B ESTABLISHED 1851. BANK, IRKBECK Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. INTEREST on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below 100l. The Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of charge, the custody of Deeds, Writings, and other Securities and Valuables; the collection of Bills of Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons; and the Purchase and Sale of Stocks, Shares, and Annuities. Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. The BIRK. BECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.-Changes of tempera ture and weather frequently upset persons who are most careful of their health and particular in their diet. These corrective, purifying, and gentle aperient Pills are the best remedy for all defective action of the digestive organs. They augment the appetite, strengthen the stomach, correct biliousness, and carry off all that is noxious from the system. Holloway's Pills are composed of rare balsams, unmixed with baser matter, and on that account are peculiarly well adapted for the young, delicate, and aged. As this peerless medicine has gained fame in the past, so will it preserve it in the future by its renovating and invigorating qualities, and the impos sibility of its doing harm. LIVES OF THE SAINTS. A New Edition, with several Hundred Illustrations. EMBLEMS OF SAINTS BY WHICH THEY ARE DISTINGUISHED IN WORKS OF ART. By the late Very Rev. F. C. HUSENBETH D.D. A New Edition, With numerous Corrections and Additions, By the Rev. AUGUSTUS JESSOPP, D.D Forming the Seventeenth and Last Volume of Mr. Baring-Gould's 'Lives of the Saints.' APOCRYPHAL SCRIPTURES. Being the Additions to the Old Testament Canon which were included in the Ancient Greek and Latin Versions; the English Text of the Authorized Version, together with the Additional Matter found in the Vulgate and other Ancient Versions; Introductions to the several Books and Fragments; Marginal Notes and References; and a General Introduction to the Apocrypha. By the Rev. W. R. CHURTON, B.D., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, Canon of the Cathedral of St. Alban's, and Examining Chaplain of the Bishop. Large post 8vo. pp. 608, cloth, 7s. 6d. THE GOSPEL STORY. PLAIN COMMENTARY ON THE FOUR HOLY GOSPELS, By the Rev. W. MICHELL, M.A., Diocesan Inspector of Schools in the Diocese of Bath and Wells. A New Edition, Revised. 2 vols. cloth, 6s. London: J. WHITAKER, 12, Warwick-lane. IMPORTANT NEW NUMISMATIC WORK. Shortly will be published, in 3 vols. medium quarto, THE COINAGE OF SCOTLAND. FROM DAVID I. TO JAMES VIII. Illustrated from the Cabinet of THOMAS COATS, Esq., of By EDWARD BURNS, F.S.A.Scot. Accompanied by a series of 79 Plates, engraved in facsimile (Gravure Héliographique) by M. DUJARDIN, of Paris. IMPRESSION LIMITED TO 550 COPIES, 50 BEING LARGE PAPER. "In the present work, besides a detailed description of every Scottish coin in the Ferguslie Cabinet, the most extensive collection of Scottish coins in all the metals that has ever yet been formed, liberal advantage has been taken of the specimens in other cabinets, public and private, wherever these could illustrate the subject. "The Scottish Coinage has been dealt with as if the several specimens in the different reigns had all been brought together in one collection. "In the exceptional advantages thus enjoyed, it has been possible for the first time to treat the Scottish Coinage as a whole, and while giving a more comprehensive view of this great national subject than has ever hitherto been attempted, to enter with greater minuteness into the details. "That interesting series with which the Scottish Coinage commences, the David I. pennies or sterlings, are now for the first time presented in a connected manner, and many of the mistakes which previously resulted from dealing with isolated examples have been corrected." Edinburgh: ADAM & CHARLES BLACK. Frinted by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Athenæum Press, Took's-court, Cursitor street, Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by the said JOHN C. FRANCIS at No. 22, Took's-court Cursitor-street, Chancery-lane, E.C.