Six Craft Plays. By W. R. COOPER and A. DUNNING. (IS. 6d. Bell. Glasgow: Holmes.)

These are six delightful plays, each one of them fitted to be the centre of a study of a period of history and each at the same time dealing with some craft, whether it is that of the making of the first bow and arrow, or that of the alchemist, or that of the maker of machines. Young players will find all equally thrilling, and may well pass from the acting of them to the making of plays of their own dealing with the industries to be found in the town or country side in which their school is placed. The reader has envied the pupils who have had the good fortune to be taught in the atmosphere which has given rise to these little works of art.

Poetry in School. By Dr. J. H. JAGGER. (бs. net. University of London Press.)

Dr. Jagger has produced a very sane, straightforward, openminded statement, with which most teachers of thoughtful experience will agree. He has no new theory of method, nor any panacea for removing difficulties; and he makes no extravagant claims. He admits that poetry, although profoundly influencing feeling and action, does not necessarily make one a better man or a more useful citizen. Those thinkers who have defended poetry on moral or utilitarian grounds have been driven to this position by the reigning conceptions of the age in which they lived, whilst all the time they have loved poetry for its own sake. As a thing of beauty it stands on its own merits as of permanent value and as a perpetual source of pleasure. Before a teacher can present a poem, says Dr. Jagger in effect, he must have really studied poetry, as well as have developed a genuine love of poetry. But intellectual analysis has no place in the school, except in the highest forms and in universities. Dr. Jagger makes good suggestions about the appreciation lesson, but he is implacably opposed to formalism and rigidity of method. There are helpful chapters on analysis of technique, where the language is refreshingly simple and free from pedantry. Many poems are quoted, but no lists are given. The book is meant to stimulate thought, not to save people the trouble of thinking, and it achieves its purpose admirably.

"The Pilgrim's Progress of John Bunyan: a Dramatized Version of Certain Scenes in his Own Words. Arranged by W. Rix. (Paper, 2s.; cloth, 3s. Allen & Unwin.) This dramatic version of The Pilgrim's Progress "has proved itself not only practicable, but successful, for it has been printed at the request of an audience who saw it acted last Christmas by members of the congregation of an Ealing church. Its appearance this year is peculiarly appropriate as many will doubtless be planning a celebration of the tercentenary of Bunyan's birth.

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The Bird that is Blue: A Study of Maeterlinck's Two Fairy Plays. By FLORENCE G. FIDLER. (5s. Selwyn & Blount.) Though curiously unscholared (to borrow one of the author's own formations) in its diction, this is an interesting study of Maeterlinck's fairy plays. Its assumption that the poet must have a definite meaning capable of logical expression may be challenged, but its claim that the Blue Bird represents man's highest conception at successive stages, his unattained and receding ideal, is an advance upon the doctrine of the theatre programmes, that the Blue Bird means happiness. Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics. Book Fifth (Nineteenth Century.) Selected and Arranged by L. BINYON. With Notes by J. H. FOWLER. (2s. 6d. Macmillan.) She Stoops to Conquer. By OLIVER GOLDSMITH. With Introduction and Notes by R. HERRING. (IS. 9d. Macmillan.) Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century. By D. N. SMITH. (5s. net. Clarendon Press.)

The Grey Pedlar: a Fantasy in Two Acts. Words and Music by MADELEINE DE CAMERA. (1s. Blackie.)

Balaustion's Adventure, including a Transcript from Euripides. By R. BROWNING. Edited by Dr. E. A. PARKER. (IS. 9d. Macmillan.)

The Second Part of Henry the Fourth. Edited by Prof. C. H. HERFORD. (2s. 6d. Blackie.)

Lavender's Blue. By FLORENCE HOATSON. (2s. 6d. net. Harrap.) At the Brig End: a Romantic Play in One Act. By S. Asgold. (IS. net.) Honest Folk: a Comedy in One Act. A Bit of Help: a Comedy in One Act. By F. A. HYDE. (9d. net each. Deane.)

