Extract from the Preface to the Second Edition.

Accuracy, and minuteness of detail, where the subject seemed to require it, have been our landmark throughout this laborious performance. We say laborious; but were all readers antiquarians, even so much need not have been said. Although we have been very minute, in numerous instances, in our lives of chiefs, yet there are many others in which we gladly would have been more so, if materials could, at the time of writing, have been had. However, we do not presume that we arrogate to ourselves too much, when we promise to give the reader a much greater amount of Indian history, than he can elsewhere find in many separate works.

The merits or demerits of INDIAN BIOGRAPHY rest solely upon its author, whose various cares and avocations, could they be known to the critical reader, would cause him to be sparing of his criticisms. We call this the second edition, although we have treated the subject under a new arrangement. The method of books and chapters was adopted mainly for the benefi of combining history with biography. Besides containing all of the first edition which was important, this will be found to contain, in addition, three times as much new matter.

Many names of the same persons and places will, perhaps, be found spelt differently in various parts of the work; but this our plan could not obviate, because we wished to preserve the orthography of each author from whom we extracted, in that particular. Except in quotations, we did intend to have been uniform; but we are aware that we have not been entirely so, from several causes, which need no explanation.

In general, the notes give due credit to all such as have assisted the author in any way in his work. As to the works of deceased authors, we have made use of them as public property, taking care always to cite them, except where the same facts were common to many

A TABLE

OF THE

PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Abenakies, near Three Rivers, in Canada; in number about 150, in 1780; in 1689, about 200.

Absorokas, or Crow Indians, on the Missouri, near the Rocky Mountains.
Adirondaks, on the St. Lawrence; numerous in 1607; in 1786, about 100.
Ajoues, south of the Missouri, and north of the Padoucas; 1100 in 1760.
Amalistes, formerly on the St. Lawrence; about 500 in 1760.

Apalachicolas, on the river of that name; in 1835, about 340; have agreed to emigrate; about 260 have gone west of the Mississippi.

Arrapahas, now about 4000, about the sources of the Kanzas River.
Assinnaboins, now about 1000, on Ottowa River; reduced by the Sioux.
Attikamegues, in north of Canada; destroyed by disease in 1670.
Aughquagas, on the east branch of the Susquehannah River; 150 in 1768.

Bedies, on Trinity River, about 60 miles southward of Nacogdoches; 100.
Big Devil Indians, Yonktons of the Plains, 2500; heads of the Red River.
Blackfeet, various warlike bands about the sources of the Missouri, and in the re-
gion of the Rocky Mountains; estimated in 1834 at 30,000.

Blanches, or Bearded Indians, white Indians on upper southern branches Missouri; 1500 in 1760.

Brothertons, in New York, near Oneida Lake; now (1836) supposed to number 350.

Caddoes, in 1717, a powerful nation on Red River; now reckoned at 800.
Caucas, near the heads of the Arkansas; neither brave nor generous.

Camanches, or Comanches, a warlike and numerous race on the confines of Texas. Catarbas, on Catawba River, in South Carolina; had long wars with the Iroquois ; 150 warriors in 1764.

Caughnewagas, tribes of praying Indians, in several places.

Cherokees, Carolina and Tennessee; 12,000 in 1812; 9,000 have agreed to emigrate.

Chiens, near the source of Chien River; 200 in 1820.

Chikahominies, on Matapony River, in Virginia, in 1661; but 3 or 4 in 1790.

Chikasaws, between the head branches of Mobile River in 1780; once said to have been 10,000; in 1763, about 250; now vastly increased; in 1835, 5600 agreed to emigrate.

Chikamaugas, on the Tennessee, 90 miles below the Cherokees; many years since broken from them, under the chief, Dragomono.

Chillukittequaus, next below the Narrows on the Columbia; 1400, in 32 lodges. Chimnahpum, at Lewis's River, N. W. side of the Columbia: 1800, in 42 lodges. Chinnooks, north side of Columbia River; 400, in 28 lodges.

Chippewas, many formidable tribes about the great lakes.—See Ojibwas.

Choktaus, formerly of Carolina; about 15,000 in 1812; now on a government grant of 15,000,000 acres on the north side Red River, and about 18,000.

