him, nevertheless entertained some little doubt as to the accuracy of his rendering, for he, too, has a foot-note to the allegation as he has it, "In this country the head is put upon a pole": "Billiant de bow' [sic, "bois" in the original] may likewise be translated a block. In France criminals were beheaded kneeling, so that the laying of the head on the block, as is the custom here, might probably appear to a Frenchman strange and worth remarking."-P. 508. The speculative note as to an alternative rendering in the Repertory I submit gives the correct sense of the passage; and I think we are warranted in dismissing as an inaccurate translation, in that version, "In this country the head is put upon a pole "; we should, I venture to assert, rather read it, "In this country the head is laid upon a log." It would follow that we should disregard as superfluously misleading and irrelevant that portion of the note to the reproduction which informs us that the editor does not find that either of the sufferers' heads were set upon poles. Does not the statement "En ce pays la on leur mect la teste dessus un billiant de bois" refer exclusively to the incidents of the actual operation of punishment, and not at all to the ignominy of exposure after execution done? May not the passage be freely and expansively interpreted, "In this country they [the condemned criminals] do not kneel to receive the stroke, as they do in our land, but the head is supported by a log or billet [qy. what is the exact equivalent for old French billiant?]* of wood"? I fancy that in England down to the time of the execution of the rebel Lords Kenmure and Derwentwater, in 1716, the practice of kneeling to receive the decapitating blow was unknown, and that the so-called "block" consisted of a short cylinder of wood about the diameter of the trunk of an ordinary adult beech or birch tree, say twelve inches, roughly squared down to nine. I endeavour to make it my invariable practice to adduce authority (contemporary, if possible) for what I propound; so on this grim subject allow me to vouch the illustrations to a little-known but very interesting work, in the Guildhall Library, Sellers's Common Law Punishments of England,' published in the reign of James II., where, in an engraving purporting to represent the execution of the sentence of the law upon a peer for high treason, the victim is represented prone at full length on the boards of the floor of the scaffold, his neck stretched over such a billet as I have attempted to describe. In our school history books we used to read about the destruction of Lord Hastings by the Lord Protector Gloucester on the Tower Green in 1483. "Hurried from the Council Chamber, he was hastily beheaded upon a log of wood which accidentally lay in the way." It was, in fact, a piece sawn from one of the scaffold poles then in use for the repair of the church of [* Cotgrave gives billot, but not billiant.] St. Peter ad Vincula. Such was the kind of block, I believe, that continued to be employed until the beginning of the eighteenth century. See the various editions of the Book of Common Prayer, containing vignette engravings, published immediately after the Restoration. In the initial illustrations to the service for January 30, then recently composed, and enacted to be incorporated in the Liturgy of the Church of England, the royal martyr is represented as disrobing before a cubea squared log-not nine inches in height from the flooring of the scaffold.* Again, Perlin speaks of Northumberland's executioner "et le bourreau estoit un boyteux," which the translator (A. R., vol. iv. p. 507) renders, "This hangman was lame of a leg.' 19 Just so; but does that give an adequate idea of the meaning? Does not boyteux, or boiteux in modern French, colloquially stand for a man with a wooden leg? Would not the strict translation be, "and the executioner had a wooden leg"? Again contemporary authority. In Machyn's Diary' (p. 109), under date 1556, three years all but seven weeks after Dudley's decapitation, I find :— [men implied] unto Tyborne; on [one] was the hangman "The ij day of July rod in a care [car or cart] v [five] with the stump lege [the wooden leg] for stheft [theft] [the] wyche he had hangyd mony a man and quartered mony, and hed [beheaded] mony a nobull man and odur [other]." Does not the late Mr. William Harrison Ainsworth (Tower of London') represent Mauger, the headsman, as limping? If my memory does not deceive me, the author attributes this infirmity to a blow received during his memorable historical struggle on the scaffold with the great Plantagenet Princess, Margaret De la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, in 1541, when, in chopping at her ladyship's neck (she running shrieking around the platform all the while, "her grey hairs streaming on the wind"), her destroyer