-Saturday, October 15, 1887. ILLUSTRATIONS, Edited by FRANCIS GEORGE HEATH, COMMENCES A NEW VOLUME, Whose Contents will include the following illustrated and other Papers: SHORT STORIES and SKETCHES. By Various Writers. The ENGLISH CHURCH and its BUILDINGS. By the MUSICAL NOTES and MUSINGS. By F. J. Crowest. It will also comprise-ILLUSTRATED AMUSEMENTS — ART-BIOGRAPHIES-ECONOMY-INVENTIONSLITERATURE-SCIENCE, &c. The LEEDS MERCURY says:-" Illustrations comes out in a new dress, and is bright and pleasant throughout, and it is more than ever entitled to the distinction of being one of the best, whilst one of the cheapest of our monthly periodicals." ILLUSTRATIONS can be obtained of any of Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son's Railway Boakstalls, or o any Newsagent or Bookseller throughout the country, for THREEPENCE; Or direct and post free for four stamps from the Publishers, Messrs. W. KENT & CO. 23, Paternoster-row, London, E.C. BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY. BEDE'S (VENERABLE) ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY of ENGLAND. Together with the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. With Illustrative Notes, a Short Life of Bede, Analysis of the History, and an Index and a Map of Anglo-Saxon England. Edited by the late J. A. GILES, D.C.L, sometime Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. BRAND'S POPULAR ANTIQUITIES of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND. Chiefly illustrating the Origin of our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies, and Superstitions. Arranged, Revised, and greatly Eularged by Sir HENRY ELLIS, K.H. F.R.S., &c. With Index and Frontispiece. 3 vols. GESTA ROMANORUM; or, Entertainin KEIGHTLEY'S (THOMAS) FAIRY MYTHO LOGY, illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various BRITISH POPULAR CUSTOMS, PRESENT PAULI'S (Dr. R.) LIFE of ALFRED THE and PAST. An Account of the various Games and Customs associated with Different Days of the Year in the British Isles, arranged according to the Calendar. By the Rev. T. F. THISELTON DYER, M.A., Pembroke College, Oxford. With Index. "A portable volume on the above subject was much needed. Mr. GREAT. Trauslated from the German. To which is appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius. With a Literal Transla tion interpaged, Notes, and an Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Glossary by B. THORPE, Esq With Woodcut Frontispiece. Dyer has admirably succeeded in furnishing one which contains the SIX OLD ENGLISH CHRONICLES, viz., information well condensed and arranged."-Notes and Queries. YULE-TIDE STORIES. A Collection of Scandinavian and North-German Popular Tales and Traditions from the Swedish, Danish, and German. Edited by B. THORPE. 7TH S. No. 95. Asser's Life of Alfred and the Chronicles of Ethelwerd, Gildas London: GEORGE BELL & SONS, York-street, Covent-garden. MR. MURRAY'S FORTHCOMING WORKS. The LIFE and LETTERS of CHARLES DARWIN, F.R.S. With an Autobiographical Chapter. By his Son, FRANCIS DARWIN, F.R.S. Portraits and Woodcuts. 3 vols. 8vo. EARLY ADVENTURES in PERSIA, SUSIANA, and BABYLONIA, in luding a Residence among the Bakhtiyari and other Wild Tribes. By Sir HENRY LAYARD, G.C.B. Map and Illustrations. 2 vols. crown 8vo. VIRGIL in ENGLISH VERSE. Eclogues, and Eneid, Books I.-VI. By Lord Justice Sir CHARLES BOWEN. Map and Frontispiece. Crown 8vo. LIFE and LABOUR; or, Characteristics of Men of Culture and Genius. By SAMUEL SMILES, LL.D., Author of Self-Helf,' &c. Post 8vo. Biography is by nature the most universally profitable, universally pleasant, of all things; especially biography of distinguished individuals."