the Supreme Pontiff gave to bishop Hugh the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, and confirmed him in possession thereof; and granted to bishop John the bishopric of Dunkeld, together with all the things before mentioned that had been offered him on part of the king of Scotland, and confirmed him therein. On this, Hugh returned home and received the bishopric of Saint Andrew's. Bishop John also received the bishopric of Dunkeld; but as the king of Scotland declined to restore to him what he had taken away, he again put forward his claims against bishop Hugh as to the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, as stated in the sequel.

In the same year, our lord the king commanded Richard, his son and heir, to receive the homage of his brother John for Poitou, but he declined receiving it. In the same year a grievous dissension arose between the Romans and pope Lucius, relative to certain customs which his predecessors had been in the habit of following, but which the pope above-named swore he would never comply with. At this the Romans were indignant, and were frequently guilty of ravages and incendiarism in the territories of our lord the pope; on which, the pope flying from place to place, took refuge in his castles and fortified cities. To defend him there came Christian, archbishop of Mentz, chancellor of the lord Frederick, emperor of the Romans, having levied a large army for that purpose. The Romans, being unable to oppose him, returned to Rome, on which the before-named chancellor, pursuing them, laid waste every thing that belonged to the Romans, and followed them even to the very gates of the city of Rome, setting fire to all the suburbs thereof.

On this, the Romans, seeing that they were devoted to ruin, devised how they might slay the before-named chancellor by stratagem; and, as all other modes were wanting to them, they determined to take him off by means of poison, and did so. For when the said chancellor and his army were at a distance of nearly ten miles from the city, the Romans sent envoys, clad in the garb of poor men, to learn the state of the court, who, after learning all particulars relating thereto, discovered, among other matters, one thing which they made choice of in order to effect his destruction. For there was near that spot a spring of water exceedingly limpid, the water of which, mixed with wine, the chancellor and his army were in the habit of drinking. Accordingly, these wicked traitors went to the spring,

and drugged it thoroughly with poison, so that the water flowing therefrom was corrupted. Consequently, on the chancellor drinking thereof, he died by a speedy death. There also died after him more than a thousand men who had drank of the said spring. When the death of the chancellor became publicly known, his army was dispersed and put to flight, on which the Romans rose in rebellion with still greater acrimony against our lord the pope.

In the same year, Philip, earl of Flanders, married the sister of Sancho, king of Portugal. In this year, also, our lord the king of England gave the archbishopric of Rouen to Walter de Coutances, bishop of Lincoln, and Lucius, our lord the pope, sent him the pall. The said pope, not being able successfully to oppose the Romans, sent his ambassadors to the kings and chief men of the various countries, both secular and ecclesiastical, to gain assistance in the defence of Saint Peter against the Romans: upon which his envoys came to Henry, king of England, to ask him, and the clergy of England, to afford him assistance. Accordingly, the king consulted his bishops and the clergy of England, as to the prayer of the Supreme Pontiff; on which the bishops and clergy advised him, according to his own inclination and honor, to give assistance to our lord the pope, both on his own behalf as well as on theirs; inasmuch as it would be more endurable to them, and would please them better, that their lord the king should, if he so pleased, receive from them a recompense for such assistance, than if he should allow the nuncios of our lord the pope to come to England to receive assistance from themselves; as, if any other step than the one named were taken, it might possibly be turned into a precedent, to the detriment of the kingdom. The king acquiesced in their advice, and gave considerable assistance to the pope, in gold and silver.

Accordingly, by means of this money, and other sums of money lent to him by other princes from all quarters, our lord the pope made peace with the Romans, which was necessary

for him and the Church of Rome.

In the same year, died Rotrod, archbishop of Rouen, and was succeeded by 27 Walter, bishop of Lincoln. In this year also died Richard Pecche, bishop of Chester, who was suc

27 This has been mentioned already.

ceeded by Gerard Lapucelle.28 In the same year, Gilbert, surnamed Assaili, grand master of the house of the Hospital at Jerusalem, came into Normandy to king Henry, and was honorably entertained by him. Having obtained the king's permission to cross over to England, he came to Dieppe, and, before the feast of Saint Michael, embarked on board of a ship which had been lying for nearly a year upon the sands of the sea-shore, shattered and dried up, and had lately been a little repaired and refitted, and launched again, together with many other persons, clergy as well as laity, who had become tired with waiting: but shortly after, when the vessel had got out of harbour into the open sea, the seams opening, it went down into the deep, just like a stone; on which Gilbert, and all the rest who were on board of it, with the exception of eight only, who escaped by means of a boat, were drowned, on the thirteenth day before the calends of October. In the same year, Henry, king of England, a conference being held on the day of Saint Nicholas, between him and Philip, king of France, between Gisors and Trie, did homage to Philip, king of France, for all his lands beyond sea, whereas before this he had never been willing to do homage to him.

