Geology Manual: An Instruction and Laboratory Manual for Beginners. By Prof. R. M. FIELD. Part I. Physical Geology. (12s. 6d. net. Princeton University Press. London: Oxford University Press.)

This manual is planned so that a teacher of geology on the lines of its author may save time. Instead of listening to a lecture and taking notes, the student can go to a cabinet of minerals or rocks and investigate the specimens which are briefly described in this book. There is an account of the common terms used in structural geology, and figures to explain them, and a series of sections is given for the student to describe. Finally, several chapters are devoted to study of maps. The regions described are American. No doubt this book may be useful in its own country.

Local Geology: A Guide to Sources of Information on the Geology of the British Isles. By Dr. A. MORLEY DAVIES. Second Edition, Revised. (Is. net. Murby.)

This book sets out to be helpful to teachers of physical geology by giving them information as to where they can find published information about the country in which they are situated. This it does by first giving a brief account of the ordnance survey maps and secondly by giving a list of papers which should be consulted by any one wishing to understand a district from the geological and geographical points of view. The information in the book is likely to be useful to any enthusiastic teacher who wants to find out what has been written about the area in which his school is situated.

The Elements of Economic Geology. By Prof. J. W. GREGORY. (10s. net. Methuen.)

This is a most useful book both for the geological student and for those who take a general interest in geological science. The chapter on the formation of mineral deposits gives a very clear account of various theories of the past, and of the idea that magmatic waters or those that come from within the earth have played a fundamental part in bringing up metallic ores from the deep seated ore-zone, which lies below the lithosphere. Succeeding chapters deal in more or less detail with the deposits of the different metals that man uses, and the author is careful to give sections through many places where the ores are found. After the metallic ores, minerals such as asbestos and mica are discussed, and the formation of clays, such as china clay and Fuller's earth, is explained. Building stones, road metal, and the soil are described, and then the author has interesting chapters on water supply and coast defence, and finally discusses coal and oil. It will thus be seen that the book deals with very varied matter, all of it of great importance, and all of it of interest to very many. It is characterized by clarity of expression and careful arrangement which make it really useful and enjoyable. Qualitative Analysis. By Dr. W. WARDLAW and F. W. PINKARD. (3s. 6d. Longmans.)

This is undoubtedly the best introduction to qualitative analysis that has been published for some years. The authors not only know their subject with unusual thoroughness, but are clearly fully conversant with the difficulties experienced by the novice. The book may be warmly recommended for use in schools and elementary classes at the university. Dr. Wardlaw and Mr. Pinkard have explained the reactions and equations in the ordinary way, and not from the standpoint of the Ionic Theory, since many students will be using the book before they are satisfactorily acquainted with that theory.

Elementary Practical Physical Chemistry. By F. SHERWOOD TAYLOR. (3s. 6d. Clarendon Press.)

In a recent issue we reviewed Dr. J. F. Spencer's " Elementary Practical Chemistry for Schools." Mr. Taylor's book is on somewhat similar lines, but is not quite so full. The portents are numerous that physical chemistry is going to be taught much more extensively in schools in the near future, and the provision of suitable practical text-books is a welcome sign that teachers have an eye to progress. The present book is a good sound piece of work, and is produced with the finished skill typical of the Oxford Press. We wish it success.

Wireless Principles and Practice. By Dr. L. S. PALMER. (18s. net. Longmans.)

On the popular side the number of books dealing with wireless telegraphy and telephony is legion, but there has long been a real need for a treatise on the scientific aspects of the subject which would give in compact form a reliable account of the fundamental principles. Dr. Palmer, who has had the necessary experience for the task under the Admiralty and in the College of Technology of the Victoria University of Manchester, has produced an admirable volume which should appeal to the

enthusiastic wireless amateur as well as to the electrical engineer and the college student for whom it is designed. Although the book contains sufficient mathematical treatment for the serious student, the important formulæ are accompanied by interpretations and deductions which render it easier for the amateur to understand the applications. The author devotes the first hundred pages to a discussion of high-frequency currents and wireless circuits of all kinds; then follows an account of the wireless valve and various methods of producing alternating currents of the required frequency. The three-electrode valve oscillator has a chapter to itself, in which is given an account of the theory and also of various practical considerations in the use of such oscillators. The chapter on electromagnetic theory is of special interest, as it includes a description of research on the propagation of wireless waves. The problems of detection and amplification are next considered, and the book concludes with chapters on wireless telephony and directional wireless. We have no hesitation in recommending this volume to the earnest student.