Chopunnishes, on the Kooskooskee, 2000; and on Lewis's River, below Koos kooskee, to the Columbia, 2300; in all, in 1806, 73 lodges.

Clakstars, beyond the Rocky Mountains; 1200, in 23 lodges.

X

A TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Clatsops, below mouth Columbia, about Point Adams; 200, in 14 lodges.

Cohaxies, nearly destroyed by the Saques and Foxes, in the time of Pontiak; in 1800, a few wanderers near Winnebago Lake.

Comanches-See Camanches.

Condies, near the east branch of the Susquehannah; about 40 in 1780.
Congarees, on the Congaree River in South Carolina

Copper Indians, far in the north, about Coppermine River; numerous.

Corees, a tribe of North Carolina.

Creeks, formerly over a vast country from near the Gulf of Mexico, north-east
Crees, north of the Missouri, and west of the Mississippi; 3000 in 1834.

Delawares, once numerous on the river and bay of the same name, now chiefly beyond the Mississippi; anciently, Lenalenape.

Dinondadies, a tribe of the Hurons; same as the Tsononthouans of the French. Docotas, bands of the Sioux.

Dog Indians, or Chiens, 3460 on the heads of Chayenne River.

Dog-rib Indians, tribe of Blackfeet, to the north of them; of a different language.

Echemins, on a river of their name, which flows into the St. Lawrence, on the E. sideEneshures, at the Great Narrows of the Columbia; 1200, in 41 clans.

Eries, on the east of the lake of their name, entirely exterminated by the Iroquois. Eskeloots, on the Columbia; 1000, in 21 lodges or clans.

Esquimaux, about Labrador and the neighboring country.

Euchees, friendly Creeks; 200 now in service against the Seminoles.

Five Nations, anciently many thousands on the east of the great lakes.
Flat-heads, beyond the Rocky Mountains, on a fork of Columbia River.
Foxes, or Ottogamies, on Fox River, in Illinois.-See Saques and Foxes.
Fond du Lac Indians, roam from Snake River to the Sandy Lakes.

Gay Head Indians, on Martha's Vineyard; probably Wampanoags; 200 in 1800.
Grand River Indians, on Grand River, north side Lake Ontario; remnant of the
Iroquois; 2000.

Gros Ventres, on the River Maria, in 1806; 3000 in 1834, west of the Mississippi.

Herring Pond Indians, Wampanoags, in Sandwich, Mass.; about 40.
Hurons, numerous and formidable; upon Lake Huron and adjacent.

Illinois, formerly numerous upon the Illinois River.

Ioways, recently on Ioway River, now scattered among other tribes of the west; 1100.

Iroquois, or Five Nations, a chief remnant now op Grand River.-See Grand Rivers.

Kaninavisches, wanderers on the Yellow Stone, near its source; about 2000.
Kanzas, on the river of the same name; about 1000.

Kaskayas, between the sources of the Platte and Rocky Mountains, beyond the
Kites; 3000.

Kiawas, also beyond the Kites; in number about 1000.

Kigenes, on the coast of the Pacific, under a chief named Skittegates, in 1821. Kikapoos, formerly in Illinois; now about 300, chiefly beyond the Mississippi. Killamuks, branch of the Clatsops, coast Pacific ocean; about 1000.

Killawats, in a large town south-east of the Luktons.

Kimoenims, band of Chopunnish, on Lewis's River; 800, in 33 clans.
Kites, between sources Platte and the Rocky Mountains; about 500.
Knisteneaux, or Christinaux, on Assinnaboin River; 5000 in 1812.

Kookkoo-ooses, south of the Killawats, on the coast of the Pacific; about 1500.

Leech River Indians, near Sandy Lake; about 350.

Lenape, or Lenelenape, former name of the Delawares, which see.

Lukawisses, on the coast of the Pacific ocean, about 800.

Luktons, to the south-west of the Killamuks, on the coast of the Pacific.

Mandans, 1612 miles up the Missouri, on both sides; about 1200.

Manahoaks, formerly a great nation of Virginia, some time since extinct.

Marshpees, chiefly a mixed remnant of the noble Wampanoags, in Sandwich, Mass.; about 400; lately conspicuous in asserting their dormant rights, under the direc tion of the efficient Mr. WILLIAM APESS, of Pequot descent.

