no joy, and their end is tragic. The style is powerful and compelling, and the book makes interesting reading. Of quite another kind are the stories by Katherine Mansfield. Exquisite little cameos of life, they are written in light and whimsical fashion, touched with a gentle sadness. A keen observer of the details that matter, Miss Mansfield knew her women and drew them with sympathy and understanding, displaying their little foibles with quiet humour. She has created living and lovable people, and her realization of the importance of small things in the making or marring of human happiness is always apparent. Carlyle: His Rise and Fall. By N. YOUNG.

Duckworth.)

(12s. 6d. net.

No great man of letters has given more openings to the epigrammatist and critic than the nineteenth-century moralist who preached the Gospel of Silence in thirty octavo volumes. Mr. Norwood Young's study of Carlyle's life and writings is in effect a formidable indictment of the prejudices, the inconsistencies, the arrogant claims of superiority over earlier historians in which Carlyle abounded. The charges are not made heedlessly. Many of the faults alleged - as, for example, the continual departures from accurate transcription in the Cromwell letters and speeches have been known to students for a long time; but they have not been brought together into one study before, and, so collected, they inevitably make a strong impression. Yet it would be a calamity if Carlyle should cease to be studied because of these shortcomings. Every writer has the defects of his qualities, and the defects of a personality so strongly individual as Carlyle's are glaringly evident. Mr. Young strives to do justice to the fine traits in Carlyle's character, and he is more alive than some modern critics to the greatness of Carlyle's literary art. But his book suffers from being written too deliberately with the idea of proving Carlyle's judgment to have been almost invariably wrong. Thus it seems, on the whole, to present the case for the prosecution rather than the final verdict of posterity upon the man and his work.

Essays of To-day and Yesterday: Holbrook Jackson, Thomas Burke. (Is. net. each. Harrap.)

As the series lengthens, one becomes increasingly aware of the family likeness between essayists of to-day. The revolt against convention becomes itself a convention; so, too, the reiterated praise of dolce far niente. Mr. Burke's essays, however, have a charm and distinction of their own, and testify to the writer's possession of a heart as well as a head. Classified Questions in English Literature. By M. M. BARBER. (3s. Sidgwick & Jackson.)

Miss Barber has done a real service to teachers of English literature by collecting and arranging these questions. As there are no answers, they cannot be "crammed," and teachers and pupils will find that they require and encourage honest and intelligent thinking.

(1) Abdulla: The Mystery of an Ancient Papyrus. RAINEY. (2s. 6d. net. Gardner & Darton.)

By W.

(2) Held to Ransom. By V. M. METHLEY. (2s. 6d. net. Gardner & Darton.)

Both these volumes of the Laurel Series have as heroes two English schoolboys. Dick and Harry in (1) accompany their uncle and guardian, a professor, in a search for some lost Egyptian manuscripts of the time of Amenhotep IV, which are supposed to be lying hidden in a secret chamber of a temple near the Second Cataract. The date of the story is 1894, when fighting was still going on in the Sudan, and the boys are for a time prisoners in the hands of a party of dervishes. In (2) Dick and Sandy are still at school when news comes that their father, whom they have not seen since they were little children, has been captured in Morocco by brigands who are demanding a heavy ransom for him. The boys form a wild scheme to rescue him, which depends upon their finding a sum of gold long ago hidden by an ancestor in that very country, for which they now embark as stowaways on an old wooden sailing-ship. Their adventures begin as soon as they leave port, and their ship founders in a storm just off the coast of Africa. They, however, manage to reach land, but at a point 200 miles distant from the place where their search is to begin. The interest never flags throughout these two tales, which, though evidently written specially for boys, will please any grown-up who likes a good story of adventure. New Exercises in Précis Writing. By G. BOAS. (2s. 6d. Longmans.)

Précis writing is a most necessary and most profitable part of the teaching of English, and it would be hard to meet with a sounder or more complete guide to it than is furnished by this little volume. There would seem to be nothing essential to add to, or to subtract from, the advice given in the Introduction,

while the author, with his unfailing sense of humour, has, among the passages selected for practice, provided many a spicy bit for the delectation of the student.

An Elizabethan Story-Book: Famous Tales from the Palace of Pleasure. Selected and Arranged, with an Introduction, by Dr. P. HAWORTH. (5s. net. Longmans.) These ten tales from the "Palace of Pleasure" are better known in the form in which they appear in the plays of Shakespeare, Webster, Massinger, and other playwrights of the time, who went for their inspiration to what was the popular fiction of the day. Mr. Haworth has smoothed the way by modernizing the spelling while leaving the old diction and sentence form. English Literature. By MARGHARITA WIDDOWS.

