succeeded his father, Leopold the Second, in his hereditary dominions, and was elected Emperor of Germany on the 7th of June in the same year. In the beginning of the present century, when Bonaparte raised or cast down Kings and Princes at pleasure in the new modification of the German States, the late Sovereign was divested of the title of Emperor of Germany, which was elective, and made, in lieu of it, hereditary Emperor of Austria. He married successively a Princess of Wurtemberg, a Neapolitan Princess, an Archduchess of Austria, and a Bavarian Princess.-At Macao, the Right Hon. Wm. John Lord Napier, his Britannic Majesty's Chief Superintendent in China.-At Hyères, South of France, Mary Ann, wife of Sir G. Beaumont, of Coleorton Hall, Leiccstershire.-At Hinton Admiral, Hants, Sir George Ivison Tapps, Bart. in his 83rd year. -Of apoplexy, while dancing at a ball given by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in the Pitti Palace, at Florence, the Hon. Lieut.-Colonel Forbes, of the Coldstream Guards, eldest son of General Lord Forbes.-At Bansha Glebe, Lady Blackall, aged 101 years, relict of the late Sir Thomas Blackall, Knight, of the city of Dublin.-In Portman-square, Earl Nelson, Duke of Bronti, brother to the hero of Trafalgar, in the 76th year of his age.-At Worcester, Mrs. Margaret Jeffreys, youngest daughter of the late Henry Vaughan Jeffreys, Esq. of that city.-At the Rev. Rich. Burney's, Ripton Rectory, Mrs. Sandford, relict of William Sandford, Esq. late of Worcester.-At Cheltenham, aged 15, Eliza. beth Higgins, daughter of the Rev. Richard Brooke, Curate of Kempsey, Worcestershire. -At Welbury, Herts, the seat of his fatherin-law, the Rev. Lynch Burroughs, Sir Thos. Robert Salusbury, Bart. of Llanwern, in the county of Monmouth.-At Winchester, the Dowager Lady Rivers, aged 86 years, relict of Sir Peter Rivers Gay, Bart.-At Flaxley Abbey, Gloucestershire, Mary Albina, wife of Sir Thomas Crawley Boevey, Bart.-Aged 66, at Cheltenham, Margaret, relict of Sir John Williams, Bart. of Bodelwydda, Flint. -The Rev. John Marshall, of Sidbury, Shropshire, late Curate of Oldbury, near Bridgnorth; deeply regretted by all who knew him.-At Fownhope, aged 30, Richard Griffiths, Esq. second son of the late Richard Griffiths, Esq.of Thorngrove, nearWorcester. -At Woodbank, the residence of H. Marsland, Esq. M. P. for Stockford, Mary Anne, wife of Mr. Charles Talbot, of the Shrubbery, near Kidderminster.-In his 69th year, Francis Holyoake, Esq. of Tettenhall, Staffordshire. At Connaught Terrace, Hyde Park Corner, Mary Anne Tivy Hayward, aged 36, the beloved wife of Francis Hay. ward, Esq. late of Hartlebury, Worcestershire.-Aged 64, Mrs. Levett, wife of Theophilus Levett, Esq. of Wichnor Park, Staffordshire. In the Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury, Richard Bratton, Esq. aged 83 years.— At Thorneloe, near Worcester, in her 72nd year, Jane, relict of the late George Perrott, Esq. of Cracombe House, Worcestershire.Aged 72, at Worcester, Josiah Newman, Esq. a highly-respectable member of the Society of Friends.--At the Regent's Park, Henry David Inglis, Esq. The celebrity of Mr. Inglis was gained chiefly as a writer of travels, through his works entitled "Spain in 1830," "Ireland in 1834," "The Tyrol," "Switzerland," and others.-At Mayence, Mr. Dressler, the celebrated flute player. A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CLIMATES OF GREAT MALVERN AND LONDON. In the following statement, the details of the climate of London are taken from the Meteorological Tables of the Royal Society, as published in the "Athenæum ;' those of Malvern have already appeared in the first and succeeding numbers of "The Analyst," excepting the observations upon the hygrometer, and the temperature of the mercurial column of the barometer, with some other minor details which we have subsequently procured. On the present occasion we shall confine ourselves to the summer and autumnal quarters of 1834; the former including the months of June, July, and August; the latter, September, October, and November. TEMPERATURE. In the month of June, the first month of the summer quarter, the mean temperature of Malvern was 3.8° lower than the mean temperature of London. The mean maximum at Malvern was 66.8,° the mean minimum 51.0 In London the mean maximum was 72.5, the mean minimum 55. The greatest height of the thermometer