Massawomes, formerly a very warlike nation in what is now Kentucky.

A TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

xi

Menominies, formerly on Illinois River; now about 300, west of the Mississippi.
Messasagnes, subdued early by, and incorporated with the Iroquois; about Lakes.
Huron and Superior in 1764, and then reckoned at 2000.

Miamies, on the Mississippi, below the Ouisconsin, and in number about 1500.
Mikmaks, on the River St. Lawrence; about 500 in 1786.

Mindawarcarton, the only band of Sioux that cultivates corn, beans, &c.

Minetares, on Knife River, near the Missouri, 5 miles above the Mandans; 2500. Mingoes; such of the Iroquois were so called as resided upon the Sioto River. Mohawks, formerly a great tribe of the Iroquois, and the most warlike of those Five Nations.

Moheakunnuks, formerly between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers.

Mohegans, a remnant now on Thames, below Norwich, in Connecticut.
Mosquitos, a numerous race, on the east side of the Isthmus of Darien.
Multnomahs, tribe of the Wappatoos, mouth Multnomah River; 800.

Munsees, N. branch Susquehannah in 1780; on Wabash in 1808; now unknown.
Muskogees, on Alabama and Apalachicola Rivers; 17,000 in 1775.

Nabijos, between N. Mexico and the Pacific; live in stone houses, and manufacture,
Nantikokes, near the east branch of the Susquehannah in 1780, and about 80.
Narragansets, once a powerful nation about the south of the bay of that name.
Natchez, discovered in 1701; chiefly destroyed in 1720; 150 in 1764.
Niantiks, a tribe of the Narragansets, and were in alliance with them.
Nicariagas, once about Michilimakinak; joined Iroquois in 1723.
Nipissins, near the source of the Ottoway River; about 400 in 1764.
Nipmuks, interior of Massachusetts; 1500 in 1675; long since extinct.
Nottoways, on Nottoway River, in Virginia; but two of clear blood in 1817.

Oakmulges, to the east of Flint River; about 200 in 1834.
Ojibwas, or Chippewas, about 30,000, on the great lakes.

Omahas, on Elkhorn River, 80 miles from Council Bluffs; about 2200.
Oneidas, a nation of the Iroquois, near Oneida Lake; about 1000.

Onondagas, a nation of the Iroquois, Onondaga Hollow; about 300.

Ootlashoots, tribe of the Tuskepas, on Clark's River, W. Rocky Mountains; about 400.

Osages, Great and Little, on Arkansaw and Osage Rivers; about 4000.

Otagamies, between the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi; 300 in 1780.

Ottawas, east Lake Michigan; 2800 in 1820; at Lake Huron, about 200 in 1786. Ottoes, on Platte River; about 1500 in 1820.

Ouiatonons, on the Wabash formerly; 300 in 1779.

Ozas, about Red River; about 2000 in 1750.

Padoacas, south of the Missouri, and west of the Mississippi; 2000 in 1834.
Pancas, on the west of the Missouri; about 750 in 1830.

Panis, white, south Missouri, 2000; freckled Panis, about 1700.

Passamaquoddies, remnant of the Tarratines, on Schoodic River; about 379.
Paunees, on the Platte and its branches; about 10,000.

Pelloatpallah, tribe of the Chopunnish, on Kooskooskee; about 1600.

Penobscots, island in Penobscot River, 12 miles above Bangor; about 300.

Pequots, formerly about the mouth of the Connecticut, now a mixed remnant, about 100.

Piankeshaws, on the Wabash, formerly 3000; in 1780, but 950.

Pishquitpahs, north side Columbia, at Muscleshell Rapids, about 2600.

Pottowattomies, formerly numerous, now on Huron River, about 160.

Powhatans, 32 nations, or tribes, spread over Virginia when settled by the whites.

Quapaws, opposite Little Rock, on Arkansaw River; about 700.

Quathlahpohtles, S. W. side Columbia, above the mouth of Tahwahnahiooks.

Quatoghies, formerly ou S. Lake Michigan; sold their country to English in 1707. Quicetsos, coast Pacific Ocean, north mouth Columbia; about 250.

