main fource of discontent and war, fhould be fo defined and regulated as to obviate impofition, and, as far as may be practicable, controverfy concerning the reality. and extent of the alienations which are made,

That commerce with them fhould be promoted under regulations tending to fe cure an equitable deportment towards them, and that fuch rational experiments fhould be made for imparting to them the bleffings of civilization as may from time to time fuit their condition. That the Executive Power of the United States fhould be enabled to employ the means to which the Indians have been long accustomed, for uniting their im mediate interefts with the prefervation of peace-And

That efficacious provifion fhould be made for inflicting adequate penalties upon all thofe who, by violating their rights, fhall infringe the treaties, and endanger the peace of the Union,

A fyftem correfponding with the mild principles of religion and philanthropy to wards an unenlightened race of men, whofe happiness materially depends on the conduct of the United States, would be as honourable to the national character, as conformable to the dictates of found policy.

The powers fpecially vested in me by the act laying certain duties on diftilled fpirits, which refpect the fub-divifions of the diftricts into furveys, the appointment of officers, and the aflignment of compenfations, have likewife been carried into effect. In a manner in which both materials and experience were wanting to guide the circulation, it will be readily conceived that there must have been difficulty in fuch an adjustment of the rates of compensation as would conciliate a reasonable competency with a proper regard to the limits prefcribed by the law. It is hoped that the circumfpection which has been used will be found in the refult to have fecured the last of the two objects; hut it is probable, that with a view to rhe first, in fome inftances a revision of the provifion will be found advifeable.

The impreffions with which this law has heen received by the community have been, upon the whole, fuch as were to be expected among enlightened and well-difpofed citizens, from the propriety and neceflity of the meafure. The novelty, however, of the tax, in a confiderable part of the United States, and a misconception of fome of its provisions, have given occafion, in particuJar places, to fome degree of difcontent. But it is fatisfactory to know, that this difpofition yields to proper explanations® and more apprehenfions of the true nature of the law." And I entertain a full confidence

Pursuant to the authority contained in the feveral acts on that subject, a district of ten miles fquare, for the permanent feat of the government of the United States, has been fixed, and announced by proclamation; which diftrict will comprehend lands on both fides of the river Potowmac, and the towns of Alexandria and Georgetown. A city has alfo been laid out, agreeably to a plan which will be placed before Congrefs; and as there is a profpect, favoured by the rate of fales which have already taken place, of ample funds for carrying on the neceffa ry buildings, there is every expectation of their due progrefs,

The completion of the cenfus of the inhabitants, for which provifion was made by law, has been duly notified (excepting in one inftance), in which the return has been informal; and another, in which it has been omitted or miscarried; and the returns of the officers who were charged with this duty, which will be laid before you, will give you the pleafing affurance, that the prefent population of the United States borders on four millions of perfons.

It is proper alfo to inform you, that a further loan of two millions and a half of florins has been completed in Holland, the returns of which are fimilar to those of the one laft announced, except as to a small reduction of charges. Another, on like terms, for fix millions of florins, had been fet on foot, under circumstances that affured im mediate completion.

Gentlemen of the Senate,

ceffors in co-operation with the other branch of the legislature. The important objects which remain to be accomplished, will, I am-perfuaded, be conducted upon principies equally comprehenfive, and equally well calculated for the advancement of the general weal.

The time limited for receiving fubfcrip tions to the loans propofed by the act making provifion for the debt of the United States having expired, statements from the proper department will, as foon as poffible, apprife you of the exact refult. Enough, however, is already known, to afford an affurance that the views of that act have been fubitantially fulfilled. The fubfcription in the domeftic debt of the United States has embraced by far the greatest proportion of that debt; affording, at the fame time, proof of the general fatisfaction of the public creditors with the fyftem which has been propofed to their acceptance, and of the fpirit of accommodation to the convenience of the government with which they are actuated. The fubfcriptions in the debts of the refpective states, as far as the provifions of the law have permitted, may be faid to be yet more general. The part of the debt of the United States which remains unsubscribed, will naturally engage your further deliberations.

It is particularly pleafing to me to be able to announce to you, that the revenues which have been established promise to be adequate to their objects, and may be permitted, if no unforeseen exigency occurs, to fuperfede, for the prefent, the neceflity of any new burdens upon our conftituents.