Chatto & Windus.)

(7s. 6d. net.

The writer has kept one aim-" to guide the inexperienced along the main paths of English literature ”-very steadily in view. The intelligent beginner may read the book with pleasure and without having his memory overburdened with more details than it can carry.

Fiction and Fantasy of German Romance: Selections from the German Romantic Authors, 1790-1830, in English Translation. Edited by Prof. F. E. PIERCE and Prof. C. F. SCHREIBER. (IIS. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.) Some knowledge of the romantic movement in Germany is indispensable to the student of nineteenth-century English literature; and as unfortunately but a small proportion of such students have any adequate knowledge of the German language, a volume of well-selected and competently introduced translations should be secure of a good reception. There are two general introductions dealing with the origins and characteristics of the romantic literature and its influence in England, and these are followed by specimens on an adequate scale of the romantic short story, the romantic drama, and the romantic lyric.

The Silverago Squatters and The Amateur Emigrant. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and The Story of a Lie. By R. L. STEVENSON. Tanglewood Tales. By NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. The Tower of London. By W. H. AINSWORTH. (Is. 6d. net each. Nelson.)

Juniors Own Composition Book. By Prof. S. A. LEONARD and EFFIE B. MCFADDEN. (n.p. Chicago and New York: Rand McNally.)

English Studies: Reading, Speaking, Writing for Senior Classes.
By W. J. GLOVER. Senior Book II. (Paper, Is. 3d. Cloth,
Is. 5d. Cassell.)

Realms of Gold: Graded Infant Story Readers. By Miss A. C.
EVANS. Primer 1. (9d. Cassell.)
Thomas Becket: From

By DEAN STANLEY. (IS. Nelson.)

Historical Memorials of Canterbury."
Arranged by Dr. F. W. TICKNER.

Pip's First Expectations: Taken from the Novel Entitled "Great
Expectations." By CHARLES DICKENS. Arranged by EDITH
M. GREEN. (Is. Nelson.)

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A Knight of the East: From the Novel Entitled Sarchedon." By G. J. WHYTE-MELVILLE. Arranged by SUSAN CUNNINGTON. (Is. Nelson.)

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'The Age of

Trojans, Greeks and Romans: Reprinted from
Fable." By T. BULFINCH. (IS. Nelson.)
A Race for Freedom: Taken from the Story Entitled Uncle
Tom's Cabin." By HARRIET B. STOWE. (1s. Nelson.)
Pattern Prose. Part I: A Little Book of Slow Reading and
Careful Thinking. By R. WILSON. (Is. 6d. Nelson.)
Twentieth-Century Literature: The Age of Interrogation, 1901-
1925. By A. C. WARD. (5s. net. Methuen.)

Ability Exercises in English for Junior Scholarships. By A. C. S.
ASHMORE. (Cloth, Is. 3d. Manilla, Is. Russell.)
English for Interest. By B. R. GIBBS. (1s. 6d. Russell.)
Prose Selections from Matthew Arnold. Edited by E. T. CAM-
PAGNAC. (IS. 9d. Macmillan.)

Test Examinations in English. Arranged by W. T. WILLIAMS
and G. H. VALLINS. (IS. 3d. Methuen.)
Adventures on the Amazon.

Glasgow Holmes.)

By D. ENGLISH. (IS. 4d. Bell.

A Second Dickens Book : Scenes from the Works of Charles Dickens. Edited by J. COMPTON. (2s. 6d. Bell. Glasgow : Holmes.)

The New Beacon Readers. Introductory Book. (9d.) Supplementary Book One. (10d.) By M. E. SULLIVAN and P. M. Cox. Supplementary Book Two. (1s.) By R. DILLINGHAM. New Beacon Reading Pictures. (Set of 6, 3s. Ginn.) Constructive Hints on the Earliest Stages of Teaching Reading. By E. H. GRASSAM and R. D. MORSS. (Is. Ginn.) (Continued on page 466)

Contemporary East-Anglian Poetry. (5s. net. Fowler Wright.)

This is one of the interesting series of county anthologies prepared by the Empire Poetry League. The poems are of

varying merit, but they all bear witness to a love of poetic expression and to that continuance of practice in the art which is essential if we are to live up to the traditions of the past or to strike a new note in the poetry of the future. Some of the contributors, such as Dr. Cloudesley Brereton and Mr. C. H. Lay, are well known through their contributions to literary and other journals.

A History of Restoration Drama, 1660-1700. By A. NICOLL. Second Edition. (16s. net. Cambridge University Press.) It is happily superfluous to direct attention to the merits of what has taken rank as the standard history of the subject. The fact that a second edition has been called for in less than five years is the best testimony to the position it has won. Besides making corrections, Dr. Nicoll has added notes which keep the history abreast of the latest researches.