was compelled to "fetch off" her head "full slovenly," as the old chroniclers quaintly have it. The romancist, I think, tells us that during this terrible scene the headsman hurt his own leg with his axe. The author has clearly taken his account from the translation of Perlin, for he does not imply that Mauger's mishap had necessitated amputation of the limb. Не "limped " up the scaffold steps to await the advent of his victim, the lovely and unhappy "nine days' queen" (see Cruikshank's etching). Had he combined in his reading Machyn's Diary' and the original work of Perlin, I venture to think that * Charles not only doubted the firmness of the block (Howell's State Trials,' vol. v.), but also interrogatively commented on its want of height. See contemporary testimony-Richard Burton's The Wars in England and Scotland,' p. 167. As to the prone position, see in the volume of the State Trials' above mentioned the account of Dr. Hewett's execution under the Cromwellian régime on p. 933. he would have represented the headsman as a wooden-legged man. There is scarcely any room left for doubt that the individual with the "stump leg" who figured under the triple tree at Tyburn in 1556 was the operator who had despatched the Duke of Northumberland in 1553, his son and bis fair young wife in 1553-4, and "mony odur." Margaret Plantagenet, in 1541, "more like a lionhearted man than an aged woman," as one of the commissioners sent to examine her at Wilton reported, declined, in the hour of her death, to assume a degrading position from which, five years before, the parvenue Anne Boleyn had been excused. Like the lady in Ingoldsby's legend who didn't mind death But who couldn't stand pinching, she objected to the prone posture, although the executioner sought to reconcile her to the ignominious attitude by urging an argument supposed to be irresistible by her sex, that "it was the fashion." "So should traitors do, and I am none," protested the stout-hearted dame. Let no critic give himself or herself the trouble to refer me in disproof of my theory to the block now shown in the Tower Armoury. That, as all trustworthy authorities assure us, was only constructed so lately as 1746. NEMO. DIODATE, WHICKER, MORTON, SCARLETT, COLEPEPER, MASKALL. Dr. Theodore Diodati (corrupted to Deodat, Diodate, &c.), born in Geneva, Switzerland, 1574, was living about 1609 near Brentford, in professional attendance upon the children of James I. He died in 1650/51. He was twice married, first to an English "lady of good birth and fortune." Who was she? His son Charles was the intimate friend of Milton in his youth. His son John married twice-first, Isabel Underwood; second, Sarah Who was she? John Diodate had a son John, who married first Mercy Tilney; second (1689/90), Elizabeth Morton, of Tottenham, Middlesex, daughter of "John Morton, gentleman," and his wife Elizabeth, widow of Alderman Cranley, and daughter of John Whicker, who was son of Rev. Adrian Whicker, of Kirtlington, Oxfordshire. His mother and wife were named Jane. What were their family names? By the records of Tackley, co. Oxford, we learn that John Morton was born 1634, died 1702. There is in the Tackley | church a tablet of records of ten members of the Morton family, none of an earlier date than this John Morton. There is also in the same church a large monument to the memory of Hon. John Morton, Chief Justice of Chester, who died 1780, aged sixty-five. What is known of the ancestry of this "John Morton, Gentleman ?" Was he of the same family as Chief Justice Morton? Where can the pedigree of the latter be found? Elizabeth, daughter of "John Morton, Gentleman," and Elizabeth (Whicker) Cranley, his wife, married (as before stated) John Diodate, grandson of Dr. Theodore Diodati. They had three children. (1) John, born about 1693, was matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, 1709; became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London 1724; and died 1727, unmarried. (2) William, who emigrated to New Haven, Connecticut, and became the ancestor of prominent families, through his daughter Elizabeth, wife of Rev. Stephen Johnson. (3) Elizabeth, who after 1727 married -Scarlett, and died his widow and childless. She sent to her grandnieces in America many rich articles of silver marked with the Scarlett arms, which still exist. The largest is a large silver waiter, on which the whole shield is engraved, with a careful attention to colours and other details. A smaller waiter and other articles show the crest. Similar arms are carried by other branches of the Scarlett family, but the exact arms (with a trifling difference) found on this silver are those belonging to William Frederick Scarlett, Baron Abinger, whose family is the only one of the name that uses supporters. Baron Abinger's arms are Chequy or and gu., a lion rampant erm., on a