ently be fixed at a point above the axis, would terminate greatly below the as under the abacus of this capital; point, therefore the fquare muft be then removing all reftraint, the elaftic found fomewhere within the parallel. force of the bark would unroll itself, Again, as to its horizontal station beand exhibit the appearance of this ro tween the parallels: if its centre be not Jute, though fomewhat irregular; to in the centre of the eye, but removed correct which, the 12 centres on the innerly from it, then the last quarter circular end of the axis are fo to be circle would not terminate in contact placed as to furnish twelve quarter cir- with upper part of the eye; if removed cles, whereof the fum of their limbs from centre of eye outwardly, then laft will be equal to the given length of the quarter circle would cut the eye, and bark. This circular end of axis in this terminate at a diftance from it. This capacity is called the eve of the volute; involves a necellity of the centre of and as it is found necellary that this fquare being in the centre of the eye, circle of the eye should be of a certain and accounts for the precept, that the exact fize (for or reasons that will pre axis be no larger than the eye, and diffently be given); and fince the axis covers to demonftration the three firtt furnishes this circle, therefore did Vi defiderata, viz. the parallel diftance of truvius fay, axes volutartu ne craf- firft radius from cathetus, the length of fiores fint quàm oculi magnitudo," ie, it, and by fhewing that two other inthe axis must be no longer than the ner fquares, equal diftant from the circle of the eve-And now, to de-outer, from each other, and from the monftrate the ufe and neceffity of this precept. First, it is fettled by the text, that the defcent of the volute or perpendicular expanfe is of the eight parts 26 2-3ds minutes, made up of the first and fecond perpendicular radii; every radius (after the firft) is ordered to be fhorter than the preceding by half the diameter of the eye, i. e. by one minute and two-thirds. If, then, the circle of the eye were the leaft matter larger, the fecond radius would fhorten in a greater ration than 1 2-3ds, and would not reach the point of de fcent. If again, the circle were lefs, the faid fecond radius would fhorten in a lefs ratio, and would drop beneath the point. But as this reafoning depends on the fuppofition that the length of the first radius is fettled and known, this must be proved in the fecond place. It is evident that the connexion of the four firit radii compofe a fmall geometrical fquare, at the corners whereof the four first centres are fixed; and the queftion is, where the ftation of this Yours, &c. PHILO-TECHNON. fquare fhould be in the eye? To an- P.S. If the gentleman, figuing him, fwer this, let us imagine parallel lines felf Investigator (p. 521), will pleafe to across the circle, at right angles with infpect the paffage item fi major," the cathetus, and thefe parallels equal &c. 4th chap. 4th book of Vitruvius, in diftance to one fide of the faid fquare, he will there find the four columns to and each equally diftant from centre of make the number 38; and not at the eye; fhould this fquare (without confi- pofticum, where there is no fuch dif deration at prefent to its horizontal fta- pofition as he alludes to, except in amtion between the parallels) rife out of phiproftyles and hypethres, of which the parallels, then the two first perpen- latter was the Minerva in the Acropodicular radii would not reach the pomt lis at Athens. This will be fully dif of defeent; fhould it fall the leaft be-cuffed in Nos. XXIX. XXX. and neath the parallels, the two firft radii XXXI. in their turn. common centre, will from their corners, and from no where else in the eye, furnifh eight other centres whereon to turn the other eight quarter circles, fo as to caufe the laft to termi mate exactly on the top of the eye, which it will within 5-18ths of a mimute from the cathetus, and the ftationary leg of the compaffes paffes from the 12th centre to common centre of the eye in the fame ratio as from 4 to centre 5, and from 8 to 9; and the other leg, turning to the cathetus, exactly touches the circle of the eye, and, turning quite round in the fame, fhews no longer any part of a volute, but the periphery of an axis: The two remaining defiderata, viz. the breadth of the rim, with the 12 other centres whereon to turn the 12 inner quarter circles, to fhew the contraction of the faid rim, erroneoutly taught by the moderns, together with other concerns belonging to this capital, fhall be difcuffed in next. Mr. Butterwick, nears Mr. URBAN, AS SA Gainfbrough, Aug. 20. HAV AVING already fent you concife hateinents of the practical parts of the three medical tracts which firft ap peared, I now fet down to give you a brief account of the fucceeding one, which I publifhed fhortly after under the title of "Practical Information on Rheumatifin, Inflammation of the Eyes, and Disorders in general proceeding from Inflammation of a fimilar Nature; alfo on the Gout, in which new Modes of Treatment are communicated." pang sil The mode of treatment which I am now going to borrow from that tract to lay before your readers is not particularly confined to rheumatifm, or ophthalmia, as the title expreffes, it is equally applicable in every inflammation of a fimilar kind, whether on the brain, the lungs, the pleura, liver, ftomach, bowels, kidneys, or whatever part it. may be fixed upon. It may not be improper to obferve, that inflammations as well as fevers may arife from widely different caufes; of course they muft require different modes of treatment; and, therefore, it is of great confequence to difcriminate between the one and the other. The fearlet-fever is cured by an alkali; while many other fevers would be aggravated by alkali, and are curable by acids. Inflammation of the throat attending fearlet-fever is cured by an alkali; but in other kinds of inflammation an alkali is in applicable, and things of a contrary nature are requifite. It was my intention to have been particular, in a fucceeding tract, in pointing out thefe important