In the year of grace 1184, being the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, the said king was at Le Mans on the day of the Nativity of our Lord, which took place on the Lord's day. In the same year, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, departed this life on the fourteenth day before the calends of March; to whom, before he was taken ill, the Lord appeared in a vision, saying, "Thou hast wasted the property of my church, and I will root thee from out of the earth." Being greatly terrified at this vision, he immediately fell ill, and died on the eighth day after. In the same year, the king of England, having made peace between Philip, king of France, and Philip, earl of Flanders, with reference to the disputes that existed between them concerning the land of Vermandois, passed through the middle of Flanders, and crossed over from Witsand to Dover, in England, where he landed on the fourth day before the ides of June; his daughter, the duchess of Saxony, crossing over with him.

28 Roger of Wendover says, that he died within ten weeks of his con

secration.

In the same year, and the same week in which the king landed in England, a spring of running water, near the church of Saint Winin, in the western parts of the territories of the king of Scotland, below Tyningham, and not far from the castle of Irwine,29 flowed with blood, without intermission, for eight days and as many nights. In the same year, the king's daughter, the duchess of Saxony, was delivered of a son at Winchester. In this year also, Theobald, count of Blois, uncle to Philip, king of France, came into England on a pilgrimage to Saint Thomas, at Canterbury. In this year also, Henry, duke of Saxony, the king's son-in-law, came to England. In the same year died Simon, earl of Huntingdon, on whose decease the king gave the said earldom to William, king of the Scots; immediately on which, in presence of the king, he conferred the earldom on his brother David.

In the same year, Gilbert de Plumpton, a knight of noble birth, being led in chains to Worcester, and accused of rape before our lord, the king of England, by Ranulph de Glanville, justiciary of England, who wished to condemn him, he was by an unjust judgment condemned to be hanged on a gibbet; and when he was led forth to the gibbet, there met him a multitude of men and women, crying aloud and saying, that a righteous and innocent man ought not thus to suffer. Upon this, Baldwin, the bishop of Worcester, a religious man and one who feared God, hearing the shouts of the people, and learning the injustice that was being perpetrated against this wretched man, ran after him; but the ministers of wickedness, hastening to perpetrate their crime, fastening a rope round his neck had suspended him aloft, when lo! the bishop of Worcester came up in all haste, and said to the executioners; "In behalf of Almighty God, and under pain of excommunication, I forbid you to put that man to death this day, for it is the Lord's day, and the feast of Saint Mary Magdalen.' At these words the executioners stood astounded, hesitating what to do, for they feared the king's justice, and dreaded sentence of excommunication. However, the Divine power prevailed, and from respect for the solemnity of the day, they loosed the rope and let him come to the ground, to be kept until the next morning; when he was to undergo the same punishment. That same night, our lord the king, being moved with pity, and influenced 29 Irving.

by the counsels of his followers, commanded that he should remain as he was, until he should give further orders what was to be done with him; for he was aware that Ranulph de Glanville had thus acted towards him from feelings of dislike, and wished to put him to death on account of his wife, the daughter of Roger Gulewast, whom the said Ranulph wished to give in marriage, together with her inheritance, to his friend Reiner, the sheriff of York. Accordingly, the knight, being rescued from death, was kept in prison by Ranulph de Glanville, until the king's death.

After this, our lord the king came to Reading, and holding a council there as to choosing a pastor for the Church of Canterbury, a strife and contention arose between the monks of Canterbury and the bishops of England. For the monks claimed to have the first voice in the election, and produced a charter of our lord the king, by which he had granted and confirmed to them freedom of election. The bishops, on the other hand, used their best endeavours to prove that that charter ought not to be observed, both because it was made contrary to law, and tended to the injury of the Church of England, as also, because the election of their own metropolitan belonged to themselves. In consequence of this dispute, no terms could be come to between them on the present occasion.

By command of our lord the king, the bishops of England and the monks of Canterbury met at London, in the king's presence, for the election of an archbishop of Canterbury; and, the contention still continuing, Gilbert, bishop of London, who, according to the ancient right of his see, had the first voice in the election, made choice of Baldwin, the bishop of Worcester, as archbishop of Canterbury, on the fourth day before the nones of December; upon which all the bishops gave their assent to that choice; the monks of the Church of Canterbury, being the only persons who made any opposition, departed for the purpose of appealing to our lord the pope, and the bishops of England presented to the king the person whom they had elected. On their presentation and election, our lord the king received him with the kiss of peace and love; which example was followed by Richard, Geoffrey, and John, the king's sons.

After this, our lord the king came to Canterbury, for the purpose of putting an end to the angry feelings of the monks,

VOL. II.

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