Junior Geometry. By A. E. TWEEDY. (2s. 3d. Dent.)

This is an interesting text-book with some novel features. It is essentially an introduction to the subject, and no attempt is made to build up a complete logical system. But when the author claims in the preface that "the theoretical work is so arranged that the whole or any part of it may be omitted without destroying the sequence," he is clearly making an absurd claim; for either no sequence exists, or else the omission of essential links must destroy it. In fact there is a sequence, and one of the most noticeable features of it is that the circle properties are introduced early, before congruence properties, and this may well promote interest in the subject. The book should be taken as a whole by pupils of average ability, but weaker pupils can do the practical and inductive exercises without going on to the deductive. A minor drawback to the book is that answers are not given to measurement questions.

The Teaching of Arithmetic in the Infant and Junior School. By A. MONTEITH. (бs. net. Harrap.)

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Books on method are sufficiently rare to be welcomed. The first chapter of this book on " Aims and Methods alone justifies publication. The author goes on to deal with the progressive stages of the teaching of arithmetic to children under 1o, showing what apparatus should be used in the infant school and how. We welcome particularly the final chapter on number study. Many children, perhaps all intelligent children, have an interest in numbers as such, and they should certainly be encouraged to make friends, when young, with numbers which they will meet on many and various occasions in later life, and so learn early to recognize their peculiarities.

Elements of Practical Plane Geometry: a Two Years' Course for Day and Evening Technical Students. By P. W. SCOTT. Part I (First Year). Chapters I-VI Inclusive. Part 2 (Second Year). Chapters VII-XI Inclusive. (IS. each. Pitman.)

Although these small volumes are almost entirely concerned with geometrical drawing, there is practically no deductive work; the necessary constructions are given without explanation of the reasons for them. But on the practical side they are valuable. There are numerous clear diagrams, many of them illustrating the drawing and design of familiar objects in everyday life.

Theory of Probability. By the late Dr. W. BURNSIDE. (IOS. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)

The Cambridge University Press is to be congratulated on its enterprise in producing a book of this type, for there can be little, if any, profit in doing so, yet it contains matter that is certainly worth preserving and issuing to the limited public who are capable of appreciating it. The book has been constructed

from a manuscript which Prof. Burnside had practically completed before his death. It has been prepared for the press by Prof. Forsyth, who contributes a memoir of Prof. Burnside, originally written for the Royal Society. The book just falls short of being a systematic treatise on the theory of probability. It is not easy reading and is in no sense a book for school use, but teachers who are interested in the subject will find plenty of material here with which to enliven and illustrate their school teaching.

Bell's Everyday Arithmetics. By J. B. THOMSON. (Pupils* Books, Manilla Covers, I and II, 8d. each. III and IV, 10d. each. Stiff Boards, I and II, 1od. each. III and IV, Is. each. Teachers' Books, I and II, 2s. each. III and IV, 2s. 3d. each. Bell.)

The Art of Arithmetic. By Dr. H. E. J. CURZON. Pupils' Book I, 8d., II and III, 1od. each. IV, Is., V, Is. 2d. Teachers' Book I, 2s. Nelson.)

Practical School Algebra. By C. V. DURELL. (Part I, Is. 9d.
With Answers, 2s. Parts II and III, 1s. 6d. each. With
Answers, Is. 9d. each. Complete, 4s. With Answers, 4s. 6d.
Complete Answers, in Separate Form, 9d. net. Bell.)
An Account of the Principles of Measurement and Calculation.
By Dr. N. R. CAMPBELL. (12s. 6d. Longmans.)
An Elementary Treatise on Differential Equations and their
Applications. By Prof. H. T. H. PIAGGIA. New Edition,
Revised and Enlarged. (12s. net. Bell.)

