some years as a member of the University Court he became Junior Deputy Chancellor and later, on the death of Sir Isambard Owen, Senior Deputy Chancellor, an office which he held for ten years. When the University was reorganized, he became Pro-Chancellor and deputy to the Prince of Wales, who was Chancellor, and whom he installed in that office at a memorable national gathering at Cardiff in 1921. He gave to the problems of the University wide public experience and unflagging devotion, and was particularly concerned, of late years, with the position of the Medical School at Cardiff in the organization of the University-a problem of which, happily, the solution seems to be within sight. During his period of office he admitted about 4,000 candidates to degrees. For five years he was President of the National Museum in Wales, and the growing success of that institution is in no small measure due to his influential personal contacts, his administrative foresight, and his untiring zeal. In particular he was concerned with the linking up of the National Museum with the local county museums throughout Wales-a policy which has resulted in the revival and growing usefulness of the local institutions. He had been equerry and A.D.C. to the King, and was Lord-Lieutenant of Denbighshire. A member of the Welsh Land Commission he was later chairman of the Agricultural Wages Board. It is announced that Mr. G. H. Cowling, M.A., at present Reader in English Language and Literature in the University of Leeds, has been elected to the Chair of English Language and Literature in the University of Melbourne, Australia. It is a remarkable fact that this is the fifth occasion within the last seven years on which a member of the staff of the English Department of Leeds University has been called to occupy a chair at another university. Prof. G. S. Gordon and Prof. J. R. R. Tolkien both left Leeds in order to take up positions at Oxford, the former as Merton Professor of English Literature, and the latter as Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, while Mr. R. S. Knox became Associate Professor of English Language in the University of Toronto, and Mr. H. J. Davis followed him two years later to a similar position in the same University. It is a matter for congratulation that within a University which originated in a movement of a distinctively scientific and technological character there has been developed one of the most distinguished schools now existing for the study of the English language and literature. Mr. Cowling is well known outside the University itself as the author of "A Song of Yorkshire,' A Yorkshire Tyke," and "The Dialect of Hackness." For some years Secretary of the Yorkshire Dialect Society, he has edited the "Transactions" of the Society since Prof. Moorman's death. But he has earned a still wider reputation as a Shakespearean scholar and critic. He is the author of "Music on the Shakespearean Stage," "A Preface to Shakespeare," and of a valuable contribution in the recently-published book " Shakespeare and the Theatre " by members of the Shakespeare Association. Last year he broke new ground with a critical study of Chaucer. A Leeds man by birth and education-he is an old boy of the Leeds Modern School-Mr. Cowling was engaged in commerce before he entered upon an academic career. He graduated at Leeds University in 1913, and was studying in Germany when the War broke out. He was commissioned in the Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regiment, saw service with the 62nd Division in France, and was later a member of the Intelligence Staff. Since 1919 he has been on the academic staff of the University of Leeds, and is familar to West Riding audiences as an Extension Lecturer and as a tutor to the Workers' Educational Association. ONLOOKER. 00000 St. James's Road, Manufacturers of Fittings for SCHOOL, LIBRARY, INSTITUTE, CHURCH & LABORATORY, &c., CHAIRS FOR ALL PURPOSES METAL AND STONE MEMORIALS EXECUTED IN WOOD, PARTITIONING FIXED AND FOLDING Binding Cases FOR "The Journal of Education and School World" 1927 (Jan. to Dec.), 1926, 1925, 1924, 1923, 4s. od. each; 1922, 1921, 1920, 1919, or 1918, 2s. 6d. each; 1917 and previous years, Is. 6d. each. London: Mr. WILLIAM RICE, LUDGATE BROADWAY, E.C. 4 םוווווםווםווםוום A & C. BLACK LTD EUROPEAN AND WORLD HISTORIES Handbook of Suggestions, 1927.-" Some knowledge of ancient history desirable." ANCIENT WORLD STORIES By G. H. REED, M.A. Large Crown 8vo. Illustrated. Price 1s. in paper covers. 1s. 3d. in cloth covers. This small volume aims at revealing a little of the Ancient World to children of about nine years of age, and is intended for class use during the preparatory stage before instruction in the ordinary course of British history has been given. The subject-matter deals not only with famous legends and stories of the great men of old, but with such interesting topics as Early Writing, Greek Art, Greek and Roman Games, a Roman Sea-Fight, &c. Old Testament history is frequently introduced. Extensive use has been made of pictures in the presentation of the lessons, twenty-two full-page and twenty small illustrations being included in the book. ANCIENT WORLD EMPIRES In special Selected and edited by G. H. REED, M.A. detachable file portfolio. Price 1s. 6d. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES are provided. EXPLANATORY NOTES draw attention to the chief features of the pictures and add interesting information relative to them. AN INTRODUCTION TO WORLD HISTORY By M. W. KEATINGE, M.A., D.Sc., and N. L. FRAZER, M.A. Price 4s. 6d. A suitable text-book for candidates offering "General History." This volume provides a corrective to the study of history in "prescribed periods." It gives a continuous narrative into which the subjects which are studied intensively can be fitted. The book contains maps, illustrations, and a short bibliography. It is up-to-date, and includes the Great War. CITIES AND THEIR STORIES An Introduction to the Study of European History By EILEEN POWER, M.A., D.Litt., and RHODA POWER. Crown 8vo. Cloth. With 12 illustrations and 5 maps. Price 3s. 6d. This book tells in simple language the story of twelve famous cities from their foundation up to the present day. Each narrative is told round the main historical events in which the city played a part. There is a useful appendix of exercises and questions on each chapter. A SHORT SKETCH OF EUROPEAN From the fall of the Roman Empire to the By H. E. MARSHALL. Large crown 8vo, with maps. Price 5s. This book traces the gradual formation and subsequent development of the various European States, from the confusion created by the barbarian invasion of the Roman Empire to the end of the Reformation period. The events and influences which have had most effect on the general development of Europe are chiefly recorded, and an endeavour has been made to present these principal events in as dramatic a form as possible. THE MAKING OF EUROPE A Geographic Treatment of the Historical Development of Europe By W. H. BARKER, B.Sc., F.R.G.S., and W. REES. Large crown 8vo, cloth, illustrated with about 40 Sketch Maps. Price 4s. 6d. "The authors of this text-book are to be congratulated on the boldness with which they have based their treatment of the historical development of Europe on geography. . . . We commend their work to all teachers, whatever their views or method may be. They will find much that is suggestive and stimulating in the book. The questions at the end of each chapter are an admirable feature of the book. Numerous charts and helpful maps add greatly to the student's pleasure and profit." -Scottish Educational Journal. 4, 5 & 6 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W.1 Correspondence APPRECIATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT I have just read with pleasure the 700th issue of The Journal of Education with the retrospective article on its long and honourable career. Permit me as a retired schoolmistress and constant reader of, and occasional contributor to, The Journal to send my congratulations and grateful recognition. It has been a consolation to me amid many disillusions that one periodical at least has never capitulated to sensation or cheap popularity. I knew and honoured Mr. Francis Storr for many years, and wish you a happy occupancy of his competent chair. SUSAN CUNNINGTON, M.A. (Cantab.) University Women's Club, HEADMASTERS' WIVES When a married man is a candidate for a headmastership, it is very usual for the governing body to make inquiries from the candidate's referees about his wife, and to ask such questions about her as: "Is she a real help-meet to her husband ?”’ The governors of a new school in the Home Counties have recently gone a step further. It was suggested to selected candidates that they should take their wives with them, though they were left free to disregard this, if they thought fit. At the meeting held on December 8, the governors interviewed the candidates and then asked to see the wives of three. One of the questions put to the ladies was Are you willing to take boarders?" " Is this the first step to making the headmastership of a school at which boarders are taken, a joint one for man and wife ? In orphanages and other similar institutions, it is, or used to be, not uncommon for a man and wife "without encumbrance " to be advertized for. Is this the next step? CURIOSITY. SCHOOL-PUPILS AND DEAFNESS Some time ago you were good enough to publish in your columns some simple hearing tests issued by the National College of Teachers of the Deaf, and interest was shown in the matter by teachers all over the country. But we fear that the extent of partial deafness among school children is still greatly underrated, to the serious retardation of the children thus affected, who frequently do not know they are to any extent deaf. These children miss points in a lesson, make silly responses, and gradually become "backward " just for the lack of the little aid which every teacher would give, if he or she realized the cause of the trouble. In a report recently issued of a test of school children in the State of New York, it is stated that 1.5 per cent of the children tested were found to be suffering from some defect in hearing power. If I per cent of the school in this country were similarly affected (and we believe this to be a conservative estimate) we should have over 56,000 children in the elementary schools