Coloured Thinking and Other Studies in Science and Literature. By Dr. D. F. FRASER-HARRIS. (5s. net. Routledge.) It is a very pleasant experience for people who are not scientific to come across a book like this, in which scientific matters are handled both popularly and competently. We think Dr. FraserHarris very kind to his brother scientists. Some of them are not merely unwilling, but are positively unable, to express themselves clearly. The author of this book is both willing and able. He gives us a dozen interesting studies in which science and literature are mingled in attractive proportions. The book is for the general reader, and would prove a very good addition to a sixthform or a college library.

The Correspondence of Spinoza. Translated and Edited, with Introduction and Annotations, by Prof. A. WOLF. (15s. Allen & Unwin.)

Prof. Wolf believes that the common interpretations of Spinozism need impartial revision. He has set himself the task of translating the complete works of Spinoza, and this volume contains the Correspondence, which, it is contended, is indispensable for an adequate understanding of Spinoza's philosophy. The introduction gives sufficient information about the correspondents of Spinoza to enable the reader of the letters to place them in their context, and the letters themselves are elucidated by scholarly annotations. To students of Spinoza this wellprinted volume, the fruit of much labour and research, will be of great service.

(1) Great Philosophies of the World. By C. E. M. JOAD. (6d. Benn.)

(2) Criminology. By H. WYNDHAM. (6d. Benn.)

Like the rest of this series, these two books contain an extraordinary amount of good matter in a very small compass. Mr. Joad, with his usual clarity of writing, introduces the reader to the great philosophers of the world from Plato to Bertrand Russell, and adds a useful bibliography for each chapter. The second book discusses crime, punishment, juvenile delinquency, habitual criminals, and the machinery of justice, and yet has space for a chapter on "Remedial Progress." Philosophy To-day: Essays on Recent Developments in the Field of Philosophy. Collected and Edited by Prof. E. L. SCHAUB. (18s. Open Court Publishing Co.)

The Technique of Controversy: Principles of Dynamic Logic. · By B. B. BOGOSLOVSKY. (12s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.) Birds and Beasts of the Greek Anthology. By N. DOUGLAS. (7s. 6d. net. Chapman & Hall.)

The Romance of Reality: The Beauties and Mysteries of Modern Science. By Dr. B. L. CLARKE. (IOS. net. New York: Macmillan.)

Philosophical Theology. By Dr. F. R. TENNANT.

Volume I. The Soul and its Faculties. (21s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

The Philosophical Bases of Education. By Dr. R. R. RUSK. (5s. net. University of London Press.)

Plato's Theory of Ethics: The Moral Criterion and the Highest Good. By Prof. R. C. LODGE. (21s. net. Kegan Paul.) Culture and Social Progress. By Prof. J. K. FOLSOM. (12s. 6d. net. Longmans.)

The Standardization of Error. By Dr. V. STEFANSSON. (2s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Judgment and Reasoning in the Child. By Prof. J. PIAGET. In Collaboration with Mlles. E. CARTALIS, S. ESCHEr, A. HANHART, L. HAHNLOSER, O. MATTHES, S. PERRET, and M. ROUD. (10s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

"

In this volume M. Piaget gives a further report on his researches into the development of the child mind. His earlier book, "The Language and Thought of the Child," showed the importance of the egocentricism" of all children; they think for themselves, without troubling to make themselves understood by others, nor attempting to understand another's point of view. This, according to M. Piaget, is the main difference between the reasoning of the child and that of the adult. Logic aims at proof, and if there is no desire to prove anything, it follows there is little need for logic. M. Piaget devised careful experiments to discover how the child behaves when confronted with the conjunctions which denote logical and causal relations, and used these devices both intensively, by keeping certain children under -observation for a month at a time, and extensively by group tests in the elementary schools of Geneva. The results are fully described and discussed, and will interest all intelligent observers of young children.

Performance Tests of Intelligence: a Series of Non-linguistic Tests for Deaf and Normal Children. By Dr. J. DREVER and Dr. MARY COLLINS. (5s. net. Oliver and Boyd.) The need for tests of practical, as well as linguistic, ability has always been felt by intelligence-testers. In America, the performance tests of Pintner and Paterson (first devised for deaf children), have been very widely used for testing illiterates and foreign immigrants, as well as with normal children, and a similar scale has now been produced by Drs. Drever and Collins. They describe eight tests, chiefly adapted from old material, with new methods of administering and scoring. The series can be given to any individual child in less than an hour, and be given without difficulty to deaf children. Unfortunately the material required for these tests is expensive; the Edinburgh firm which supplies it charges £10 for one complete set (including a carrying case), and £6 extra for the additional material required for children under 7.