-Carlyle. WEALTH and WELFARE: an Examination of Recent Changes in the Production and Distribution of Wealth in the United Kingdom, and of the Effect of our National Trade Policy on the General Welfare of the Nation. By HASTINGS BERKELEY. Crown 8vo. TOO LATE for GORDON and KHARTOUM. The Testimony of an Inde pendent Eye-witness of the Heroic Efforts for their Rescue and Relief. By A. MACDONALD. Maps and Plans. Crown 8vo. MAJOR LAWRENCE, F.L.S.: a Novel. By the Hon. Emily Lawless, Author of Hurrish.' 3 vols. crown 8vo. DR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY of CHRISTIAN BIOGRAPHY, LITERATURE, SECTS, and DOCTRINES during the FRIST EIGHT CENTURIES. Edited by HENRY WACE, D.D. Vol. IV. (completing the Work). Medium 8vo. GEOGRAPHICAL ETYMOLOGY: a Dictionary of Place-Names, giving their Derivations. By C. BLACKIE. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Crown 8vo. A READABLE ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Giving the Derivatives from Latin and Greek, arranged in the Order of Classical Grammars, with an Alphabetical Index. By DAVID MILNE, M.A. Crown 8v0. LIFE of DR. WILLIAM CAREY, Shoemaker and Missionary, Professor at Fort William, Calcutta. 1761-1834. By GEORGE SMITH, LL.D. Popular Edition. Portrait and Illustrations. Post 8vo. SERMONS and ADDRESSES to CHILDREN. Including the Beatitudes -The Faithful Nurse, &c. By the late DEAN STANLEY. Post 8vo. The STUDENT'S ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY. THIRD PERIOD. From the Accession of the House of Hanover to the Present Time. 1717-1884. By G. G. PERRY, M.A., Canon of Lincoln. Post 8vo. BRAHMANISM and VEDISM; or, Religious Thought and Life in India as based on the Veda. By Sir MONIER WILLIAMS, K.O.I.E., D.C.L. Third Ediiion. 8vo. SAKOONTALA; or, the Lost Ring: an Indian Drama, Translated into English Prose and Verse from the Sanskrit of Kalidasa. By Sir MONIER WILLIAMS. Fifth Edition. With a Portrait. 8vo. STUDENT'S COMMENTARY on the NEW TESTAMENT. Abridged from The Speaker's Commentary,' by Rev. J. M. FULLER, M.A. Vol. II.-The EPISTLES and REVELATION (completing the Work). Crown 8vo. 78. 6d. The ORIGIN of SPECIES by MEANS of NATURAL SELECTION; or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. By CHARLES DARWIN. A New Large-Type Edition. 2 vols. crown 8vo. The DESCENT of MAN, and SELECTION in RELATION to SEX. By CHARLES DARWIN, A New Large-Type Edition. 2 vols. crown 8vo. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle-street. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1887. CONTENTS.-No 95. - NOTES:-Arms of Florence, 321-The Cross of ChristHundred, 322-Letter of Burns-"Coming out of the little end of the horn," 323-'Biographical Dictionary of the Stage-Reculvers-Spelman On Sacrilege-Archbishop Drummond, 324-Recovery of Speech- 'Dictionary of National Biography '—" Pulling Bacon -Weeping-St. George's, Bloomsbury-Thackeray, 325-Convertisseur Passover Custom-Will of Hugo-Portraits of Mackenzie and Lockhart, 326. QUERIES:-Privy Council Register-Candle-Rent-Stronnay -Comworth-Highland Costume -Norah's Treasure'"Piping hot"-Henry, Lord Clifford-"Keep your Temper" -Visitation of Middlesex, 827-Glass Cannon-Payne "Lacing the cup"-Arms on Church Window - Wrinkle -Moncreiff - Ben Jonson -"Signor Puppy" "Eliot"Poverty Knocker"-St. Sophia-Hely, 328-Finger Rings REPLIES:-Who was Robin Hood? 329-Appeal in Cases of Pardon, 330-"Nom de plume"-Epitaph, 331-Gunn -Arms-Authors Wanted, 329. 5. The " gules. arms of the people": Argent, a cross 6. The arms of the Church: (Azure, if I remember), two keys in saltire or. 7. The arms of the Guelphic faction: Argent, an eagle displayed gules; over its head a small lily or, and beneath its feet a dragon vert. (I supply the omitted tinctures.) 