canton az. a castle tripletowered arg.; crest, a Tuscan column chequy or and gu., supported on either side by a lion's gamb ermines erased gu.; Supporters, two angels rested arg., tunics az., wings or, in the exterior hand of each a sword in bend ppr., pommel and hilt or. On the silver sent to America the canton is plain azure, and the supporters, in a fanciful arabesque ornamentation, are depicted as cherubs with an angel's head and wings on the body of a lion, in a fashion which Burke condemns as "an absurd attempt of some......artists to display" the supporters "in picturesque attitudes," when they should be "always erect." In addition to the Scarlett arms, as represented on our silver, is an "escutcheon of pretence" in the centre of the shield, with three mascles or fusils in chief, and what looks like a pomegranate and leaves in base. To what family do the arms of the escutcheon of pretence belong? Col. Chester suggested that the husband of Mrs. Scarlett might have been Anthony Scarlett, whose will, dated 1750, proved 1757 by his relict Elizabeth, left his entire estate to her as "the best of wives." Is anything more known of this Anthony Scarlett? Can the name of Mrs. Elizabeth (Diodate) Scarlett's husband be ascertained? She died in 1768. In her will, dated "Parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, Middlesex," she left large legacies in money and plate and other rich articles to her Johnson grandnieces in Lyme, Connecticut; to "Esme Clark, of Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn, Attorney at Law," to "his mother Dorothy Clarke, his sister Dorothy Clarke," to Ann Share, wife of John Share of Ipswich, Bookseller"; to Robert Hassell, of the South Sea House, Esq.; to Mr. William Dawson, clerk to Mr. Neave; to Rev. Mr. Thos. Bishop, of Ipswich, and Miss Sarah Sparrow, of Ipswich; and to Sarah, wife of Mr. Richard Maskall. She left in trust with Mary, wife of John Spencer Colepeper, and Francis Webb, Esq., her brother, 300l. for Mary, daughter of J. S. Colepeper. But the bulk of her apparently large property, "both Real and Personal," she bequeathed to John Spencer Colepeper (Treasurer) of the Charterhouse, Esq., and "Mr. Richard Maskall of Petty France, Westminster, gentleman." The facts that she sent the Scarlett silver to her relatives in America, that she seems to have been on intimate terms with these Colepeper and Maskall families, and that she was living in the family of Mr. Maskall when she made her will, considering it her home, suggest that they were relatives of her own rather than of her husband. The old Kent families of Colepeper, Mascall, and Webb are frequently mentioned by Hasted. Do the facts here given throw any light upon the identity of Mrs. Scarlett's husband? Do they give any clue to the relationship or connexion between these gentlemen or their wives and Mrs. Scarlett or her husband? John Spencer Colepeper was a grandson of Sir Thomas Colepeper, of Greenway Court, Hollingbourne, Kent, whose daughter Frances, widow of Lord John Colepeper, left two large estates in Kent to "her nephew John Spencer Colepeper, being the last of the vast possessions of the family." Who was his mother? Who was his grandmother? Who was Sarah, wife of Richard Maskall? Who was his mother? Can any one give the immediate ancestry of these gentlemen? Are there now living any descendants of any persons mentioned in this paper who can throw any light upon the subjects suggested in it? The facts inquired for are needed for a large quarto work in two volumes, giving the genealogies and histories of several families, many of them prominent in England as well as America, now being prepared by Mr. and Mrs, EDWARD ELLRIDGE SALISBury. New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. adduxit vitium leniri potest variis remediis......Sed præ- BUXTON.-Under the title of 'Buckstone's Bathes "The Benefit of the auncient Bathes of Buckstones which cureth most greeuous Sicknesses, neuer before bury: Lord Talbot: Furniuall: Warden: and Strange, of encrease of Honour and Grace eternall." After twenty-one pages of directions how and when to use the water for the diseases mentioned, it concludes as follows:— "The prayer usually to be sayd before Bathing. "As thou hast, most mercyfull Father of thene infinite bounty and grace, geven us power, to come, to these thy Bathes (preordinate of thy deuine Providence) for the benefite of us thy deare creatures: So likewise rightly we confes, that the breach of thy most holly lawes, which we haue, so often done, is the very cause, that we be so vexed, greued, diseased and enfeebled, as a just crosse, for our misdeedes, seeing that to the third, and fourth generation, thou hast said, thou wilt the' visite. Howbeit we hope in thy mercies, unto the which as unto a safe anchor (tossed in this miserable maze of worldly wretchedness) we certainly trust. Taking comfort of thy heauen! y word, that whom thou chastiseth, thou louest. So loue SHORT SIGHT AND SPECTACLES.