The Symbolic Process and its Integration in Children: a Study in Social Psychology. By Prof. J. F. MARKEY. (10s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

A study of the origin and nature of words, signs, and symbols, in order to throw light on the mechanisms used for social control. The most interesting section is an exhaustive analysis of the available records of children's first words, and especially the first use of the personal pronouns. The more theoretical chapters are obscured for the English reader by the technical terminology of American pedagogy.

Psychology of Infancy and Early Childhood.

By Prof. A. H.

ARLITT. (IOS. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.) A useful text-book of child-psychology, mainly from the behaviourist standpoint. It deals with the typical innate and acquired responses, memory, imagination, and thought, and also touches on the subject of individual differences in young children. The strong point of the book is that it brings together, in convenient compass and simple language, the results of a very large number of recent studies in child psychology which might not be otherwise easily accessible to parents and teachers. For this reason it is worth its high price.

The Cave Man's Legacy. By Dr. E. H. HANKIN.
Kegan Paul.)

(5s. net.

Dr. Hankin's purpose in writing this book is to justify the common view that "the cave man within us" plays or, if we allow him, may play, an important part in influencing our conduct. Psychologists investigate, as they should, the origin of our tendency to do wrong, but they are not always aware how much their conclusions are supported by historical and ethnological evidence. Conversely, ethnologists are not always aware of the strong psychological reasons for believing that the primitive brute is pretty strong within us. This book, which from the first page to the last, is replete with interesting fact and inference, is meant to exemplify this mutual support.

A B C of Adler's Psychology. By P. MAIRET. (3s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Students of education who desire an introduction to Adler's work in psychology will find this little book very useful. More than once lately has attention been drawn in our columns to the "" concrete 'individual psychology," the subjects of which are particular unique human beings "—a psychology which "can only be truly learned from the men, women, and children we meet.' This is a promising start for a teacher's psychology. How far Adler agrees with writers of the psycho-analytic school, how profoundly he differs from them, and how he would make it the grand aim in education to strike at the roots of a false individualism, may be gathered from this unpretending volume. The Hygiene of Instruction: a Study of the Mental Health of the School Child. By Dr. L. A. AVERILL. (7s. 6d. net. Harrap.) The Child Guidance Clinic and the Community: a Group of Papers Written from the Viewpoints of the Clinic, the Juvenile Court, the School, the Child Welfare Agency, and the Parent. By Dr. R. P. TRUITT, Dr. L. G. LoWREY, Judge C. W. HOFFMAN, W. L. CONNOR, ETHEL TAYLOR, and FANNY R. KEndel. (New York: Commonwealth Fund.)

The Beautiful in Music. By Dr. M. SCHOEN. (4s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Educational Psychology: an Objective Study. By Prof. P. SANDIFORD. (10s. 6d. Longmans.)

The Unconscious in Action: its Influence upon Education. By BARBARA LOW. (5s. net. University of London Press.) (Continued on page 616)

An Introduction to Physical Science. By Prof. J. RICE. (6d. Benn.) A delightful little book, certainly up to the standard of others in this well-known series. It is eminently suitable for older non-science boys and girls, and may also be recommended to science specialists as giving a broad view of the subject. Culture: The Diffusion Controversy. By Prof. G. ELLIOT SMITH, Prof. B. MALINOWSKI, Dr. H. J. SPINDEN, and Dr. A. GOLDENWEISER. (2s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Huxley's aphorism that epochs in science are made by those men who introduce new ideas and new methods is particularly appropriate to the diffusion theory of Elliot Smith and Perry. Although orthodox opinion is still sceptical, the evidence that the various civilizations of the world are all ultimately derived from that of ancient Egypt is weighty enough to demand the most careful consideration. In the present book, Prof. Elliot Smith briefly sets forth his views in the introductory essay, Prof. Malinowski and Dr. Spinden offer their criticisms, and Dr. Goldenweiser sums up. According to Dr. Spinden," problems of cultural inter-relations on the civilized plane between the Eastern and Western hemispheres must be decided on basic arguments, not on merely curious similarities." But surely it is the very fact that these "curiosae can scarcely be conceived

to have originated independently that forms one of the strongest arguments in favour of the diffusion theory. In our view Prof. Elliot Smith's article is undoubtedly the most convincing of the present symposium.

The Origins of Agriculture. By H. PEAKE. (6d. Benn.)