The Symmetrical Optical System. By Dr. G. C. STEWARD.
(7s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)
Trigonometry. By A. W. SIDDONS and R. T. HUGHES. (Parts
I-III, 4s. 6d. Parts I-II, 3s. 6d. Part I, Is. 9d. Part II,
2s. 6d. Part III, Is. 9d. Cambridge University Press.)
Practical Mathematics for Juniors. By G. W. MANFIELD. (3s.
Blackie.)

Teaching the Essentials of Arithmetic. By Dr. P. B. BALLARD. (6s. net. University of London Press.)

Speed and Accuracy Tests in Arithmetic. Book IIa. By C. W. SAURIN. (5d. Blackie.)

Three-Figure Mathematical Tables. By Dr. H. BAKER, (3d.

Chambers.)

Exercises in Arithmetic.
Clarendon Press.)
Calculus. By Prof. H. B. FINE.
Macmillan.)

379 Brain Trainers in Arithmetic.
Trainers in Arithmetic. (2s. net.
Practical Lessons in Book-keeping.
W. HUSTWICK. Sixth Edition.
Press.)

Novice Corner: an Elementary Handbook of the Gramophone. (IS. Gramophone (Publications) Ltd.) With the great improvements in gramophones, and the new electrical recordings, it is not surprising that a considerable literature already exists dealing with all sorts of points-how

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to treat the instrument-how to make a collection of recordshow to use the gramophone for educational purposes, &c. Novice Corner," issued from the offices of "The Gramophone," contains much sound advice on the care and upkeep of gramophones, and the need of discrimination in the choice of records. Operatic Translations. By H. F. V. Little. Vols. I and II. (2s. each. Gramophone (Publications) Ltd.) These serve the same purpose as the Annotated Programme. They are the first of a projected series of handbooks for the gramophone owner, and have a distinct educational value, as they will encourage intelligent listening, for even if one cannot always hear the words of operatic singers, it is sometimes just as well to know what the opera is all about.

The Celtic Song Book: Being Representative Folk Songs of the Six Celtic Nations. Chosen by Dr. A. P. GRAVES. (10s. 6d. Benn.)

What Mr. Cecil Sharp accomplished with his wonderful collection of Folk Songs of the four nations within the British Isles, now finds a response in this selection of Folk Songs of the six Celtic nations-the Irish, Scots, and Manx Gaels, and the Cymry of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany. Many willing helpers have assisted Dr. Graves, in collecting and compiling this wonderful book. Their names are all duly set forth and their great assistance acknowledged in the preface. A General Intro

(9d. net.) Key to Brain Normal Press.)

By T. C. JACKSON and (5s. University Tutorial

duction explains how many of these songs came into being, songs of occupation, Celtic lullabies, plough-tunes, and laments,. the development of the accompaniments, the separation of the song and dance; these and many other points are treated and explained in a manner which helps to make clear the origin and development of Celtic melody. Where possible the original words have been collected and preserved.

Sight-Reading Tests for Beginners. By DORA PIERCE and LILIAN LEAVEY. Books I and II. (1s. 6d. each. Oxford University Press.)

More attention is now being given to that most important branch of musical education, the practice of reading at sight. These books provide the right kind of material for sight reading in the early stages.

Sonatina per il Mandolina for Violin and Piano. By L. VAN BEETHOVEN. Edited and Adapted by T. F. DUNHILL. (2s. net. Williams.)

A little sonatina of only moderate difficulty. Mr. Dunhill's. name as editor is sufficient guarantee that the bowing, phrasing, etc., has been carefully done.

March Tune. Canzonetta. By C. JAFFRAY. (Is. 6d. net each. Williams.)

Beethoven. The Pianoforte Sonatas II. By A. F. MILNE. (IS. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)

Two Pieces for Piano. (a) Humoresque. (b) Robin Redbreast. By D. ÉDESON. (2s. net. Williams.)

Principles of Musical Education. By Dr. J. L. MURSELL.. (7s. 6d. net. New York. Macmillan.)