General Science (Mainly Chemistry and Biology.) By E. J. HOLMYARD. (4s. Dent.)

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All who have seen the earlier volume "Science," issued recently by Messrs. Dent & Sons, Ltd., and written by Mr. Holmyard, will welcome this further effort. Mr. Holmyard is peculiarly happy in the task of lending interest and romance to almost any topic to which he addresses himself, and "General Science comes fully up to the high standard we invariably expect from him. The book presupposes an elementary knowledge of the subject, but is self-contained in the sense that all essential points are recapitulated. The intelligent beginner may therefore handle the book with confidence. The ground covered is intended as a second year's more intensive study of chemistry and biology, and the themes are developed through the medium of discussions of a number of familiar substances of every-day life, e.g. gunpowder, sulphur, salt, nitre, sugar, alcohol, coal-tar, and coal gas, and the coinage metals. The whole work is "live" and full of reality, and historical detail is, as we should naturally expect from its author, interestingly interwoven into the treatment. The work is well illustrated and produced, and can be thoroughly recommended. There are no questions or examples,

however.

Electricity. By C. J. L. WAGSTAFF. Second Edition. (5s. Cambridge University Press.)

The first edition of this text-book was published in 1914; and the present edition does not indicate alterations or additions of any considerable importance. Where space has permitted, one or more additional examples have been added at the ends of chapters.

Heredity. By Dr. F. A. E. CREW. An Introduction to Botany. By Prof. S. MANGHAM. (6d. each. Benn.)

Field and Laboratory Manual in Biology. By Prof. A. C. KINSEY. (4s. 6d. net. Lippincott.)

What Botany Really Means: Twelve Plain Chapters on the Modern Study of Plants. By Prof. J. SMALL. (5s. net. Allen & Unwin.)

Introductory Science for Botany Students. By K. E. MARIS. (3s. Murray.)

Hermes, or the Future of Chemistry. By T. W. JONES. (2s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

The Composition of Water. By Prof. J. R. PARTINGTON. (Is. 6d.
Bell.)
The New Quantum Mechanics. (16s. net.) The Principles of
Thermodynamics. (7s. 6d. net.) By G. BIRTWISTLE.
(Cambridge University Press.)

Tin and the Tin Industry: The Metal History, Character, and Application. By A. H. MUNDEY. Second Edition. (3s. net. Pitman.)

The Basis of Sensation: The Action of the Sense Organs. By Dr. E. D. ADRIAN. (7s. 6d. net. Christophers.)

A Debate on the Theory of Relativity. Favouring the Theory : Prof. R. D. CARMICHAEL and Prof. H. T. DAVIS. Opposing the Theory: Prof. W. D. MACMILLAN and Prof. M. E. HUFFORD. (IOS. net. Open Court Publishing Co.) Meteorology. By D. BRUNT. (2s. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)

Geological Map of Europe. Executed under the Direction of J. PRESTWICH by W. TOPLEY and J. G. GOODCHILD. (2s. 6d. Oxford University Press.)

Nature Study for Beginners. By D. PATTON. (2s. 6d. Clarendon Press.)

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Lares et Penates, or The Home of the Future. By H. J. BIRNSTINGL. (2s. 6d. net. Kegan Paul.)