That agriculture is the foundation on which rests civilization is often not realized. The quest, however, for the "when, where and how did agriculture begin "takes Mr. Peake into the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and elsewhere, and results in a singularly interesting booklet showing much of what has been achieved by recent archaeological exploration. Precise answers are impossible; but all available evidence is scrutinized, and conclusions warrantable therefrom indicated.

Junior Test Papers in Chemistry. By E. J. Holmyard. (Is. 3d. Pitman.)

None can be better qualified by his experience as teacher, text-book writer and examiner than the author of this little volume of exercises in setting forth a series of test papers which, while free from catch-questions, do tend to bring out the real knowledge possessed by the candidate. Incidentally there is embodied in the preface with commendable brevity, sound examination advice to students such as we would wish all to know. The exercises are eighty in number, and we can recommend them to all teachers of chemistry.

Higher Test Papers in Chemistry. By E. J. Holmyard. (3s. Pitman.)

Following on the above we have another volume of test papers designed for candidates for Higher Certificate, Intermediate and University Scholarship examinations. We note the tendency in the light of examination experience, to avoid numerical problems on the whole. We doubt, however, the wisdom of this. After all, examination practice may alter, and numerical application is important. We welcome the inclusion of occasional questions involving the history and philosophy of the subject.

The Master Thinkers: Vignettes in the History of Science. By Prof. R. J. HARVEY-GIBSON. (2s. 6d. Nelson.) There seems to be no limit to the output of works dealing with the history of science-a vogue of recent years which on the whole we welcome very much. One of the latest of these, the volume before us, is by the distinguished Emeritus Professor of Botany in the University of Liverpool, Prof. R. J. Harvey-Gibson. This volume is not so much a history of science as a series of sketches of the lives and work of famous men of science. They follow a rough chronological order, and are well-written in a free and easy style. We particularly like the innovation of eight full-page coloured portraits. The book is very cheap at the price and we commend it without reservation. The Origins of Civilization: The Earliest Phase. By E. N. FALLAIZE. (6d. Benn.)

Benn's now well-known sixpenny series is one of the blessings bestowed by the publishing world-or one corner of it-on a surely grateful public. The particular volume under notice is typical of the series. The author has succeeded completely in the presentation of an important theme in a most interesting manner, fully intelligible to the general reader, who will not fail to be stimulated to further reading on this fascinating subject. And this surely is one of the main objects of the series.

Huxley Memorial Lecture, 1928: Conversion in Science. By Prof. G. E. SMITH. (Is. net. Macmillan.)

In this interesting pamphlet Prof. Elliot Smith discusses the psychological process of conversion in science, i.e. the nature of the factors that convince a man of the validity of a theory as an adequate expression of the results of observations and experiments. He draws his illustrations mainly from Huxley. The pamphlet is an extremely useful piece of work and should be read by all engaged in scientific education. Manual of Meteorology. Volume II. Comparative Meteorology. By Sir NAPIER SHAW, with the assistance of ELAINE AUSTIN. (36s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

"

The first volume of Sir Napier Shaw's Manual," which was noticed in these columns last year, was an historical summary dealing largely with meteorological instruments and methods of observation. The results which have been gathered by the use of these instruments and methods are now brought together in Volume II, which describes the structure and circulation of our atmosphere as revealed by modern meteorological observations. The first three chapters deal with the influence of solar radiation and the physical features of the surface (land or sea) upon which the atmosphere rests, together with the composition of the atmosphere itself. These are followed by the main part of the book, dealing with variations in the mean values of temperature, humidity, pressure, and general circulation. This portion is illustrated by means of large numbers of extremely interesting maps and tables of data which form a most valuable compendium of meteorological information, and should be of constant use for reference. There are also some chapters on cyclones and anti-cyclones, including a short section on weather forecasting. The book concludes with a summary of assumptions and principles concerning the atmosphere which form the ". . . knocker of the house which is to be represented by the remaining volumes." A glossary of technical terms given at the commencement should be of great use to those unfamiliar with meteorological language, and together with Sir Napier Shaw's delightfully lucid style (which is maintained throughout) should render "the weather " less incomprehensible even to the inhabitants of our afflicted islands. A School Certificate Chemistry. By A. E. FOOT. (3s. Dent.)

This is a revised impression of a book which has already been reviewed in these columns. Several misprints which occurred in the first issue have been corrected, though we notice that the symbol for uranium is still given as Ur instead of U. The book is intended for school certificate candidates and forms a useful concise survey of the essential matter.

