Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications

acid activity analysis androgen assay autoantibodies benign Biol biological biomarkers biopsy bladder cancer blood BRCA1 breast cancer breast cancer patients cancer cells Cancer Res carcinoembryonic antigen carcinoma cell lines chemotherapy chromosome Clin Oncol clinical colorectal cancer correlation CYFRA diagnosis disease early detection elevated epithelial estrogen evaluation expression genetic genomic growth factor hormone human identified immunoassays increased inhibitor kallikrein laboratory leukemia liver lung cancer lymph node malignant measurement melanoma metastatic methods molecular molecules monitoring monoclonal antibodies mRNA mutations myeloma ng/mL normal NSCLC oncogene ovarian cancer overexpression pancreatic peptide plasma potential predictive primary prognostic factors prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen protein receptor recurrence reported response risk role RT-PCR samples SCLC screening sensitivity serum levels specific specimens stage studies survival synthesome therapy tion tissue total PSA treatment tumor cells tumor markers tumor suppressor tumor suppressor gene Urol