during the month was, in London, 86.7,° in Malvern, 76°; the minimum, in the former place, 47.3,° in the latter, 43° The greatest range during the month, for London, 39.4, for Malvern, 33° In July, the second month of the summer quarter, the mean temperature at Malvern was 6.5° lower than the mean temperature in London. The mean maximum at Malvern was 67, and the mean minimum 54.1. The mean maximum in London, 74.7, the mean minimum 59.3. In London the maximum height of the thermometer was 86.7, in Malvern, 80°; the minimum, in London, 51.4, in Malvern, 49.5° The greatest range, in London, 35.3, in Malvern, 30.5,° In August, the last month of the summer quarter, the mean temperature of Malvern was 5.3° lower than the mean temperature of London. The mean maximum at Malvern, 66.5.° the mean minimum 53.6° The mean maximum in London, 72.8,° the mean minimum 57.9° The greatest height of the thermometer during the month, was, in London, 83.3°; at Malvern, 75.5: the lowest, in London, 46.2°; at Malvern, 43.0° The maximum range in the former place 37.1,° in the latter 32.5. Thus we get for the summer quarter— In the Report on Meteorology, in the first volume of the British Association, it is stated by the author, that "The errors arising from solar and terrestrial radiation in determining the temperature of a place, have not been sufficiently attended to. It is surprising at what a distance a sensible portion of heat is conveyed from soil, and walls, or even from grass, illuminated by the sun; the maxima of temperature are thus generally too great; and from the near contact in which thermometers are generally placed with large difficultly conducting masses, such as walls, the temperature, during the night, is kept up, and the minima are thus also too high." Such an effect as this may be supposed peculiarly liable to occur in London, where the copious and varied reflections of heat from the pavement, buildings, &c., must, in the bright hot days of summer, considerably increase the maximum of the thermometer; and we find from the foregoing table that the mean maximum range in summer is in London 5.2° higher than in the elevated situation where the village of Great Malvern stands. In September, the first month of the autumnal quarter, the mean temperature at Malvern is 4.° lower than the mean temperature in London. The mean maximum at Malvern was 64.,° and the mean minimum 49.3. In London the mean maximum was 67.3,° and the mean minimum 54.1. The maximum height of the thermometer in London was 74.8, in Malvern, 70°; the minimum, in London, 46.2, in Malvern, 40.° The maximum range in London was 28.6, in Malvern, 30.° In October, the second month of the autumnal quarter, the mean temperature at Malvern was 2.2° lower than the mean temperature in London. The mean maximum in London was 58.2, and the mean minimum 46.2° In Malvern the mean maximum 56.1, the mean minimum 44.3, The maximum height of the thermometer during the month, in London, was 70.2, the minimum 34.4°; the maximum, in Malvern, 64., the minimum, 35.5. The greatest range, in London, 35.8, in Malvern, 28.5, In November, the last month of the autumnal quarter, the mean temperature of Malvern is 1.7° lower than the mean temperature in London. The mean maximum at Malvern was 47,° the mean minimum 40.4,° In London the mean maximum was 49.4, and the mean minimum 41.4. The maximum height in London was 61., in Malvern, 59.°; the minimum, in London, 33, in Malvern, 30.° The greatest range, in London, 28.,° in Malvern, 29.° In the autumnal quarter, therefore, we have― In instituting a comparison between two distant barometers, it is necessarry to premise the conditions of the two instruments, and the circumstances of the localities in which they are placed. In the Standard Barometer of the Royal Society the tube is 333 inches long; its exterior diameter 0.86 inch, and the diameter of the bore 0.530 inch. The cistern is turned in well-seasoned mahogany, and there is a small cavity in its bottom to receive the end of the tube, which rests upon it; a groove communicates with the cavity, to ensure the free passage of the mercury. Everything has been studied in this instrument to render accuracy attainable with as little trouble as possible to the observer. The diameter of the tube renders the correction for capillary action almost unnecessary. The correction for the capacity of the cistern has been contrived to be of the result above or below the neutral point 30.576. 