at large, the king and the people are on one side, and the aristocracy on the other. The Duke of Wellington seems to have counted on an influence and a popularity which he was grievously disappointed at finding he did not possess. The new ministry was announced on the 28th of April, and the Parliament was to meet according to adjournment the first of May-The commerce of Britain appears to be reviving-Large emigrations, however, are taking place to the United States, and to Canada. From the port of Liverpool alone, it is estimated that thirteen hundred had emigrated in the space of a month-the most of them to the United States-Captain Parry has sailed on another northern voyage of discovery-His present object is, to reach if possible the North Pole-In Scotland, in the three first days of April, there was such a fall of snow as to intercept all travelling. Some of the wreaths, or banks, were from six to twelve feet deep-The Rev. John Thomas Shaw has been appointed Bishop of Calcutta, in the place of Bishop Heber deceased. The procla mation of our President, closing the ports of the United States against British vessels of a certain description, was known in London; and it does not appear that the measure was either unexpected or offensive. The birth day of the king was celebrated in London with unusual eclat, on account of his late firmness, in supporting Mr. Canning and dismissing the refractory members of his cabinet.

FRANCE. It appears that liberal principles are making progress in France. Some of the most distinguished friends of freedom have been elected to the legislative Chambers. The king had recalled the offensive law in regard to the press; and as soon as this was known there was a spontaneous and general illumination of Paris. The king seemed desirous to calm the agitation which this obnoxious law occasioned throughout France, and had appointed a meeting with his people in the Champ de Mars on the 29th of April. The late Marquis de la Place has been eloquently celebrated by a member of the French Academy; and Roger Collard, another member of the Academy, and one of the most earnest opposers of the law against the press, has been elected in his place, by a unanimous vote. On the 24th of April a royal ordinance was published in Paris giving the tables of the population of the kingdom, which it appears is done once every five years. The population of the whole kingdom, as given officially by the Prefects, is 31,845,428 souls-that of Paris 890,431that of Lyons above 145,000—that of Bourdeaux more than 93,000—and that of Marseilles nearly 116,000.

SPAIN. A considerable Spanish army has advanced to the frontiers of Portugal, as if to protect the borders of the kingdom against the inroads of the British army, now on the Portuguese frontiers. The two armies it is said are looking each other in the face, but it is believed that there will be no fighting-This kingdom is still in great agitation. An account, by the way of Gibraltar, states that the chief towns in Catalonia have risen in insurrection and declared in favour of the Infanta Don Carlos.

PORTUGAL IS not yet entirely quiet; but the rebels seem to have no large army in the field, and their leaders have taken care of themselves by leaving the kingdom. The Marquis de Chaves, and his uncle, Silveira, were in Spain, and were to be sent within the French territory, to keep them from mischief and from suspicion. It ap

pears that Don Pedro had sent over to Portugal some important and energetic decrees, which the British minister, Sir A. Van Court, was exceedingly desirous should not be promulgated-The measures and manœuvres of this wily politician have heretofore been hostile to freedom, and we suspect that he will do no good in Portugal.

GREECE. The last accounts from Greece are calculated to give great pleasure to all the friends of freedom. The Turks have been defeated and driven from Athens, and the Greeks have recaptured a fortress in the neighbourhood of Missolonghi. In every part of the Morea their affairs are assuming a promising aspect. They have, it appears, in different parts of their country, no less than 28,300 soldiers in actual service, and their marine is highly respectable and fast increasing. Lord Cochrane has arrived at Napoli, and his arrival and their late successes have been celebrated with enthusiastic joy. We hope the supplies of food and raiment, sent them from our own and other countries, will relieve the pressing want of the necessaries of life which they have experienced for a year past. Lord Cochrane, a few days after his arrival, sailed with a small squadron on a secret expedition-He is not likely to be inactive, and we hope he will not disappoint the raised expectations of the interesting people to whose aid he has devoted his talents and his resources.