By

The Wonder-Star. ELEANOR FARJEON. (6d. each. Oxford University Press.) The Oxford Library of Standard Songs. Edited by S. WILSON. Where the Bee Sucks. Words by SHAKESPEARE. Music by Dr. ARNE. To be Near My Beloved (Star Vicino). By SALVATOR ROSA. Translated by S. WILSON. Oft in the Stilly Night: Irish Traditional Air. Words by THOMAS MOORE. Arranged by R. BIGGS. I'll Sail Upon the Dog Star. By HENRY PURCELL. Arranged by G. JACOB. Widdicombe Fair. Arranged by G. JACOB. Drink to Me Only. Words by BEN JONSON. Arranged by R. BIGGS. Where'er you Walk: Aria from "Semele." Words by CONGREVE. Music by G. F. HANDEL. The Harp that Once. Words by THOMAS MOORE. Irish Tune arranged by H. DAVIDSON. Tell Me, Fair Ladies: From the "Marriage of Figaro." By MOZART. Translation by E. J. Dent. Pull Away Home Old Highland Rowing Tune. Words by S. WILSON. Melody Arranged by G. JACOB. Evening Hymn (On a Ground). Words by W. FULLER. Music by H. PURCELL. Arranged by W. G. WHITTAKER. The Lass with the Delicate Air. By M. ARNE. Arranged by G. JACOB. The Londonderry Air: Irish Melody. Arranged by G. JACOB. Golden Slumbers Kiss Your Eyes. Arranged by G. JACOB. Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring. By J. S. BACH. Arranged by G. JACOB. (Is. 6d. each. Oxford University Press.) "The Musical Pilgrim." Edited by Dr. A. SOMErvell. Tschaikovsky: Orchestral Works. By E. BLOM. Schumann's Pianoforte Works. By J. A. FULLER-MAITLAND. (IS. 6d. net each. Oxford University Press.)

Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians.

Third Edition.

Edited by H. C. Colles. In Five Volumes. Vol. V. (30s.
net. Macmillan.)

Mozart's String Quartets. By T. F. DUNHILL. Books I and II.
(Is. 6d. net each. Oxford University Press.)
Essentials in Music Study for Examinations. By the Rev. E. H.
MELLING. (Is. 6d. net. Reeves.)

Nelson's Music Practice. Junior Pupil's Book. (Is. 6d. Nelson.)
Twenty-Five New Figure and Character Dances, with Music. By

ELIZABETH T. BELL. (15s. net. Harrap.)

A Study of Mozart's Last Three Symphonies. By A. E. F.
DICKINSON. (Is. 6d. net. Oxford University Press.)
The Theory of Music. By Prof. G. COOKE. (6d. Benn.)

Amusing and provocative, like the rest of the series, this volume discusses the forces at work to-day which influence the building and equipment of the home. It considers such matters as labour-saving devices, the servant problem, and the standardized house. The author decides that homes in the upper classes are becoming smaller and more efficient, in the middle class, shoddier and more vulgar, and in the working classes healthier and more spacious.

Juvenile

Borough of Leyton Local Education Authority. Employment Committee. Third Annual Report, Year Ended 31st July, 1927.

Vacations in Canada: a Handbook of Information for Tourists and Sportsmen. (Canada: Dept. of the Interior.) Schools, 1928: The Most Complete Directory of Schools in Great Britain, Arranged in Order of Counties, with a Supplementary List of Schools on the Continent Receiving English and American Pupils. (2s. 6d. net. Truman & Knightley.) Union of Welsh Teachers. A Memorandum on the Teaching of Welsh, with Particular Reference to the Problem as it presents itself in East Glamorgan.

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Twenty-second Annual Report of the President and of the Treasurer. (New York City.)

University of Leeds. Twenty-third Report, 1926–27.

Board of Education. Subject Lists of Books and Papers in the Board of Education Library. No. 3. Psychological Tests. (I net. H.M.S.O.)

Froebel Society and Junior Schools Association. Fifty-Third Annual Report, 1927.

The Commonwealth Fund.

1926-1927. (New York.)

Ninth Annual Report for the Year

The Incorporated Accountants' Year Book: Comprising List of Members, Articles, and Bye-Laws. (3s. Society of Incorporated Accountants.)

Poetry and Government: a Study of the Power of Vergil. By
Prof. R. S. CONWAY. (IS. net.
Manchester University
Press. Longmans.)

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The Practical Education of Women for Rural Life: Being the Report of the SubCommittee of the Inter-Departmental Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and the Board of Education. (6d. net. H.M.S.O.)

The Education Question To-day: Being the Annual Report of the National Education Association Presented to the Annual Meeting on Tuesday, January 24, 1928. (3d.)