alone requiring some exceptional treatment to enable them to benefit to the full of the educational advantages to which they are entitled. It is probable that fully half this number, 28,000 to 30,000 need not only front seats in a good light, but also need further aid by training in lip-reading to supplement and render effective their amount of residual hearing power. Detection of partial deafness in early stages may mean a prevention of the progress of the affliction by proper medical attention; it may mean the conservation of native intelligence by preventing it from becoming fogged by intermittent and uncertain hearing; and it will enable public authorities, parents and friends to prepare for and find openings in employment which will not fail if the hearing becomes worse, and so safeguard the industrial efficiency of the individual in after life. (Continued on page 26) HORACE MARSHALL & SON EUROPEAN BIOGRAPHY Period of Renaissance and Reformation. By G. HOME, M.A., late of Newnham College, Cambridge, formerly History Mistress at Clapham High School, and St. Mary's College, Paddington. In Two Parts. Price 28. each. These volumes contain, among other biographies, lives of Louis XI, Isabella of Castile, Columbus, Lorenzo di Medici, Savonarola, Leonardo da Vinci, Erasmus, Colet, Luther, Knox, Loyola, William the Silent, Admiral de Coligny, Queen Elizabeth, Raleigh, Drake. OUTLINES OF EUROPEAN HISTORY Part I. A.D. 312-911. By C. L. THOMSON. 3s. 6d. ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORMERS By George GUEST. B.A. Headmaster of St. Paul's School, Bournemouth. In Two Parts. Now ready. Price 2s. each. These biographies deal either with great historical characters treated especially in connexion with their influence on the social life of their time or with great inventors, economists, and philanthropists. The subjects include among others, Wycliffe, Caxton, Gresham, Law, Jethro Tull, Arkwright, Stephenson, Cobbett, Cobden, Howard, Raikes, Lancaster, Robert Owen, Florence Nightingale. A FIRST HISTORY OF ENGLAND By C. L. THOMSON, F.R.Hist.S. Fully illustrated. A SCHOOL MANUAL OF SHAKESPEARE By C. L. THOMSON. 1s. 3d. Gives information regarding Shakespeare's biography, his metre, tests for the chronology of the plays, various editions, the Elizabethan Theatre, &c. PROSE TEXTS FOR JUNIOR FORMS Edited by C. L. THOMSON The Pilgrim's Progress. Part I. The Pilgrim's Progress. Part II. Legends of Early Scotland. Legends of Early England. Legends of Early Rome. Gulliver's Travels. Robinson Crusoe. Sir Roger de Coverley. Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow. Lives from Plutarch. Stories from Chaucer. 2s. Selections from the Morte D'Arthur. 2s. 6d. The Adventures of Ulysses. By CHARLES LAMB. 1s. 6d. The Adventures of Beowulf. 1s. 9d. Tales from the Faerie Queene. 2s. 6d. Hakluyt's English Voyages. Edited by E. E. SPEIGHT, B.A., F.R.G.S. With LONDON: TEMPLE HOUSE, E.C. 4, and 46 FARRINGDON STREET, E.C. 4 0000000 Here are a few of the latest Harrap Books which will be on view at the following Conferences : The Educational Associations, at University College, Gower Street, London. The Classical Association, at St. Paul's Girls' School, Hammersmith, London. THE BEGINNERS' ANCIENT HISTORY By J. B. NEWMAN, M.A. Illustrated. New Edition, THE BEGINNERS' MODERN HISTORY By J. B. NEWMAN, M.A. Illustrated. New Edition, "It succeeds with admirable simplicity and lucidity in conveying THE BEGINNERS' HISTORY OF THE WORLD By J. B. NEWMAN, M.A. Illustrated. New Edition, WEBSTER'S EUROPEAN HISTORY Revised for English Schools by A. C. W. EDWARDS, Part I. Ancient Times. To the Fall of Rome. 344 pages. Part II. Medieval and Early Modern Times. 478 pages. 5s. Latin and Greek HARRAP'S CONNECTED LATIN READINGS Edited by Alexander DUTHIE, M.A. A new series containing only the most interesting passages of each writer. Each volume contains about 50 pages of Latin text, with notes and vocabulary. 1s. 6d. each. First Volume Ready Readings from Livy: Syphax and Masinissa LATIN LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS By J. C. ROBERTSON, M.A., and A. CARRUTHERS, M.A. Illustrated. With very copious exercises. 410 pages. 3s. 6d. FIRST LATIN LESSONS By C. A. PARSONS, M.A., and C. E. LITTLE, Ph.D. This very attractively produced book is on new and practical lines. It is designed (1) to enable Latin to be read with understanding; (2) as an Introduction to Roman life and ideals; (3) to explain Forms and Syntax; (4) to give a full Vocabulary and to explain English derivatives (5) to give special aid in Translation. SELECTIONS FROM VIRGIL With Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary, by J. C. This text is edited on new lines. The story of the Eneid (Books I to VI) is told in a continuous English narrative, in which the Latin passages appear in their proper context and setting. Selections from the Georgics are included. LATIN PROSE UNSEENS By A. E. JACKSON, B.A. Sewed, 80 pages. 10d. LATIN PROSE AND VERSE UNSEENS By A. E. JACKSON, B.A. 160 pages, limp cloth. 1s. 4d. HOMERIC GREEK For Beginners. By C. PHARR, Ph.D. With Vocabulary. 434 pages. 