TURKEY.-The Turk seems obstinately bent on prosecuting military operations for the subjugation of Greece, and we should not be surprised if he should pursue them to his own destruction. He appears to resist the overtures of Britain and Russia, favoured as they are, at least ostensibly, by all the great European powers, for an accommodation of his quarrel with the Greeks-He refuses accommodation on any terms but those of unconditional submission on their part; and those terms we are well satisfied will never be accepted. The Greeks would never accept them, if left to themselves; and if they would, Russia and Britain have gone too far to permit them to do it. These powers are pressing the Turkish Divan to accept their mediation, and listen to the propositions which they make. But the Sultan sometimes equivocates, at others is insolent, and hitherto has been unyielding. A favourite prime minister has either resigned, or been displaced, because he was thought to be too tame. We look with no small share of interested feeling to the issue of the present state of things in this despotick empire.-The business of the janissaries is not yet finally settled.

RUSSIA. Official documents recently published at St. Petersburg, make the population of the Russian empire to consist of 59,534,000 souls, upon a superficies of 375,174 square miles. The Roman empire, when at its height, did not, we think, embrace so large a territory as that of Russia, at the present time; and this enormous territory is still constantly enlarging. A very considerable addition is likely to be made to it, as the result of the late war with Persia. If it long holds together, in all its present extent, it will be a new thing under the sun. At present, however, we see no indication of its diminution. It is said that the Emperor Nicholas has marched an army of 100,000 men to the borders of Turkey, with a view to overawe the Turks in his negotiations relative to the Greeks-He has also published an ukase, highly approving of the part taken by the Arminians in his military operations against Persia.

ASIA.

By the late conquests of Russia, the British and Russian possessions in Asia seem likely to come in contact with each other; and recent accounts represent this circumstance as having occasioned no small alarm to the British authorities in India. The Russians will certainly be far more formidable neighbours, if they become neighbours, to the British, than the native Indian princes, or than the Burmese or Chinese, whose borders and theirs are separated only by an arbitrary line. Britain and Russia, although pressed together by the power of Buonaparte, have long been jealous of each other. Hitherto their disputes have been about maritime rights and prerogatives; but if their land territories should meet, the danger of a serious quarrel will be much increased. We have no very recent intelligence of missionary operations in India; farther than that a new bishop, as we have already stated, has been appointed for that country, by the English Episcopal church; and that the Baptist mission in India has acquired sufficient strength to support itself, and has amicably separated from the parent institution in Britain.

AFRICA.

In our Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, we have stated that letters had been received from Major Laing at Timbuctoo. We have since observed in a London paper of April 26th, that "letters from Tripoli state that Major Laing and Captain Clapperton met at Timbuctoo, and were making their way to Tripoli." If they return to their country in safety, much and long wished for information, in regard to the interior of this great continent, will doubtless be communicated to the world.

AMERICA.

BRAZIL AND BUENOS AYRES are still at war. It seems now to be well ascertained that the battle between the Imperialists and Republicans at Rio Grande, of which we last month gave some account, although not entirely decisive, terminated greatly in favour of the Republicans. By sea also, it appears that the Republicans, with a very inferior navy, have gained some important advantages over the Imperial fleet-Don Pedro is making strenuous exertions to reinforce both his army and his fleet; but we think he is likely to be driven entirely from the Banda Oriental. In other parts of his dominions, likewise, much uneasiness exists, and rebellion occasionally breaks out. He is certainly a man of considerable talents; but he seems likely to have a full demand for all his energies and resources, especially if he should quarrel, as he seems disposed to do, with the United States-In the mean time, it is said that he is about to supply the loss of the late empress by taking another in her place. It is easier for a prince to supply the loss of a wife, than the loss of such a territory as the Banda Oriental.