-Erasmus, in a the second person in Trinitie our Redeemer, and calling us good Lord, that we unfaynedly trusting in thy word, letter dated "Lovanii, 1519," mentions the fact on thee in his name, (in one unitie) may be releeued, that the father of Peter Ægidius, when eighty comforted, and eased, as thou in thy word has promise d years old, had no need to use either a walking-(if it be thy most gracious will) of all our greefes, whether nec conspicillis ocularibus." In another they be inward or outward in body or mind. By the benefite wherof, all the Athistes, godles and careles of letter, dated "Basilea postrid. Pentecostes, the world, may knowe thy power: that from thee 1527" (lib. xix., epist. 20, ed. 1642), he says that commeth health, to al nations, for from thee commeth Alexander, bastard son of James IV. of Scotland, al knowledge, how to use thy Creatures for our uses "adeo laborabavit hoc malo (myopia) ut ni naso contingeret librum nihil cerneret." He adds this stick "6 advice to his friend: "Proinde si naturæ vitium est, noli pugnare pharmacis sed adhibe vitrea conspicilla in hoc attemperata ut qui pæne cæci sunt cernant etiam procul dissita......Sin casus best. truth, the holly ghoste, to help, ayde, and assist us, in all our afflyctions, and to guyde thy ministers, natures Interpreters, Phisitions, with thy heauenly health, that being strengthened by thy influence, may not only, the better benefite us, and the certeyners, assertaine us, "Graunt therefore good Lord, the healthfull spirit of of thy gyftes, here and elsewhere, but also the better ayde, and assist us, seeing they be thine appointed counsayloures, as they whom we can not be without, as thy liuely word teacheth: So then strengthen these Bathes, teach them, and assist us, good Lord that what is profitable, for our benefite, may be here had, they shewe, we seeke, find and observe: what hurteful they may declare, we refraine and withstand. This graunt eternall Father thorough the bloud, of the immaculate Lamb, Jesus Christ, that we departing hence, better in health and strength, therby may glorify thee, ouer all the worlde the more, to whome with the Sonne, and the holy ghost, be all glory, prayse, dominion, and power, for euer and euer Amen. "God preserue the Queenes most royal Maiestie, Nobility and Councell: and namely George the mightie Earle of Shrewesbury, and the noble Countesse Elizabeth his wyfe, whose good furtheraunce, in these edifyces, hath not lacked, with the right honorable Lord Talbot, his sonne & heyre, and the honourable Lady his wyfe, master Guylbart Talbot, and his most vertuous wyfe, his whole offspring, famely, and all the whole Land. Amen, Amen. "From the present state of the MS. it is not possible to determine with certainty whether any leaves have been lost from the end. The binding seems to indicate that it was never much thicker than it is at present. The first six leaves have been torn away, and the next six so far mutilated as to render the documents very imperfect, and the sense, at times, obscure. With these exceptions, and that of folios 125, 126, 156, 157, 163-165, 192-200, which have also unhappily perished, the book seems to be complete." The portion now recovered, which I found under a heap of decayed papers a few days ago while arranging the transcripts of parish registers in the Episcopal Registry here, consists of folios 193200 and 202-234, which is evidently the end of the book, for the index, which is also complete, commences on the back of the last page. 4, Minster Yard, Lincoln. A. G. POLICE.-An early use of this word is to be found in Burt's 'Letters from the North of Scotland.' Writing from Inverness, circa 1720, he says: "The Beggars are numerous, and exceedingly importunate, for there is no Parish Allowance to any. I have been told that before the Union they never presumed to ask for more than a Bodle (or the Sixth Part of a Penny), but now they beg for a Baubee (or Halfpenny). And some of them, that they may not appear to be ordinary Beggars, tell you it is to buy Snuff. Yet still it is common for the Inhabitants (as I have seen in Edinburgh), when they have none of the smallest Money, to stop in the Street, and, giving a Halfpenny, take from the Beggar a Plack, i.e., two Bodles (or the third part of a Penny), in change. Yet, although the Beggars frequently receive so small an Álms from their Benefactors, I don't know how it is, but they are generally shod when the poor working women go barefoot. But here are no idle Temple. With these are intermixed many words of modern French form. Both the Latin and the French words abound in abbreviations, which I have here expanded. Not having authorities at hand, I should feel obliged to any readers who would kindly throw light upon the date of this glossary or the period in which the forms here given were in use, or favour me with information as to other glossaries of the same period, or as to the words that I have italicized. Since forwarding the above, I find that Scheler's (Auguste) 'Dict. d'Étymol. Franç.,' deriving arracher from the Latin ex-radicare, gives as Old French forms of it esracher and esragier. Trivle |(=trible) I take to be the modern truble or trouble, a bag-shaped net at the end of a pole. Brachet does not give this word; Schéler says of it, "perhaps from the Latin tribula, a flail, from its shape." JOHN W. BONE, F.S.A. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct, "CAVE IN," ""CALVE IN."-"Calve in" (i.e., "cahve in") is the phrase given by Mr. E. Peacock in his Dialect of Manley and Corringham' in North Lincolnshire. Will correspondents in Mid and South Lincolnshire, and in the Fen Country generally, also in Yorkshire, Nottingham, Derby, Leicestershire, and the other counties lying round Lincolnshire, kindly inform me direct and at once, by postcard, whether "cave in " or "calve in" is used in their several localities? It is all-important for the history of the word that we should know the simple facts as to where people say "calve in" (or "cahve," or cauve in") instead of "cave in." This elemental knowledge seems to have been neglected by some who have speculated and guessed about the phrase. I will tabulate the results in N. & Q., with correspondents' names if permitted. J. A. H. MURRAY. The Scriptorium, Oxford. 'POST-BOY ROBB'D OF HIS MAIL, OR THE PACQUET BROKE OPEN.'-The work of which this is the opening portion of the title was published in 1706, in 2 vols., in 8vo. The epistle dedicatory is signed C. G. (qy., Charles Gildon ?). In this the book is said to be "built on the Foundation of the Ingenious Pallavicini" (qy., Ferrante Pallavicino?). In the preface it is stated to be the second impression. Now, concerning another work with a similar title, 'The Post Man Robb'd of his Mail, or the Packet Broke Open,' 12mo., 1719, Isaac Reed has a MS. note, quoted by Halkett and Laing in their 'Dictionary of Anonymous Literature,' to this effect: "This, I believe, is one of the publications of Charles Gildon which procured him a place in the Dunciad.' See p. 270, Abuse of Pope."" Can any reader say whether these works are the same, or what is their relation to each other; and whether either, or both, must be assigned to Gildon? The work first mentioned is unnoticed in Halkett and Laing. URBAN. HENDRICKX.-The architect of the old London Exchange is said to have been one Hendrickx, a native of Antwerp. Is his Christian name known? How was it he came to London, and when? Did he carry out or design any other buildings? W. H. JAMES WEALE. LAMBERT FAMILY.-Ralph Lambert, Bishop of Meath, married a Miss Smythe Kelly. What was her Christian name, and whose daughter was she? Did the bishop leave any issue? WALTON GRAHAM BERRY. Broomfield, Fixby, near Huddersfield. CHARMS.-Many men in ages past thought that cures effected by charms were through the power charms found in Christian countries taking the of the devil. I want to know whether there are any shape of direct prayer to the devil; and would ask also in what way those charms wherein God or Christ or any saint is mentioned were used so as to influence the devil, by any wizard or witch supposed to be working in conjunction with him. In Chambers's Cyclopædia' I find, "The prayers of heathens, whether for blessings or cursings, partake largely of the nature of magical incantations. They are not supposed to act as petitions to a free agent, but by an inherent force which even the gods cannot resist." That does not satisfy me. any reader, impartial, and bearing in mind that disbelief in all this is modern, kindly answer either of these inquiries? AD LIBRAM. Can SUFFRING.-Welshmen were forbidden by stat. 26 Hen. VIII. c. 6, section 4, to 66 'requyre procure gather or levye any......colleccion or exaccion of goodes cattalles money or any other thinge, under colour of marienge or suffringe of their children, sayenge or synginge their fyrste masses or gospelles of any prestes or clarkes, &c." What does suffringe (in the original Bill written sufferyng) mean? Q. V. KING'S PRINTERS.-Can any of your readers give me a complete list of the king's (and queen's) printers (showing when the privilege descended from father to son) up to present date? Bury St. Edmund's. H. R. BARKer. WHO WAS SIR F. DENNING, MENTIONED IN 'KENILWORTH'?-In the seventeenth chapter of Sir Walter Scott's 'Kenilworth' the Earl of Leicester is represented as saying, "How now, Sir Francis Denning; that smile hath made thy face shorter by one-third than when I saw it this morning." I shall be much obliged if any of your readers can tell me who this Sir Francis Denning |