7s. 6d. net. A splendid book which is commended to the attention of classical teachers. Prospectuses of all the above books will be sent free on application, and the books themselves, as well GEORGE G. HARRAP & COMPANY, LIMITED, 39-41 00000000000000 PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 1000010 " London, W.C. 1. THE SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Marchwithian," in your issue of December 1, proposes drastic reforms in the system of awarding school certificates. He emphasizes six points in support of his argument that a reform is needed, and it is the second of these, to which I hope you will allow me to call attention as being somewhat misleading. He says: The universities and other professional bodies are concerned only with the credits" endorsed on a Certificate.' The fact is that a large number of professional bodies are not concerned with "credits," but accept a School Certificate unconditionally as exempting the holder from their preliminary examinations. Among these are : The Institute of Actuaries. The Auctioneers' and Estate Agents' Institute of the United The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents. The Surveyors' Institution. The Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors. The Pharmaceutical Society imposes certain conditions, but accepts a standard lower than a pass-with-credit. Moreover, a school certificate qualifies unconditionally for admission to a training college for teachers in elementary schools for a two years' course, or for recognition as an uncertificated teacher. In the opinion of many, other professional bodies would be well advised to accept the same qualification instead of insisting upon a standard (that of matriculation) which, as it is fixed by the universities, is necessarily based on academic considerations. Oxford. STANLEY PRICE. The Christmas number of the Bookmark, the organ of Messrs. J. M. DENT & Sons., LTD., announces the completion of “The History of English Literature," by Legouis and Cazamian, with the issue of Vol. 2, bringing the work up to 1914. An additional issue of the Bookmark, for December, is an innovation. It forms No. 1 of Vol. I of an educational series which Messrs Dent are issuing, and, in addition to referring to books of an educational nature being published by Messrs Dent, it contains short articles on the teaching of Latin, modern languages, and mathematics for the small boy," by G. T. Atkinson, W. Ripman, and R. Nettell respectively. " " " WIT AND HUMOUR OF ARABIA.-Prof. Margoliouth, of Oxford University, contributes an amusing article on Wit and Humour in Arabic Authors" to the October issue of a recently launched journal entitled “Islamic Culture,” published in India (Civil Service House, Hyderabad, India). He quotes examples of witticism, satire, and mime culled from various Arabian writers. Among the most amusing of the witticisms are those attributed to Abu'l-'Aina. One day he was passing by the house of an enemy of his, and asked how the owner was. As you would wish, was the answer. Then how is it," said he, "that I hear no lamentations?" When Sa'id after conversion to Islam was appointed vizier, Abu'l-'Aina paid him a call. He was told that the vizier was saying his prayers. He called again and received the same reply. "He is to be excused," said Abu'l'Aina; “people do so enjoy novelties!" Prof. Margoliouth's article is only one of many interesting and informative contributions which combine to make a journal of high literary standard and advanced knowledge relating to all forms of Islamic culture. New Publications from PHILIPS' List ADVENTURES OF EXPLORATION By SIR JOHN SCOTT KELTIE, LL.D., and S. C. GILMOUR, F.R.G.S. General Editor: ERNEST YOUNG, B.Sc. Six books, consisting of true and thrilling stories of travel and discovery most attractively written around the famous explorers through the ages. Geographically sound, and of real literary merit, they add interest to the Geography and History Lessons. Each crown 8vo. Cloth boards. Book I. FINDING THE CONTINENTS. 1s. 6d. Book II. CENTRAL AND SOUTH Book III. ASIA. 1s. 10d. Book IV. AFRICA. 2s. Book V. AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. 2s. 3d. Book VI. NORTH AMERICA. tion.) 2s. 6d. (In prepara PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN MATRICULATION By W. T. WILLIAMS, M.A., F. ADAMS, ENGLISH HISTORY Original, scientifically-arranged Exercises by means of which the essential facts governing events in history can be ascertained. Each page contains a chart or diagram for completion by the pupil on the page itself, and, in addition, a number of supplementary exerises. Each Crown Quarto (7 x 10 in.), consisting ...... PHILIPS' HISTORICAL ATLAS MEDIEVAL AND MODERN By RAMSAY MUIR and GEORGE PHILIP A Series of 96 Plates, containing 229 Coloured Maps and Diagrams; with an Introduction illustrated by 41 Maps and Plans in black and white, and a complete Index. Being the SIXTH EDITION completely reconstructed and greatly enlarged of PHILIPS HISTORICAL ATLAS FOR STUDENTS Size 9 x 11 inches. Handsomely bound in cloth boards, gilt, 15s. Half Leather, 21s. Detailed Prospectus with Specimen Coloured Map free on application. Please ask to have copies for inspection GEORGE PHILIP & SON, LTD., 32 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.... |