Nine Plays of Shakespeare: Midsummer Night's Dream, Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Tempest, Richard II, Henry V, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Macbeth. With Introduction, Prefaces, and Brief Notes. (3s. 6d. Clarendon Press.) This compact and attractive volume contains nine of the plays of Shakespeare which are most commonly read in schools. The collection is preceded by a brief biography, an account of the chronology of the plays, and a section dealing with their language written by Mr. C. T. Onions. Each play has a separate introduction and notes based on those given in Prof. Gordon's edition. The notes themselves are limited to those essential for the understanding of the passages to which they relate, and they appear, without unnecessarily obtruding themselves, on the same pages as these. The price is astonishingly moderate and provokes comparison with that for which separate plays may be obtained, and the book is one which will be treasured long after school days are over.

Episodes from the Ascent of the Matterhorn. By E. WHYMPER. (Is. 6d. Harrap.)

The adventurous will revel in this abridgement, with the accounts given by the author of his many attempts to climb the great mountain and his ultimate success.

Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch devotes part of his Introduction to a statement of the critical principles to which appeal is made throughout the plays of this series in settling contested points of authenticity, date, or origin, and denounces the “old fallacy of inventing an unknown collaborator to serve as a whipping-boy for all Shakespeare's sins." In discussing the sources of the present play he propounds five queries, merely commenting upon them, without himself offering a solution.

The Bird that is Blue: A Study of Maeterlinck's Two Fairy Plays. By Florence G. FIDLER. (5s. Selwyn & Blount.) The Socrates Booklets. XVIII. Francis Beaumont. The Knight of the Burning Pestle. Edited by M. J. SARGEAUNT. XIX. Alice Meynell. Selected Poems and Prose. Edited by Prof. A. Cock. XX. J. B. Priestley. Selected Essays. Edited by G. A. SHELDON. (Paper, Is. each. Cloth, Is. 3d. each. Black.) The Two Talismans: A Comedy in One Act. By G. Calderon. (IS. net. Sidgwick & Jackson.)

Words and Poetry. By G. H. W. RYLANDS. (10s. 6d. net. The Hogarth Press.)

Shakespeare's As You Like It, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The
Tempest. Retold by S. DAVIS. (Is. each. Bell. Glasgow:
Holmes.)

German Ballads and Narrative Poems. Compiled and Annotated
by Dr. P. VRIJDAGHS and W. RIPMAN. (2s. 3d. Dent.)
The Problems of Hamlet. By G. F. BRADBY. (Is. 6d. net. Oxford
University Press.)

Shakespeare's King Henry IV. Part II. Edited by J. HAMPDEN. (IS. 9d. Nelson.)

Poetry in School. By Dr. J. H. JAGGER. (6s. net. University of London Press.)

The Schools of England: A Study in Renaissance. Edited by Prof. J. D. WILSON. (18s. net. Sidgwick & Jackson.) This book is of a kind to which a reviewer could not possibly do justice, unless he were allowed unlimited space. It is described in the title-page as a study in renaissance. In point of fact it consists of seventeen separate and distinct studies-one of a general character, three on primary education, five on secondary, two on training-colleges, three on universities and adult education, and three on education in the fighting services. The editor quite logically classifies preparatory schools with public elementary schools, Borstal schools with public schools, and W.E.A. classes with universities. The chapters on secondary education, to which Mr. Cholmeley, Dr. Cyril Norwood, Dr. Dorothy Brock, and Mr. Salter Davies are contributors, strike us as easily the best. The general editor, whose introductory remarks are most excellent, evidently found difficulty in getting his team to preserve a sense of proportion. Thirty pages are devoted to preparatory schools with their few thousand pupils, twenty to the vast public elementary school system, and thirteen to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. An English reader who knows the lie of the land will be edified and entertained by a perusal of this book, but we are unable to certify that a foreign inquirer would get a really good idea of English education by reading these diversified chapters.

The Technique of Controversy: Principles of Dynamic Logic. By B. B. BOGOSLOVSKY. (12s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.) People who included logic in their university studies usually, and pardonably, look back upon their efforts as perhaps good mental discipline, but as having led nowhere. The remoteness of formal logic from life led a distinguished thinker to say that he found it a very difficult subject to teach without loss of selfrespect. This is the position boldly faced by the author of "The Technique of Controversy." The old logic, he says, is based upon the law that "A is either B or non-B," whereas it commonly happens in actual life that A is both B and non-B. We need a new logic that shall be dynamic," in place of the old which is "static." The new logic will emphasize "continuity as contrasted with water-tight compartments; relativity and interrelation as opposed to absolute, independent, and eternal verities; pluralism of conceivable possibilities in place of the

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exclusive dogmatic assertion of a certain possibility as the only one conceivable." Space does not permit us to enlarge upon this thesis. We can only say that, in comparison with the orthodox treatise on logic, this book makes really profitable and even fascinating reading. It is fresh and stimulating, and is in every respect worthy of a place in the important series to which it belongs.