8. The arms of Charles, Duke of Anjou : Azure, semé of fleurs de lis, and in chief a label or. 9. The arms of Robert, King of Naples: Per pale, (a) Barry or and gu.; (b) Azure, semé of fleurs de lis or. (This is erroneous. The arms in the first place are those of Hungary, Gules, four bars argent; and in the second place the Angevin label is omitted. Usually the whole coat is tierced in pale: (a) Hungary, (b) Naples, (c) Jerusalem.) The first, with the lily, is the symbol of the tionary-Cold Harbour-Fringford Church-John Brown-flowery nature of the locality in which our city of By-boat-"Not a bolt out of the blue-Byron, 333- Florence is situated. (The Florentine lily is repreQuarter-Wayter-Rebuilding of St. Paul's-Roll of Winchester-Busby-China Plates-Lease of 999 Years-Crom-sented épanouie, or florençée.) well's Pastimes-Three Chilly Saints-Creature=Drink London M.P.s-'Wisdom of Solomon'- Last Supper' of Leonardo, 332-Charitable Bequests-New English Dic The second is a record of the union of the FlorenInn Signs, 334-Epitaph-Huguenot-Tell-Gurnall, 335-tine republic with Fiesole after the capture and deHarvest Custom-Bray Head-Spade Guinea-Peart-Scarborough Warning-Eleanor of Bretagne-Bellingham, 336-struction of the last-named city by the Florentines Carlile - Bunhill Fields Carrington Bowles, 337-Duke on the day of St. Romolo in the year 1010. with the Silver Hand, 338. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Symonds's Life of Benvenuto Cellini' -Skeat's Principles of English Etymology' - Garnett's 'Life of Carlyle.' Notices to Correspondents, &c. Rates. THE ARMS OF FLORENCE. Writing, at p. 35 of the first volume of this present series, on the 'Arms of the Medici,' I remarked that "in no place were political sympathies so frequently marked by heraldic assumptions or mutations as in Florence"; and I promised at a future time to supply some notes in justification of this assertion. In fulfilment of this promise I send the present paper on the different arms of the Florentine Republic, and in lieu of transcribing my own notes, as I at first intended, have translated the somewhat fuller account which was circulated in Florence last year, on the occasion of the historical procession which was got up in honour of the royal visit, and the unveiling of the new façade of the Duomo. The arms, or heraldic escutcheons, of the republic, which are still to be seen painted under the battlements of the Palazzo Vecchio, are the following:1. The ancient arms of the city of Florence : Gules, a fleur de lis argent. 2. The ancient arms of the union of Florence and Fiesole Per pale argent and gules. 3. The modern arms: Argent, a fleur de lis gules. 4. The arms of the Republic, or of the "Priori di Libertà": Azure, the word "Libertas," in bend or. The third dates from 1215, when the Florentines defeated at Monte Robolini the Pistoians who supported the Ghibelline faction. The victorious Guelphs expelled from Florence the Ghibelline families; and, having seized the reins of government, changed the blazon of the arms of the Republic (which were anciently Gules, a fleur de lis argent) to Argent, a fleur de lis gules (as at present borne). The word "Libertas," which appears in the fourth shield, is the true blazon of the Republic; but it is not known when the Florentines commenced to use it. It is probable that they selected it when they were enabled to shake off the Imperial yoke. The fifth, the "arms of the people" (see 7th S. i. 35), Argent, a cross gu., date, it is believed, from 1292, when the first gonfalonier was created, in the person of Baldo Ruffoli, to whom these arms are assigned. (I suspect a mistake here, as I do not think the Ruffoli ever bore these arms.) It is uncertain when the Florentines commenced to use the arms of the Church. It is believed that it was in one of the periods during which the Guelphic party, which was always devoted to the Papal see, prevailed. The seventh was given in 1265 by Clement IV. to the Florentine Guelphs, who, when exiled from their fatherland, volunteered to serve Charles of Anjou in the war against Manfred of Sicily, the protector of the Ghibellines. The eighth, in which is represented an azure field, semé of golden fleurs de lis, with a golden label, is that of Charles of Anjou, to whom the Florentine Guelphs in 1267 consented to give the |