100 The barometer at Great Malvern-on the accuracy of which the following statements depend-is a very carefully constructed instrument. The tube is 34 inches long, its exterior diameter .5 inch, and the diameter of the bore .280 inch. The mercury has been boiled throughout in the tube. The cistern is turned in mahogany, and through the bottom the tube passes into a leathern bag firmly fixed to its circumference; a small hole forms a communication between the cistern and the mercury in the bag: at one part of the circumference of the cistern an ivory point is fixed, and a screw acting upon the lower part of the bag will always keep the surface of the mercury just touching this point: thus the correction for the capacity of the cistern is rendered unnecessary. The scale has been duly affixed after several accurate measurements from the ivory point. In the following statement of barometrical heights, great pains have been taken to apply every correction so that they are strictly comparable one with another-in the Royal Society's barometer the variable correction for capacity-and in the barometer at Malvern, the constant one, .055, added for capillary action; the diameter of the bore in the latter instrument being so much smaller than in the former, renders this requisite. The whole of the heights stated have been reduced to one temperature, 32° F.* * That the reader may be put in possession of the practical application of these corrections we shall subjoin the detail of the process, taking the mean height of the barometer for September 1834 in London and Malvern. In order to make a comparison between two barometers absolutely accurate, it is In June the maximum of the barometer in London (corrected as before stated) was 30.325, the minimum 29.597; the mean 29.930; the range .728. In Malvern the maximum was 29.746, the minimum 28.953; the mean 29.332, and the range .793. In July the maximum height of the barometer in London was 30.213, the minimum 29.396; the mean 29.876, and the range .817. In Malvern the maximum 29.665, the minimum 28.892; the mean 29.269; the range .773. In August the maximum in London 30.109, the minimum 29.593; the mean 29.819, and the range .516. In Malvern the maximum 29.572, the minimum 28.955; the mean 29.245; the range .617. From this we obtain for the summer quarter The height of the Worcestershire Beacon is stated, on the authority of Col. Mudge, to be 1444 feet above the mean level of the sea; and from an apparently careful and correct barometrical measurement (the details of which will be found in the first volume of" The Analyst") it appears that the height of the Beacon above the village of Great Malvern is 924 feet; these statements therefore leave 520 feet as the elevation of Malvern and for this it becomes necessary to add 570 to all the barometrical heights observed there. If the reader should take the trouble of doing this to any of them, he would then immediately perceive the very slight differences in the fluctuations of the barometer in London and Malvern. : In looking over the various daily details from which the foregoing mean barometrical heights have been deduced, the coincidence in the movements of the two barometers was so constant, that we have taken pains to determine accurately this point; and upon comparing the daily fluctuations, for a whole month, at the same time at each place, after every necessary correction, the variation between the simultaneous movements of each has never amounted to so much as inch, very generally not more than a few hundredths, a result peculiarly establishing the constant magnitude of the atmospheric movements. 1 10 There are many minor circumstances likely to introduce discrepancies in any comparison between the heights of two barometers necessary that the elasticity of the vapour of the atmosphere should be estimated at each place, by determining the dew-point, and adding or subtracting according as it is higher or lower in the one place or the other. This would be a very laborious task; and as the correction is always small, it has been neglected. I have made the correction for the means of the different seasons hereafter stated, and I find the difference between the barometer in London and Malvern to be, for the summer quarter, only .007 in., and for the autumn .016 in. |