MEXICO. The last accounts from this republick represent the civil dissentions existing there as likely to be terminated, with less difficulty than had been anticipated. The constituted authorities appear to possess the public confidence, and to act with energy. We have seen a long list of vessels taken and destroyed on the coast of Cuba by the Mexican squadron. Commodore Porter has manifested a degree both of sagacity and enterprise, which have deservedly raised him to high estimation with the Mexi cans. A late arrival from the Havanna brings information that he had left Key West, privately in a sloop-his object and destination unknown. He has left one of his frigates on that station-We hear nothing of the congress of Tacubaya.

COLOMBIA. This republick is still in a very agitated state. The general congress was coming together at the last accounts; and it is positively stated that Bolivar had actually sent in his resignation. If so, we hope we shall hear no more of his treachery and tyrannical projects. We believe he has always acted according to his best judg ment, for the good of his country. In some things he may have erred-Who of mortals can say he never erred?"

GUATEMALA.-This republick is still convulsed. It appears that recently there has been a bloody battle between its military forces and those of Salvadore, in which the latter were defeated.

UNITED STATES.-We have already intimated that the emperor of Brazil had shown an unfriendly, if not a positively hostile disposition toward our country. His arbitrary and unjust measures in regard to our seafaring brethren, and his insolent treatment of our Charge des Affairs, Condy Raguet, Esq., when he interposed in behalf of his countrymen, induced Mr. Raguet to demand his passports, which were granted, and he has returned with his family to the United States. There is every evidence that Mr. R. acted with propriety, as well as with spirit, in this affair. The citizens of the United States at Rio Janeiro gave him a publick dinner, in testimony of their esteem, and presented him with a very flattering address. No less than nine masters of Bri tish vessels at Rio, also united in an address to Mr. R., thanking him for the incidental services he had rendered them, and regretting his departure. He has gone on to Washington, where we doubt not our government will promptly take the measures which the occasion demands.

ERRATUM IN THE PRESENT NUMBER.

In the paragraph which introduces Religious Intelligence, we have intimated that a notice would appear in our present Number relative to the directors of the Western Theological Seminary. After the form containing the paragraph was struck off, it was discovered that this notice had been mislaid and not put in type-It shall appear next month.

THE

CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE.

JULY, 1827.

Keligious Communications.

LECTURES ON THE SHORTER CATECHISM OF THE WESTMINSTER AS

constitute them, are often, to a certain degree, mingled together. The

SEMBLY OF DIVINES-ADDRESSED subjects of these exercises are not

TO YOUTH.

LECTURE XXVIII.

(Concluded from p. 244.) Having now, as I hope, prepared the way for understanding more fully the answer before us, and endeavoured to guard it against abuse, let us consider the first clause of the answer before us, which stands thus "Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit."

The difference between an act and a work, has been explained to many of you, when you repeated your catechism to your pastors. An act is a single exertion or operation, and takes place and is finished at once. A work is a series, or continuation of acts or operations; and continues for some length of time. Now as effectual calling consists, as the answer shows, of several progressive steps, it is, of course, a work. It should, how ever, be observed and remembered, that the several steps or gradations of advance, in this work, although capable of being separately considered, are not so separated in experience as that one is always completed before another is began. In discourse we can distinguish them, and it is useful to do so. But when they take place in the mind of an individual, the exercises which VOL. V.-Ch. Adv.

like persons making advances in science. They do not make one finished attainment, and then pass on to another, in a regular and unvaried course. On the contrary, he who is effectually called, seldom perhaps thinks of the several parts or steps of his calling, till the whole is completed; when, by reflection, he may perceive that he has shared in all.

The word calling, in the answer before us, deserves your particular notice. Men are outwardly called to repentance and newness of life, by providential dispensations, and especially by the preaching of the gospel. But these calls are often not effectual-Alas! how few regard them as they ought. The inward call, however, which we here consider, is always regarded and complied with, and is therefore denominated an effectual call. It is the special office of the Holy and blessed Spirit of God, to give this inward and effectual call to the soul; and his sacred influences are constantly to be sought in prayer for this purpose.

In effectual calling, the first step is to convince us suitably of our sin and misery. There are very few who will not acknowledge that they are sinners. Sometimes, when natural conscience is wounded by the 20

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