The Approach to Teaching. By H. WARD and F. RoscoE. (5s. net. Bell.)

The authors of this book give fair and just warning that they have not attempted to expound a theory of education, but simply to provide the beginner in teaching with such practical help as an experienced craftsman in any art can give the tyro. Besides chapters on discipline and on teaching in general, there are also chapters on the teaching of the main subjects of an elementary curriculum. The book reminds us of the manuals of method produced by masters of method in training colleges a generation ago, but it has the advantages of being better written, more stimulating, and of course more up to date. Such a book has its distinctive functions, and will be found useful in the first year of the training college course, and by the untrained teacher. Harvard Bulletins in Education. The Effect of the World War on

European Education, with Special Attention to Germany. By F. KELLERMANN. (4s. 6d. net. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. London: Oxford University Press.) The National Society of College Teachers of Education. Studies in Education. Yearbook XVI. Consisting of Papers by F. J. KELLY, F. P. O'BRIEN, Q. A. W. ROHRBACK, S. L. PRESSEY, H. P. HAMMOND, W. E. LESSENGER, S. A. Courtis, D. WAPLES, C. W. Good. Presented at the Boston Meeting. Edited by W. S. MONROE. (5s. net. University of Chicago Press. London: Cambridge University Press.) Your Schoolboy Son and his Secondary Education. GIBBON. (2s. 6d. net. Heath Cranton.) Education Through Manual Activities. By ANNA M. WIECKING. (8s. 6d. net. Ginn.)

By A. M.

Education for Tolerance. By J. E. J. FANSHAWE. (2s. 6d. net. New York: Independent Education. London: Simpkin, Marshall.)

(Continued on page 471)

Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan. Edited by G. H. HARDY, P. B. SESHU AIYAR, and B. M. WILSON. (30s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

Ramanujan died in 1920 at the age of 33. A member of a Brahmin family in poor and humble circumstances, without influence and, until his abilities became known to those able to help, scarcely earning enough to keep himself alive, he achieved the distinction of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, the first Indian on whom this honour was conferred. At the age of 16 his genius was awakened by a happy chance which introduced him to Carr's "Synopsis of Pure Mathematics," and from that time onwards he dreamed his mathematical dreams, and began to fill note-books with his researches. In 1910 he came into contact with Mr. Ramaswami Aiyar, the founder of the Indian Mathematical Society, and in 1913 was introduced to Prof. Hardy who made arrangements by which he was enabled to come to England in 1914. Here he was admitted into Trinity College and found at last that opportunity for entire concentration on his work of mathematical research which his circumstances had hitherto denied. Such, in brief, is the history of this remarkable man. In Prof. Hardy's opinion-and there is none more competent to judge-Ramanujan can be compared only with Euler or Jacobi in his insight into algebraic formulae or the transformations of infinite series. The present handsome volume contains, in addition to a biographical notice by Messrs. Sheshu Aiyar and Ramuchandra Rao and a critical estimate of the value of Ramanujan's work by Prof. Hardy, everything which has been published under his name, either alone or in collaboration. In time to come India will be proud of its brilliant son, and will appreciate the timely help which enabled his genius to blossom, though for too short a time. Invariants of Quadratic Differential Forms. By Prof. O. VEBLen. (6s. 6d. net. Cambridge University Press.)

The original tract bearing this title was written by J. E. Wright some twenty years ago. In the intervening period the development of the theory of relativity has greatly changed the way of regarding the subject, and hence Veblen has deemed it desirable to write an entirely new tract, setting forth the points which are important for the applications, as fully as the space at his disposal would permit. The tract appeals equally

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to the pure mathematician and to the mathematical physicist, and throws fresh light on the problems which have been so brilliantly discussed by Ricci, Einstein, Eddington, and Weyl. Classified Problems in Mathematics: Being Graded and Classified Test Papers in Arithmetic and Algebra for Matriculation Students. By L. HERMAN. (3s. Sidgwick & Jackson.) We are amazed to find a volume published in 1928 containing questions such as Express as a fraction in its simplest form +0.004261796-0.20867 +10.' The Mathematical Association has laboured in vain if this sort of thing is still to be inflicted upon students. We cannot believe that any sound educational purpose is served by this complicated juggling with numbers, and no self-respecting examining body would include such questions in their papers. The above is by no means an isolated instance; there is some useful material in the book, but teachers may well be shy of digging in a quarry where such unprofitable rocks are to be found.