Elementary Organic Chemistry. By H. ADKINS and S. M. MCELVAIN. (11s. 3d. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.) This book is on American lines, and plunges straight away into the study of methane, ethane, and their derivatives. Enzymes occur as early as page 5, and although the book consists of only 177 pages the last is decorated with formulae for cocaine and quinine. As a book for quick revision it would probably be useful to a student who has already covered the ground, but in our opinion the average English schoolboy or undergraduate would probably find it quite indigestible.

Volumetric Analysis for Intermediate Students. By H. LAMBOURNE and J. A. MITCHELL. (2s. 6d. Milford.)

A small book, intended for beginners. Emphasis is very properly laid upon the importance of the idea of normality. At the end, a selection of volumetric problems is given; some of these are unusual and will prove useful to teachers who like variety. Elementary Science. Part I. By F. BRAY. (Is. 2d. Limp Cloth, Is. 4d. Arnold.)

Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism. By R. A. HOUSTOUN. (4s. 6d. Longmans.)

Pots and Pans: the History of Ceramics. By H. S. HARRISON. In the Beginning: the Origin of Civilization. By G. ELIOT SMITH. (2s. 6d. net each. Howe.)

Senior Chemistry for Schools. By W. R. JAMIESON. Vol. I. (9s. Melbourne: Macmillan.)

Modern Biology: a Review of the Principal Phenomena of Animal Life in Relation to Modern Concepts and Theories. By J. T. CUNNINGHAM. (10s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

A New Experimental Science. By J. G. FREWIN. Part III. (1s. 6d. Clarendon Press.)

The Reason-Why Nature Readers. By F. M. DUNCAN and LUCY T. DUNCAN. First Book-Spring. Second Book-Summer. (IS. 3d. each. Collins.)

A Text Book of Bacteriology and its Application. By Prof. C. M. HILLIARD. (12s. 6d. net. Ginn.)

(Continued on page 616)

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Higher Course for Teachers only or French masters abroad. Examinations and Certificates.

Excursions in the Pyrénées. Half-Price Tickets. Special tickets at reduced prices-Paris-Bagnères-available to all. Apply for information to Director, Prof. MARCEL ROTHSCHILD, 32 Place Marcadieu, Tarbes (Htes-Pyrénées).

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There's a whole world of creative and fruitful ideas in The Healthy Life, the sane but forwardlooking monthly, which not only exposes common superstitions and medical fallacies and their disastrous results, but shows how men and women can, by sensible diet, correct breathing, self-understanding, and other daily habits, co-operate with Nature's inherent forces to regain health and attain to a finer quality of life on all planes. Current issue 7d. post free.

Unique Catalogue of AIDS TO TRUE HEALTH, free if you mention The Journal of Education.

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Youth A Book for Two Generations. By Dr. ELIZABETH S. CHESSER. (2s. 6d. net. Methuen.)

"

An extremely sensible little book, which should help to resolve the conflict between youth and middle age. Dr. Chesser has much to say on behalf of the young women of to-day; these girls are fine and free and capable as women never were before, with trained minds and wonderful opportunities for self-realization, and they will make something very big of their lives." She gives useful advice to the parents of difficult children and also to young married people, as she feels that mental and physical health in adolescence and at the time of marriage would prevent most of the unhappiness and maladjustment so prevalent in middle age.

Household Carpentry. By L. M. ROEHL. (6s. 6d. net. New York: Macmillan.)

This book, like many others, is evidence for the proposition that handwork cannot be learnt from books. The descriptions, although concise, simple, and practical, are not nearly so valuable as would be a few lessons from a practical carpenter or a skilled teacher of handicraft. In spelling and phraseology it is very American. The English reader can translate ax" and "vise," but what is he to make of "coping saw"? The woodworking jobs" illustrated, too, are more suited to American than to English needs, although the teacher of handicraft may find among them many useful tips and examples.

Women's Work in Modern England. By VERA BRITTAIN. (6S. Noel Douglas.)

This will be found a very useful book by all who have opportunities of advising girls about the choice of a career; it is not so suitable to put into the hands of the girls themselves because of the author's exaggerated account of the disadvantages of the teaching profession. Except for this one drawback, it can be highly recommended for the admirable account which it gives of the wide opportunities now open to women in industry, business, the professions, and in voluntary work.

School Libraries: Practical Hints on Management. By ETHEL S. FEGAN. (3s. 6d. net. Heffer.)