A Modern German Course: for Students of History, Geography, Economics, and Literature. By J. BITHELL and A. C. DUNSTAN. (4s. Methuen.)

This course is chiefly for older students who wish to acquire rapidly sufficient German to be able to read any ordinary text for purposes of research. The grammatical introduction gives all necessary forms, and this is followed by passages for reading chosen chiefly from geographical and historical sources. There are two extracts on the Great War that should appeal to all. Each extract is followed by brief notes and there is a full vocabulary.

Weh Dem, Der Lügt! Lustspiel in Fünf Aufzugen. By F.

GRILLPARZER. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and
Vocabulary, by Prof. C. H. BELL. (5s. 6d. net. Oxford
University Press.)

This classical comedy should prove excellent for reading in an upper form. This appears to be the first school edition, and as such it is to be welcomed after the quantities of repetitions that exist of some texts.

Voyages en Zigzag. By R. TÖPFFER. Selections from "Premiers Voyages en Zigzag " and "Nouveaux Voyages en Zigzag." Edited by Prof. W. THOMAS. (2s.) French Town and Country: an Anthology of Prose and Verse. Compiled and Edited by Prof. T. B. RUDMOSE-BROWN. (2s. 6d.) Le Capitaine Pamphile. By ALEXANDRE DUMAS. Abridged and Edited by Prof. W. THOMAS. (IS. 9d.) (Nelson.) These three books are additions to Nelson's Modern Studies Series which we have already reviewed favourably. Each volume has an introduction in English, a few notes, a vocabulary, and a well-printed text. Töpffer's masterpiece has been often edited; Prof. Thomas has made selections from the two works and added some of the original illustrations. Prof. RudmoseBrown has made an anthology of descriptions of French provinces which will prove attractive to those students who propose to spend some time across the Channel. The extracts are from modern authors, the opening extract by M. Herriot having been published only last year. Dumas's story, also edited and abridged by Prof. Thomas, will make a good term reader for a middle form. The publishers are producing these books very attractively and at a very modest price.

Memoires de Sully. Annotation and Glossary by Rev. W. D. MONRO. Lettres de Mon Moulin. By A. DAUDET. Annotation and Glossary by Dr. P. VRIJDAGHS and W. RIPMAN. Le Barbier de Séville. By BEAUMARCHAIS. Introduction, Notes, and Glossary, by Dr. P. VRIJDAGHS and W. RIPMAN. (IS. 9d. each.) German Ballads and Narrative Poems. Compiled and Annotated by Dr. P. VRIJDAGHS and W. RIPMAN. (2s. 3d. Dent.)

These four volumes form additions to Dent's Treasuries of French and German literature. They differ from the preceding series in that the introduction and notes are in French. The "Memoires de Sully "will interest the historical student and we believe it has never been published before so cheaply. But Daudet's" Lettres" has been edited so often that a halt might be called in the repetition of editions. "Le Barbier de Séville is also an old favourite that all French pupils should read during a four-year course. The German ballads are most interesting and well chosen; they include specimens from Bürger to Sacken and with the introductions and notes in German, they will be kept when most other school-books have been thrown away. Cours de Français: Première Année, with Phononomic Script. By H. V. GROVES. (2s. 6d. Methuen.)

Mr. H. V. Groves has added still another to the large number of first French Courses. He excuses himself by alleging that many pupils dislike the usual phonetic script and so he uses what he calls a phononomic script. The book is illustrated. Alfred de Musset. Selected Prose, Drama, and Verse. Edited, with Footnotes and Oral and Written Exercises, by Dr. W. G. HARTOG. (3s. Hachette.)

Dr. Hartog's selection from de Musset includes all sides of the author's work, and would be useful to a student who was specializing on the romantic period.

En Riant: Trois Petites Pièces de Théâtre à lire ou à jouer. Editées, avec des Notes et un Vocabulaire, par F. A. HEDGCOCK. (2s. Bell.)