SWITZERLAND

In the hope of encouraging a closer and more fruitful cooperation between home and school, quesThe Parent tionnaires for parents are in use in many Examined. countries. The Educateur prints the form about to be adopted in Geneva. The forty questions fall roughly into four categories-health, tastes, habits, and character. Of character no fewer than twelve types are suggested: gentle, timid, reserved, generous, teasing, scoffing, revengeful, quicktempered, brutal, violent, impressionable. Very searching are some of the questions as to the attitude of the parents to homelessons and punishments, and as to their share in the child's recreations-cinema, theatre, &c. Such examination papers, if taken seriously to heart, should certainly serve to educate many parents-and some teachers. And the educated parent must always remain the educated teacher's best ally.

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA

The Sixth International Congress on Drawing is to be held in Prague from July 30 to August 5, under the Drawing and the patronage of the President of the Republic Child. and the Minister of Education. The two chief subjects for discussion are (a) The relation of drawing to handwork in general, and (b) Colour-its importance in the school and in life. The teaching of drawing will be considered in all its aspects, and a special bibliography is being prepared of all books dealing with the subject that have appeared anywhere in the world since 1900. Information from the Secretariat of the Congress, Prague.

Teachers' Pensions.

UNITED STATES

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The twenty-second Annual Report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (now of age) evolugives some interesting details of its tion." The purpose of Mr. Carnegie's original endowment was to provide free gifts to old and honoured teachers no longer fit for work .. without any co-operation on the part of the teachers themselves." But in his deed of gift he had the foresight to leave his trustees free to apply the revenue in a different manner should coming days bring such changes as to render this necessary." It was a favourite saying with him that no man of vision will seek to tie his endowment to a fixed cause." The coming days did indeed quickly bring their changes, and Mr. Carnegie himself was soon beginning to have

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grave doubts of the wisdom of free, non-contributory pensions (leading too often to a demoralizing scramble') and an increasing appreciation of the need for detailed study of this and other questions relating to the advancement of the teaching profession." But the working out of a satisfactory plan for retiring allowances involved a long period of study and investigation, including an inquiry into the pension experience of the whole world, especially of England and Germany. Finally, only eight years ago, the plan was adopted of setting up policies of life insurance and old age annuities through the Teachers' Insurance and Annuity Association—“ a piece of social machinery representing both the expert judgment and the seasoned experience of the world. and an agency through which a teacher in any college or university in the United States or Canada or Newfoundland, without regard to (Continued on page 276)

restrictions as to migration, or sectarian control, or State support, and either with or without the co-operation of his college, can, under conditions of the highest economy and with the greatest possible security, provide for himself a living in old age by small monthly or annual payments."

Carnegie Bulletins

Before his death, Mr. Carnegie had created, under the same trustees, a second fund to be devoted to the work of educational inquiry. The bulletins issued last year by this branch of the Foundation were: No. 18-on "Games and Sports in British Schools and Universities; No. 19-on " Dental Education in the United States and in Canada (an exhaustive study which has occupied five years); and No. 20-on The Quality of the Educational Process in the United States and in Europe." This admirable Foundation is doing much for education. Will it some day, perhaps, devote a Bulletin to co-education-and its corollary, education in sex.

The Forward View.

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INDIA

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An Indian correspondent sends us an abridged report of a striking address by Prof. Radhakrishnan, at the first Convocation of the new Andhra University. The professor is a "constructive conservative," and in these days of "Mother India" and the Simon Commission (and all their reverberations), some of his opinions are of special interest. Nations have a history (he says) as well as a geography. The University must stimulate an interest in the sources of our civilization-our art and thought, our language and literature, our philosophy and religion. . But the ancient moulds, however beautiful, must go when outworn. . . We must follow truth, and fear no change. Our philosophy tells us that permanence belongs to eternity India cannot return to the walled cities of the Middle Ages while humanity is everywhere marching on. . . But our response to the new forces is confused. A passionate loyalty to everything Indian is haunted by deep and secret misgivings. Conservatives adopt an attitude of forlorn resistance and cling tenaciously to old ideas. Radicals ignore the past. But the outstanding characteristic of Indian culture has always been its elasticity and ability to respond to new needs. It has never been too proud to learn from others. . . . In this spirit alone can we face the future with confidence." In conclusion the professor pleads for effective science and effective English not only the language of international co-operation, but one of the chief factors in the making of the Indian nation."

alone.