An object which will claim your early attention, is a provifion for the current fervice of the enfuing year, together with fnch afcertained demands upon the Treafury as require to be immediately difcharged, and fuch cafualties as may have arifen in the execution of the public business, for which no *Specific appropriation may have been made; of all of which, a proper eftimate will be laid before you.

Gemiemen of the Senate and of the

Houfe of Reprefentatives,

I fhall content myself with a general reference to former communications for fever'al objects, upon which the urgency of other affans has hitherto poftponed any definitive refoution : their importance will recal them to your attention; and truft that the progreisalready made in the moft arduous arrangements of the government will afford you lifure to refume them with advantage.'

There are, however, fome of them of which I cannot forbear a more particular #eption. Thefe are the Militia-the Poft

Office and Poft Roads-the Mint-Weights and Meafures-a Provifion for the Sale of the Vacant Lands of the United States.

The first is certainly an object of prima ry importance, whether viewed in reference to the national security, to the fatisfaction of the community, or to the prefervation of order. In connection with this, the establish ment of competent magazines and arsenals, and the fortification of fuch places as are peculiarly important and vulnerable, naturally prefent themfelves to confideration. The fafety of the United States, under divine protection, ought to reft on the bafis of fytematic and folid arrangement, expofed as little as poffible to the hazards of fortuitous circumflances.

The importance of the Poft Office and Poft Roads, on a plan fufficiently liberal and comprehenfive, as they respect the expedition, fafety, and facility of communication, is increafed by the inftrumentality in diffufing a knowledge of the laws and proceedings of the government, which, while it contributes to the fecurity of the people, ferves alfo to guard them against the effects of mifreprefentation and mifconception. The eftablishment of additional cross-poits, efpeclally to fome of the important points in the Western and Northern points of the Union, cannot fail to be of material utility,

The diforders in the exifting currency, and efpecially the fearcity of fmali change, a fearcity fo peculiarly diftreffing to the poorer claffes, ftrongly recommend the carrying into immediate effect the refolutiof already entered into concerning the esta blifhnient of a mint. Meafures have been taken pursuant to that refolution for procuring fome of the most necessary articles, together with the requifite apparatus.

An uniformity in the weights and meafures of the country is among the important objects fubmitted to you by the Conflitution; and if it can be derived from a ftandard at once invariable and univerfal, must be no lefs honourable to the public Councils than conducive to the public con venience.

A provifion for the fale of the vacant Jands of the United States is particularly urged, among other reafons, by the important confiderations that they are pledged as a fund for reimburfing the public debt that, if timely and judiciously applied, they may fave the neceflity of burdening our ci tizens with new tax.s for the extinguilhment of the principal-and that, being free to difcharge the principal but, in a limited proportion, no opportunity ought to be lost for availing the public of its right.

United Statu, O'z

G. WATHINGTON,

Copy of the Declaration of the Court of Vienna to the Powers of Europe.

His Imperial Majesty makes known to all the Courts, to whom he fent the first circular letter, dated Padua the 6th July, (now adding to the number, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and Portugal,) that the fituation of the King of the French, which occafioned the faid circular letter, being changed, he thinks it his duty to manifeft to the faid powers his prefent manner of thinking..

His Imperial Majefty thinks that the King of the French fhould be confidered as FREE; and, in confequence, his acceptation, and all the fubfequent acts, as valid. He hopes, that the effects of the faid acceptation will reftore good order in France, and that the moderate party may prevail according to the views of his Moft Chriftian Majefty. But as the hopes of the King may, contrary to all appearance, be abortive, and as all the diforders of riot, and excefs of violence, in regard to the King, may be renewed, his Imperial Majefty thinks, that all the powers to whom this is addreffed, ought not yet to defift from the measure concerted between them, but continue vigilant; and that they ought to declare, by their respective Minifters at Paris, that their coalition fubfifts, and that they are ready to fupport, on every occafion, the rights of the King, and of the French Monarchy.

Vienna, Nov. 19,1791.

The Letter, of which the following is a franflation, we find inferted, as authentic, in one of the most refpectable French Papers.