diftinctions on fevers and inflammations, that they might not be confounded as they have been, and ftill are, in general practice: indeed, upon that difcrimiination the fuccefs in practice principally depends; and, unless it be made, the confequences muft and will be uncertain and unfatisfactory, as they always have been. The means, however, which have been fo fuccesfully practifed to render the tracts I have already published ufclefs, have completely fet afide every thought of proceeding with my original intentions. The mode of treatment in acute rheumatifn, and every inflammation of that kind, wherefoever fituated, is fimply this give calomel till its action on the fyftem be evident; and opium, to moderate pain, and to prevent the cas lomel from acting particularly upon the ftomach and bowels, till it has pro duced its effects upon the fyftem at large. As a general direction, give one grain of calomel, formed into a pill, every four, fix, or eight hours, till its action becomes evident; that is, either till the mouth be flightly affected, or till the inflammation difappear. At the fame time, if there be no particular circumftance to forbid it, give about one grain of opium, with each dofe of calomel, If the pain be very diftreffing, or the cafe urgent, the dofe of calomel aud opium may be increased to one and a half, or two grains of each, or may be given at fhorter intervals till the fymptoms are moderated. If the patient be coltive, little or no opium may he neceffary, particularly at firft: but if the calomel purge before the inflammation be relieved, the proportion of opium must be increafed, or the dofes of calomel leffened, whichever may be thought the better, fo that purging may be entirely prevented till the complaint be removed. In general, the calomel fhews no effect upon the inflammation till iis common action on the fyftem becomes evident; then the fymptoms difappear rapidly, and the calomel may be entirely or gradually diminished, as circumftances may require. If the bowels will not bear calomel, mercurial ointments will be necellary. In chronic cafes, half a grain of calomel, and about the fame weight of crude opium, taken three times a day, will be quite fufficient. In fact, the dofes fhould at all times be propor tioned to the age and ftrength of the patient, and to the urgency of the cafe. Bleeding and bliftering I never find neceffary. Sometimes in violent cafes, as in inflammation of the brain or the pleura, emptying the veffels a little may give temporary relief till the proper remedies can take place. In fimple cafes of inflammation of this kind, wherever fituated, or howfoever violent, this mode of treatment has never failed me, unless the diforder has been fo long neglected, that, from the nature of the part affected, and from the degree of injury produced, a cure could not be expected. In the gout I propofed a fimilar mode of treatment. I acknowledged that I had not had many opportunities of me of its efficacy; and that con determined me to lay before the publick what appeared to me fo eminently calculated to conduce to its hap piness. Every one knows the prevalency of inflammatory diforders; few families are long without being afflicted by them in fome form or other and no day, no hour paffes, in which thoufands and tens of thousands are not fuffering under them! A fpeedy and efficacious remedy for them, then, is of the first, the very first importance to mankind; and, as fuch, I once more folicit the public attention to the fimple but powerfully efficacious mode of treatinent here laid down. of trying it in that diforder; but, in In fome conftitutions, however, and in fome circumftances, additional medicines of active powers are indifpen fably neceffary in all thefe kinds of inflammation; and in fome cafes the medicines to be conjoined must be widely different from thofe which are neceffary in other cafes. What thofe additional articles are, and in what circumstances neceffary, this is not a place to enlarge upon. Thus then, Mr. Urban, I have given a general statement of the mode of treatment which I have adopted in the gout, acute rheumatifm, pleurify, inHammation of the eyes, the brain, the ftomach, bowels, liver, lungs, kidneys, and in every inflammation of a fimilar kind, wherefoever fituated. As this mode of treating the various diforders which conftitute this formidable catalogue is new, having never, before that tract, been publifhed, at least that I ever heard of; permit ine, for the fake of giving it every degree of weight in my power, to fay, that my experience of its falutary powers in hundreds, in many hundreds of cafes, conGENT. MAG. September, 1803. Some, either from ignorance or interefled motives, have accufed mercury of being productive of ferious injury to the conftitution. Permit me, Mr. Urban, to fay, that I have given it in thoufands of cafes, but never met with one inftance of its proving really injuricus to the conftitution; but in numberlefs cafes have experienced its moft falutary effects. That mercury, injudicioully given in too great quantities, will produce difagreeable effects is certain; fo will roaft-beef or strong-beer; fo will every ufeful article in the Materia Medica: but the fault is not in the articles themselves, but in the improper ufe which is made of them. I fhall not take up more of either your time or my own at present than juft to fay, that the remaining tract will form the fubject of my next letter, which I hope to have in readiness for the following Number of your Magazine. Yours, &c. Mr. URBAN, E. PEART. June 21. Tituate about five miles SouthHE parifh of Itchnor, in Suffex, weft of the city of Chichefter, in the Rape of Chichester and Hundred of Weft Wittering. In the time of the Conqueror's furvey, it is faid, Warren holds Icenor of the Earl (Roger), Lewin held it of Earl Godwin. It has always been affeffed at one hide. The arable is one plough land. There is one plough in the demefne: and three villans with three bondfmen have one plough. Here is one acre of meadow. In the reign of the Confeffor, the value was 20s. fubfequently 15s; but the modern eflimate is 22s. One hide in Icenor |