Thermodynamics Applied to Engineering. By A. F. MACCONOCHIE. (12s. 6d. net. Longmans.)

This is essentially a student's book. It aims at presenting the principles of engineering thermodynamics in the simplest manner, and illustrates them by applications in various fields of modern engineering practice. The value of the book is considerably increased by the collection of examples, some fully worked and others for practice, and there are, in addition, tables of properties of steam, ammonia, mercury, and carbon dioxide, together with Mollier Charts in the tuck of cover. By an oversight the meanings of some of the symbols employed such as (entropy) and J (Joule's equivalent) are not explained. The Book-Keeping Student's Guide. Edited by V. RUMMERY. No. I. Questions and Answers to the Elementary, Intermediate, and Final Examinations of the Institute of BookKeepers, December, 1927. (6d. Effingham Wilson.) Mathematical Analysis. Higher Course. By Prof. F. L. Griffin. (8s. 6d. Harrap.)

By

Junior Geometry. By A. E. TWEEDY. (2s. 3d. Dent.)
Pitman's Mechanical Tests in Common-Sense Arithmetic.
F. F. POTTER. (Books V, VI, VII, 5d. each. Book Va, 6d.
Pitman.)

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(Is. 6d. net. each. Oxford University Press.)

Books I and II

A Study of Mozart's Last Three Symphonies. By A. E. F.
DICKINSON. (Is. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)
The Musical Pilgrim." Edited by Dr. A. SOMERVELL.
Tchaikovsky; Orchestral Works. By E. BLOW.
Schumann's Pianoforte Works. By J. A. FULLER-MAITLAND.
(Is. 6d. net each. Oxford University Press.)

Readers should write for the complete list, as it is impossible to keep pace with the remarkable publication list of the O.U.P. Rudiments of Music. By Prof. C. H. KITSON. (2s. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)

There is nothing new to be said about the rudiments of music, and Prof. Kitson has not tried to be clever in writing this book. He has certainly succeeded in being helpful, and in a simple manner has explained all that comes within the common practical experience of students, for this little book ranks as one of the best of its kind.

Twenty-Five New Figure and Character Dances, with Music. By ELIZABETH T. BELL. (15s. net. Harrap.)

If the mere perusal of a book such as this can bring the scent of primroses and violets, the sound of laughing happy voices, and the exhilaration of dancing movements to one's senses, what must the realization of such moments be when lived with

the children on some summer's day, happily snatched from the "weather forecast" which proves to be wrong! One is indeed glad to know that the success of the first book by the same author (fifty figure and character dances) has emboldened her to further efforts. The careful instructions as to movements, the excellent choice of musical examples, and the delightful photographs of the children (excellently reproduced) makes this a book which no teacher of out-of-door dancing can afford to be without. The Oxford Library of Standard Songs. Edited by STEUART WILSON. (IS. 6d. each. Oxford University Press.) Here is a notable collection of songs, some with revised and some with new accompaniments. Already some thirty songs have made their appearance, and the editor of the series has made a judicious selection which should appeal to a wide public. To those of us who have known and loved many of these old tunes for years, the straightforward and musicianly harmonizations of Mr. Gordon Jacob make an immediate appeal, and his accompaniments to such songs as The Londonderry Air," Golden Slumbers," 'Pull Away Home," and "Widdicombe

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Fair leave little to be desired. In the two well-known songs, "Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes" and "Oft in the Stilly Night," Mr. Ronald Biggs, who is responsible for the arrangements, falls into the usual error of trying to avoid the obvious harmony, and has yet to learn the use of "economy of material." For the numbers for which the editor of the series is himself responsible, one can be quite sure of accurate texts, and in addition some excellent translations where these are necessary. It remains only to be said that this series of songs represents some of the best printing we have yet seen from the O.U.P.that is for sheet music-and two-shilling songs will have some difficulty in competing with such a well printed and well edited edition. We give a few titles. The full list may be obtained from the O.U.P. "Adelaide (Beethoven), Where'er you walk (Handel), "I'll Sail Upon the Dog Star" (Purcell), "Where the Bee Sucks" (Arne)," Nymphs and Shepherds" and Evening Hymn" (Purcell).

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Operatic Translations. By H. F. V. LITtle.

(2s. each. Gramophone (Publications) Ltd.)

Vols. I and II.