Letter from her Majesty the Empress of all the Reas, to the Marshall de Broglio;

"Marfball de Broglio,

"I addrefs myself to you, to make known to the French Nobility, banished and perfe"cuted, but still unfhaken in their fidelity and "attachment to their Sovereign, how fenfibly I have felt the fentiments which they profeffed to me in their letter of 20th September. The moit illuftrious of your Kings gloried in calling themfelves the firft Gentlemen of their kingdom. Henry IV. was particularly defirous of bearing this title. It was not an empty compliment that he paid to your ancefors; but he thus taught them, that without Nobility there could be iro monarchy; and that their intereft to defend and maintain it was infeparable from his. They understood the lellon, and lavished their blood and their efforts to re-establish the rights of their mafters and their own. Do you, their worthy defcendants, to whom the unhappy circumitances of your country

open the fame career, continue to tread in their fleps, and let the fpirit which animated them, and which you appear to inherit, be displayed in your actions.

"Elizabeth fuccoured Henry IV. who triumphed over the League at the head of your ancestors.-The example of that Queen is worthy of being imitated by posterity; and I fhall deferve to be compared to her by my perfeverance in my fentiments for the defcendant of the fame hero, to whom I have as yet only fhewn my wifhes and my good intentions. In efpoufing the common caufe of Kings in that of your Monarch, I do no more than the duty of the rank which hold on earth: I liften only to the pure dictates of a fincere and difinterested friendfhip for your Princes, the King's brothers, and the defire of affording a conftant fupport to every faithful fervant of your Sovereign.

Such are the difpofitions of which I have charged Count Romanzow to affure As no caufe was ever more thofe Princes.

grand, more just, more noble, or more deferving to excite the zeal and the courage of all who have devoted themselves to defend it and to fight for it, I cannot but augur fuccefs the moft fortunate and analogous to the wishes I have formed; and I pray God to have you, and all the French Nobihity who participate your fentiments, and adhere to your principles, in his most holy keeping.

(Signed)

CATHARINE."

St. Peter fourgh, O♬. 29, 1791.

WARSAW, Nov. 25.

Prince Abam Czartorinfki and Count Mortowski set off yesterday for Drefden to have a conference with the Electoral Cabi

net, relative to the obitacles which have hitherto retarded the Elector's acceptance of the hereditary throne of Poland.

The principal of thefe obftacles are the following:

1. That no act of the Diet fhall have the force of a law, until it fhall have received the Royal fanction.

2. That the marriage of the Princefs Infanta fhall folely be at the difpofal of her Auguft Parents.

(By the conftitution this marriage is to be approved at leaft by the nation,

3. That the King's authority over the army fhall be fapreme, and uncontrouled.

FRANCE.

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

November 20.

The Affembly having confidered a prepoûtion made for taking decifive meatures

at

at foreign Courts with regard to the Emigrants, decreed in the following terms:

"The National Affembly decrees that a deputation of twenty-four of its members fhall wait upon the King, to communicate to him, in the name of the Affembly, its folicitude on the dangers that threaten the country, by the perfidious combination of Frenchmen, armed and embodied without the kingdom, and of thofe who devife plots within it, or excite the citizens to revolt against the law; and to declare to the King that the nation will fee with fatisfaction all wife measures that the King can take for the purpose of requiring the Electors of Treves and Mayence, and the Bishop of Spire, conformably to the Rights of Nations, to difperfe the affemblages of French Emigrants; that with the fame confidence in the wifdom of fuch meafures, the nation will fee the neceffary troops affembled to compel thofe Princes to refpect the law of nations by force of arms, if these affemblages fhould continue; and, finally, that the National Affembly has thought it its duty to make this folemn declaration, to the end that the King may prove in the official communications of thefe impreflive measures, to the Diet of Ratisbon, and all the Courts of Europe, that his intentions, and thofe of the French nation, are the fame."

The fame deputation will represent to the King, that the Affembly confiders as one of the most efficacious measures to this effect, the speedy termination of the negociations for the indemnities due to the Princes who poffeffed feudal rights in Alface.

November 24.

Conftiturion, makes it neceffary for me to recapitulate its principles with regard to the point in quefton.

"The Conflitution determining, in the moft precife manner, the different relations of the King with the Legiflative Body, has attached to the Royal Prerogative the right of propofing laws upon certain fubje As, and of inviting the Legislative Body to take others into confideration. The act by which the King judges it proper to exercife either of thefe rights, being always an act purely Royal, of the fame nature as the Royal fanction, requires, like that, the counter-figna ture of the Minifter, only to attest the fig nature of the King, and imports not any kind of refponfibility; whereas the requifition of funds for the ordinary and extraordinary expences of Government, being evidently acts purely executive, ought always to proceed directly from the Ministers of the King, in order to have the guarantee of their responsibility.