Miss Fegan's experience as librarian, first of Cheltenham Ladies College and afterwards of Girton, has enabled her to write an extremely useful book; by its aid any intelligent teacher will be able to equip a library, classify and catalogue the books, pictures, and periodicals, and in general become an efficient school librarian. The book is beautifully printed and paragraphed, and is interleaved for the comments and additions of the reader. Both author and publisher are to be congratulated. Thomas Hobbes. The Elements of Law: Natural and Politic, Edited with a Preface and Critical Notes by Dr. F. TONNIES. to which are Subjoined Selected Extracts from Unprinted MSS. of Thomas Hobbes. (8s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)

In the year 1640 Hobbes circulated a manuscript treatise called The Elements of Law," and ten years later it was printed in the form of two books-" Human Nature" and "De Corpore Politico." Dr. Tonnies has now printed the complete work from a collation of several manuscripts. It deals with what we should now call psychology, logic, and political science, and even the modern reader will find it lucid, cogent, and readable. The subjoined pieces comprise a short English philosophical treatise and some extracts from a Latin work on optics. Roman Coins: From the Earliest Times to the Fall of the Western Empire. By H. MATTINGLEY. (218. net. Methuen.)

It was an excellent idea to open this series of Handbooks of Archaeology with a volume on Roman Coins. Hitherto the only book suitable to general readers and students who are beginning the subject has been Dr. G. F. Hill's excellent Handbook, which deals in a very limited space with both Greek and Roman coins. The present volume is, therefore, particularly welcome. Mr. Mattingley is a scholar whose work on Roman coinage is already well known, and as he says in the preface," the time is ripe for a new survey of the material in the light of all that research has done since Mommsen's great work was published." The text occupies 268 pages, and there are 64 plates of all types of coins admirably reproduced, including every aspect of the subject, from the earliest times to the Fall of the Western Empire. The external history of the coinage, the content of coins, their types and legends, and the place of coinage in the general life of the State are discussed, and show very clearly

Board of Education. Educational Pamphlets, No. 56. Secondary Education in the States of New York and Indiana. (3s. 6d. net. H.M.S.O.)

A Code of Rules for the Prevention of Communicable Diseases in Schools, Issued by the Medical Officers of Schools Association. Ninth Edition. (2s. 6d. Churchill.)

Education in Wales. Report of the Board of Education under the Welsh Intermediate Education Act, 1889, for the Year 1927(6d. net. H.M.S.O.)

Aims and Methods of a Chair of Spanish Studies: an Inaugural Lecture Delivered before the University of Oxford on 15 May, 1928. By Prof. S. DE MADARIAGA. (28. net. Clarendon Press.)

Report of the Triennial Conference on Imperial Education, July, 1924. (3s. 6d. League of the Empire.)

Essex Education Committee. Report of the Director of Education for the Three Years ended 31st March, 1928.

""

Seiji Noma: Magazine King" of Japan-a Sketch of his Life, Character, and Enterprises. (Tokyo: Dai Nippon Yubenkwai Kodansha).

A Short Review of Education in Leicestershire, 1925 to 1928. By W. A. BROCKINGTON. (IS. Education Committee, Leicester.) University of London, University College Union Society. "The Other Point of View" the Oration Delivered by Mr. John Drinkwater during the Thirty-second Foundation Week on Thursday, March 15, 1928. (Is. net. University of London Press.)

By By &c. By

S.P.E. Tract No. ΧΧΧ. American Pronunciation. H. KURATH. Words from the French. -É, -ÉE. Pronunciation of "Clothes,"

M. BARNES.

R. BRIDGES. (2s. 6d. net. Clarendon Press.) Union of Lancashire and Cheshire Institutes. Session 1928-1929.

Prospectus,

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Reports Submitted to the Court of Governors, October 19th, 1927. (IS.) Education Department, Orange Free State Province. Report for the Year ending 31st December, 1927.

Prospectus of the Royal College of Art, S. Kensington, London.
Session 1928-1929. (4d. net. H.M.S.O.)

The Sixty Best Games for Playground, Field, or Gymnasium.
By W. A. LONG. (IS. net. Athletic Publications Ltd.)
The Crisis in Cricket and the Leg Before Rule." By the Hon.
R. H. LYTTELTON. (3s. 6d. net. Longmans.)
The International Handbook of Child Care and Protection: Being
a Record of State and Voluntary Effort for the Welfare of the
Child, including Information on Marriage, Divorce, and
Illegitimacy, Education, the Care of the Destitute Child, •
Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents and Conditions of Juvena
Employment throughout the World. Compiled, from the
Official Sources, by E. FULLER, and Supplementary Articles
by EGLANTYNE JEBB, Rt. Hon. NOEL BUXTON, Dr. W. M.
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The Holiday Book for Boys: Containing Concise and Practical
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