Those teachers who like their pupils to perform plays in French will find Dr. Hedgcock's three plays-Les Trois Souhaits by Verconsin and two others by himself-very useful. The

Coloured Thinking and Other Studies in Science and Literature. By Dr. D. F. FRASER-HARRIS. (5s. net. Routledge.) It is a very pleasant experience for people who are not scientific to come across a book like this, in which scientific matters are handled both popularly and competently. We think Dr. FraserHarris very kind to his brother scientists. Some of them are not merely unwilling, but are positively unable, to express themselves clearly. The author of this book is both willing and able. He gives us a dozen interesting studies in which science and literature are mingled in attractive proportions. The book is for the general reader, and would prove a very good addition to a sixthform or a college library.

The Correspondence of Spinoza. Translated and Edited, with Introduction and Annotations, by Prof. A. WOLF. (15S. Allen & Unwin.)

Prof. Wolf believes that the common interpretations of Spinozism need impartial revision. He has set himself the task of translating the complete works of Spinoza, and this volume contains the Correspondence, which, it is contended, is indispensable for an adequate understanding of Spinoza's philosophy. The introduction gives sufficient information about the correspondents of Spinoza to enable the reader of the letters to place them in their context, and the letters themselves are elucidated by scholarly annotations. To students of Spinoza this wellprinted volume, the fruit of much labour and research, will be of great service.

(1) Great Philosophies of the World. By C. E. M. JOAD. (6d. Benn.)

(2) Criminology. By H. WYNDHAM. (6d. Benn.)

Like the rest of this series, these two books contain an extraordinary amount of good matter in a very small compass. Mr. Joad, with his usual clarity of writing, introduces the reader to the great philosophers of the world from Plato to Bertrand Russell, and adds a useful bibliography for each chapter. The second book discusses crime, punishment, juvenile delinquency, habitual criminals, and the machinery of justice, and yet has space for a chapter on Remedial Progress."

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Philosophy To-day: Essays on Recent Developments in the Field of Philosophy. Collected and Edited by Prof. E. L. SCHAUB. (18s. Open Court Publishing Co.)

The Technique of Controversy: Principles of Dynamic Logic.
By B. B. BOGOSLOVSKY. (12s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)
Birds and Beasts of the Greek Anthology. By N. DOUGLAS.
(7s. 6d. net. Chapman & Hall.)

The Romance of Reality: The Beauties and Mysteries of Modern
Science. By Dr. B. L. CLARKE. (IOS. net. New York:
Macmillan.)
Philosophical Theology. By Dr. F. R. TENNANT. Volume I.
The Soul and its Faculties. (21s. net. Cambridge University
Press.)

The Philosophical Bases of Education. By Dr. R. R. Rusk. (5s. net. University of London Press.)

Plato's Theory of Ethics: The Moral Criterion and the Highest Good. By Prof. R. C. LODGE. (21s. net. Kegan Paul.) Culture and Social Progress. By Prof. J. K. FOLSOM. (12s. 6d. net. Longmans.)

The Standardization of Error. By Dr. V. STEFANSSON. (2s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Judgment and Reasoning in the Child. By Prof. J. PIAGET. In Collaboration with Mlles. E. CARTALIS, S. ESCHER, A. HANHART, L. HAHNLOSER, O. MATTHES, S. PERRET, and M. ROUD. (10s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

In this volume M. Piaget gives a further report on his researches into the development of the child mind. His earlier book, "The Language and Thought of the Child,” showed the importance of the " egocentricism" of all children; they think for themselves, without troubling to make themselves understood by others, nor attempting to understand another's point of view. This, according to M. Piaget, is the main difference between the reasoning of the child and that of the adult. Logic aims at proof, and if there is no desire to prove anything, it follows there is little need for logic. M. Piaget devised careful experiments to discover how the child behaves when confronted with the conjunctions which denote logical and causal relations, and used these devices both intensively, by keeping certain children under -observation for a month at a time, and extensively by group tests in the elementary schools of Geneva. The results are fully described and discussed, and will interest all intelligent observers of young children.