Quiniilts, coast Pacific, S. Quieetsos, and N. Columbia; about 1000.

Quinnecharts, coast Pacific, N. the Quieetsos; about 2000.

Rapids, a brave tribe, on the prairies, towards the sources of the Missouri.

Red-knife Indians, (so called from their copper knives,) roam in the region of Slave Lake.

Ricarees, on Missouri, between the Great Bend and Mandan.

River Indians, formerly south of the Iroquois, down the north side of Hudson River to the sea.

xii

A TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Roundheads, on the east side of Lake Superior; about 2500 in 1764.

Sauks, Sacs, or Saques, in Illinois, about Lake Winnebago; now about 500 in Missouri.

Scattakooks, upper part of Troy in New York; went from New England about 1672.
Seminoles, East Florida, now (1836) estimated from 6 to 10,000.

Senecas, one of the ancient Iroquois nations; 2200 near Buffalo, New York.
Serraunes, in Carolina, nearly destroyed by the Westoes, about 1670.
Shahalahs, at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia River; 2800, in 62 lodges.
Shawanees, now about 1300 on the Missouri.

Shoshonese, or Snakes, driven into the Rocky Mountains by the Blackfeet.
Sioux, on St. Peters, Mississippi and Missouri; numerous; 33,000.
Skilloots, on the Columbia, from Sturgeon Island upward; about 2500.
Snake Indians, or Shoshones; borders Rocky Mountains, about 8000.
Smokshops, on Columbia River, at mouth of Labiche; 800, in 24 clans.
Sokokies, anciently upon Saco River; now extinct.

Sokulks, on Columbia, above Lewis's River; about 2400, in 120 lodges.
Souties, the name by which some know the Ottowas, which see.
Soyennoms, on east fork Lewis's River; about 400, in 33 villages.
Staitans, a name by which the Kites are known, which see.

Stockbridge Indians, New Stockbridge, New York; about 400 in 1820.

St. John's Indians, remnant of the Esquimaux, on the St. John's in New Brunswick, 300.

Symerons, on the east side of the Isthmus of Darien; numerous.

Tetons, piratical bands of the Sioux of the Missouri.

Tsononthouans, tribe of the Hurons.-See Dinondadies.

Tuscaroras, joined the Iroquois from Carolina in 1712.

Twightwees, on the Great Miami; 200 in 1780.

Tushepahs, on Clark's River in summer, and Missouri in winter; about 430.
Tuteloes, an ancient nation between Chesapeake and Delaware Bays.

Uchees, a tribe of Creeks, formerly in four towns.--See Euchees.
Ulseahs, on the coast of the Pacific ocean; about 150.

Wabinga, between the west branch of Delaware and Hudson Rivers.
Wanamies, in New Jersey, from the Rariton to the sea.

Wahowpums, on the north branch of the Columbia; about 700, in 33 lodges.
Wappatoos, 13 tribes, of various names, on the Columbia; about 5500.
Welsh Indians, said to be on a southern branch of the Missouri.

Westoes, once a powerful tribe in South Carolina, nearly destroyed in 1670.
Willewahs, about 500, in 33 clans, on Willewah River.

Winnebagos, on Winnebago Lake, now chiefly beyond the Mississippi.
Wolf Indians, a tribe of the Pawnees, commonly called Pawnee Loups.
Wollawollahs, on the Columbia, from above Muscleshell Rapids; 1600.
Wycomes, a tribe on the Susquehannah, in 1648; about 250.

Wyandots, on Great Miami and Sandusky; 500, formerly very warlike.

Yamoisees, South Carolina, early nearly destroyed by the whites.

Yattasies, branch Red River, 50 miles above Natchitoches; 100 in 1812; speak
Caddo.

Yazoos, once a great tribe of Louisiana, now lost among the Chikasaws.
Yeahtentances, formerly near the mouth of the Wabash.

Yeletpos, on a river which falls into Lewis's above Kooskooskee; 250.

Yonikkones, on the coast of the Pacific ocean; about 700.

Yonktons, branch of Sioux, about Falls St. Anthony, about 1000.

Yonktons of the Plains, or Big Devils; 2500; sources of the Sioux, &c.
Youitts, on the coast of the Pacific ocean; about 150.