CEYLON

The latest Report of the Director of Education (November, 1927) is in many ways an inspiring document. Education under With nine races, nine varieties of religion, and Difficulties. about twenty types of schools, education must present a problem of extraordinary complexity. But it is.

being tackled, we judge, with wisdom and determination, and with increasing success. The grand total of schools of all types in existence last year was nearly five thousand, with some five hundred thousand pupils (one-third girls)-scarcely more than 55 per cent, however, of the population of school-going age. There is much, then, still to be done, especially in the direction of effective" compulsion." There are, of course, training colleges, agricultural, technical, and industrial schools, and schools for the deaf, blind, and defective. There is also one reformatory. Something less usual is a training colony under the Education Department, in which nearly a hundred men and women are equipped either as teachers in agricultural schools, or (apparently) as "evangelists." We note (1) that, in the hope of reducing the high infant mortality, an elementary course in midwifery is about to be added to the curriculum; (2) that "the training of men and women side by side still continues to be an unmixed blessing"; and (3) that a new Vice-Principal has lately taken up the duties and joys" of his office. The medical inspection of schools is systematically carried out; but "not every school is correctly supplied with sanitary conveniences." Much prejudice also still exists among parents in favour of native traditional methods of treatment, and especially against toothextraction, which is popularly supposed to cause blindness. A Government Model School" reports in some detail an experiment with the project method. Signs are already evident (it is said) of good effect on pupils, school, teachers, and village. Chief among these signs are cheerful co-operation, improved hygienic habits, the abolition of corporal punishment, and a changed attitude of staff towards work and pupils.”

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East Looks West.

JAPAN

In a pamphlet on the work of the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, published by the Japanese Association for the League of Nations, stress is laid on the importance of the Institute for Japan, whose intellectual life, owing to the difficulty of the language, is scarcely known (it is said) to Western races. Ours, however, is not unknown to them-if we may trust a story that reaches us from America. Some fifty students at a Y.M.C.A. night-school in Tokio (not all Christians) were asked to name (by ballot) the eight greatest characters in history. The resulting list (much abridged) was as follows: Jesus Christ and George Washington first, with 21 votes each; Napoleon, 18; Buddha, 15; Confucius and Edison, 13; Socrates and Newton, 7; Columbus and Shakespeare, 6; Nelson and Mussolini, 5; Florence Nightingale, R. L. Stevenson, Marconi, President Wilson, and Lenin, 4; Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great, Julius Cæsar, St. Paul, Queen Victoria, and General Bramwell Booth, 3; Michael Angelo, Galileo, Luther, Milton, Goethe, Emerson, Darwin, Einstein, and Henry Ford, 2; Moses, Cleopatra, Rousseau, Beethoven, Bismarck, Pasteur, Tennyson, Gladstone, Tagore, Lloyd George, and H. G. Wells, 1. But where is our own G. B. S. ?

EXCHANGE AND TUITION VISITS.-A scheme has been organized by the National Union of Students (3 Endsleigh Street, London, W.C. 1) for Tuition Visits' (au pair). Under these arrangements, families anxious to improve their knowledge of a foreign language, or wishing for domestic assistance, are put into touch with selected foreign students who are willing to give their services free in return for their keep. The National Union has a number of excellent applications and is anxious to make the scheme better known in this country.

in Good Government,' by Capt. Ellis; and “ Speed, Strength, and Endurance in Sport," by Prof. Hill. The pamphlets are published at one penny each.

"THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE PRIZE "COMPETITION, 1928.— The subject selected this year for the competition is:"The History and Development of the Naval Forces of the Empire with special reference to the following considerations: the recent experience of the operations of air and under-water craft, and the utility in the future of line-of-battleships and cruisers.' The competition is open to boys of all the leading public schools throughout the country, and three prizes, as follows, are awarded by the British Empire League for the best essays sent in : First, Twenty Guineas; Second, Ten Guineas; and Third, Five Guineas.

HOLIDAYS AT CHAMPÉRY, SWITZERLAND.-Nature lovers seeking a tonic holiday at a moderate cost, with superb scenery and walks, good food and comfortable surroundings in an up-to-date Swiss Chalet conducted on English home lines will find their requirements met at the Chalet Soldanella, Champéry, Canton Valais, Switzerland. Champéry is situated on the slopes of the famous Dent du Midi at an altitude of 3,500 ft., and with its varied mountain excursions, tennis courts, trout fishing, and

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