Performance Tests of Intelligence : a Series of Non-linguistic Tests for Deaf and Normal Children. By Dr. J. DREVER and Dr. MARY COLLINS. (5s. net. Oliver and Boyd.) The need for tests of practical, as well as linguistic, ability has always been felt by intelligence-testers. In America, the performance tests of Pintner and Paterson (first devised for deaf children), have been very widely used for testing illiterates and foreign immigrants, as well as with normal children, and a similar scale has now been produced by Drs. Drever and Collins. They describe eight tests, chiefly adapted from old material, with new methods of administering and scoring. The series can be given to any individual child in less than an hour, and be given without difficulty to deaf children. Unfortunately the material required for these tests is expensive; the Edinburgh firm which supplies it charges £10 for one complete set (including a carrying case), and £6 extra for the additional material required for children under 7.

The Symbolic Process and its Integration in Children: a Study in Social Psychology. By Prof. J. F. MARKEY. (10s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

A study of the origin and nature of words, signs, and symbols, in order to throw light on the mechanisms used for social control. The most interesting section is an exhaustive analysis of the available records of children's first words, and especially the first use of the personal pronouns. The more theoretical chapters are obscured for the English reader by the technical terminology of American pedagogy.

Psychology of Infancy and Early Childhood. By Prof. A. H. ARLITT. (IOS. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.)

A useful text-book of child-psychology, mainly from the behaviourist standpoint. It deals with the typical innate and acquired responses, memory, imagination, and thought, and also touches on the subject of individual differences in young children. The strong point of the book is that it brings together, in convenient compass and simple language, the results of a very large number of recent studies in child psychology which might not be otherwise easily accessible to parents and teachers. For this reason it is worth its high price.

The Cave Man's Legacy. By Dr. E. H. HANKIN. (5S. net. Kegan Paul.)

Dr. Hankin's purpose in writing this book is to justify the common view that " the cave man within us" plays or, if we allow him, may play, an important part in influencing our conduct. Psychologists investigate, as they should, the origin of our tendency to do wrong, but they are not always aware how much their conclusions are supported by historical and ethnological evidence. Conversely, ethnologists are not always aware of the strong psychological reasons for believing that the primitive brute is pretty strong within us. This book, which from the first page to the last, is replete with interesting fact and inference, is meant to exemplify this mutual support.

A B C of Adler's Psychology. By P. MAIret. (3s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

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Students of education who desire an introduction to Adler's work in psychology will find this little book very useful. More than once lately has attention been drawn in our columns to the "individual psychology," the subjects of which are concrete particular unique human beings -a psychology which can only be truly learned from the men, women, and children we meet." This is a promising start for a teacher's psychology. How far Adler agrees with writers of the psycho-analytic school, how profoundly he differs from them, and how he would make it the grand aim in education to strike at the roots of a false individualism, may be gathered from this unpretending volume. The Hygiene of Instruction: a Study of the Mental Health of the School Child. By Dr. L. A. AVERIll. (7s. 6d. net. Harrap.) The Child Guidance Clinic and the Community: a Group of Papers Written from the Viewpoints of the Clinic, the Juvenile Court, the School, the Child Welfare Agency, and the Parent. Dr. R. P. TRUITT, Dr. L. G. LOWREY, Judge C. W. HOFFMAN, W. L. CONNOR, ETHEL TAYLOR, and FANNY R. KENDEL. (New York: Commonwealth Fund.)

By

The Beautiful in Music. By Dr. M. SCHOEN. (4s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

Educational Psychology: an Objective Study. By Prof. P. SANDIFORD. (10s. 6d. Longmans.)

The Unconscious in Action: its Influence upon Education. By BARBARA LOW. (5s. net. University of London Press.)

(Continued on page 616)