The World of Mathematics, Volumen 2

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Courier Corporation, 1 ene 2000 - 720 páginas
Vol. 2 of a monumental 4-volume set covers mathematics and the physical world, mathematics and social science, and the laws of chance, with non-technical essays by and about scores of eminent mathematicians, economists, scientists, and others. Individual articles on "Mathematics of Motion," by Galileo Galilei; "Mathematics of Heredity," by Gregor Mendel; "Mathematics of Population and Food," by Thomas Robert Malthus, and many more. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
 

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Índice

Mathematics and the Physical
726
Mathematics and the Physical World
728
Mathematics of Motion by GALILEO GALILEI
734
Commentary
771
Kinetic Theory of Gases by DANIEL BERNOULLI
774
The Longitude by LLOYD A BROWN
780
Commentary
820
John Couch Adams and the Discovery of Neptune by SIR HAROLD SPENCER JONES
833
Heredity and the Quantum Theory by ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER
975
Commentary
996
On Magnitude by DARCY WENTWORTH THOMPSON
1001
The Uncertainty Principle by WERNER HEISENBERG
1051
Causality and Wave Mechanics by ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER
1056
Commentary
1069
The Constants of Nature by SIR ARTHUR STANLEY EDDINGTON
1074
The New Law of Gravitation and the Old Law
1094

Commentary
840
Atomic Numbers by H G J MOSELEY
842
The Röntgen Rays by SIR WILLIAM BRAGG
854
Crystals and the Future of Physics
871
What Is Calculus of Variations and What Are Its Applica tions? by KARL MENGER
886
The Soapbubble by C VERNON BOYS
891
Plateaus Problem
901
Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements
913
Mendeléeff by BERNARD JAFFE
919
Commentary
932
Mathematics of Heredity by GREGOR MENDEL
937
Commentary
950
On Being the Right Size by J B S HALDANE
952
Mathematics of Natural Selection by J B S HALDANE
958
Commentary
973
The Theory of Relativity by CLEMENT V DURELL
1107
Mathematics and Social Science
1145
Classification of Men According to Their Natural Gifts
1173
Commentary
1189
Theory of Political Economy
1217
Sociology Learns the Language of Mathematics
1294
The Laws of Chance
1315
Concerning Probability by PIERRE SIMON DE LAPLACE
1325
The Red and the Black by CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE
1334
The Probability of Induction by CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE
1341
The Application of Probability to Conduct
1360
Chance by HENRI POINCARÉ
1380
Commentary
1395
INDEX follows page
1414
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James R. Newman's World of Mathematics
James R. Newman (1907–1966) was a rare mathematician who was also a lawyer who held several administrative positions in the United States government during and after World War II, including Chief Intelligence Officer at the US Embassy in London. His mammoth four-volume World of Mathematics was first published in 1956 and reprinted by Dover in 2000. It represented the culmination of a fifteen-year effort by Newman, in his later years as a member of the Editorial Board of Scientific American, to assemble in one publication what he considered the most important essays in the field. It's the book that has introduced generations of students to the range and extent of mathematical literature.

In the Author's Own Words:
"The Theory of Groups is a branch of mathematics in which one does something to something and then compares the result with the result obtained from doing the same thing to something else, or something else to the same thing."

"The discovery in 1846 of the planet Neptune was a dramatic and spectacular achievement of mathematical astronomy. The very existence of this new member of the solar system, and its exact location, were demonstrated with pencil and paper; there was left to observers only the routine task of pointing their telescopes at the spot the mathematicians had marked." ? James R. Newman

Critical Acclaim for The World of Mathematics:
"Others with bigger and now whetted appetites will no doubt regard this book as a generous hors d’oeuvre and obtain additional fare by pursuing the numerous recommendations made by the author." ? Morris Kline, New York Herald Tribune Book Review

"Promises to be the most frequently used reference book on mathematics, as well as a delight to readers with a wide range of backgrounds." ? J.G. Kemeny, The New York Times

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