"Such is the fpirit and the general fyftem of the Conftitution, the bafis of which is laid in the following difpofition:

The King can only invite the Legislative Body to take a fubject into confideration." Chap. 3. Sect. I. Art. 3.

"I fhall make ufe of this power, whenever the glory, the happinefs, and the intereft of the nation require it.

Paragraph the 8th of the fame article, delegates to the Legislative Body the right of determining annually, after the propofition of the King, the number of men and fhips that fhall compofe the armies by land and by fea, as well as the pay and the number of individuals of each rank." "I fhall conform to this article in the ge

ASSEMBLY.

Legislative Body at the commencement of each year, and in the particular propofitions of the fame nature, as the extraordinary cir cumftances may require in the courfe of the year.

"War cannot be decided upon, except "by a decrec of the Legiflative Body, made after the King's formal and neceffary propofition, and fanctioned by him.” (Chap. 3. Sec. 1. Art. 2.)

"I hope that I may not ever be in the fituation to addrefs a propofition of this nature to the Affembly. Peace is too neceffary to the happinefs of France, that I fhail not use every means confitent with the bonour of the nation to maintain it.

"The following difpofition of the fame article imports, "That, in cafe of hoftilities threatened, or already begun, or of an ally to be fupported, or of a right to e "enforced by arms, the King fhall give no

" 1

"I fhall always conform to this difpofition with that extreme circumfpe&tion the intereft of the State requires; it would be to depart from this laft in a dangerous manner to communicate fimple doubts of the intention of a heighbouring power as a threatened hostility; in fuch a cafe it would be fufficient to take precautionary measures; and it is to the King exclufively that the aration has delegated this important care. I am now occupied in this care, and I shall always be fo with the most active diligence; and the extraordinary funds which the different armaments have required, and the movement of troops which I have judged neceffary, have all along been ordered on the fimple demand of the minifters of war and of Marine, made by my orders; because, according to the terms of the Constitution, the Legislative Body are to order the funds according to their view of the expences to be made in their refpective departments. This article indeed mentions only the ordinary expences; but it is impoffible not to apply it to the extraordinary expences of the fame nature.

"The Conftitution, not having prefcribed to me a different form relative to thefe expences, has neceffarily ranged them in the fame class, fubjecting them to the fame refponfibility, by the 5th article of the fame fection, which could not be if they were to proceed from the King immediately, instead of being made by his minifter, who are the agents which the Conftution has given him for acts purely executive.

The 5th article of the 4th fection, chapter the 3d, imports, "That ail the acts "of the King's correfpondence with the "Legiflative Body ought to be counter"figned by a minifter."

"But it would be to give the Constitution a tendency the molt contrary to the principles which are its bafis, to conclude that all the acts which folely intereft the Executive Power, ought neceffarily to be the fubject of the perfonal correfpondence of the King, because from this would refult an entire deficiency of refpenfibility, and an abfolute inaction in the proceedings of Administration, every time the King chofe

to be filent.

"The Conflitution, without determining the cafes in which the perfonal correfpondence of the King would be neceffary, has only expreffed that all the acts of that correfpondence fhould be counterfigned by a minifter.

"The Confitution has exprefied nothing farther. It is my duty to be determined by it, because it formally interdicts all the conf. tuted powers from the right of changing it, either wholly, or in its parts.

(Signed) LOUIS."

And underfigned, DEBERTRAND.

May I fatter myself, that, notwithftanding the importance of affairs in which you are engaged, you will deign to remem ber a profeffor, who, confined to Paris by his profession, still subsisting, though ruined, retained there a fo by his age, which hinders him from joining the faithful fervants of the King, fends thither his only fon to fupply his place, and takes the liberty of recommending him to your protection.

«This fon was Comptroller General of the Farms: he has ferved under M. Neuilly, Farmer General, who has the honour of being known to you, and who will give a good character of my boy. He has, befides, the honour of being particularly known to Mr Prefident Gilbert Devoifins. May the project which you have conceived for the deliverance of the nation, and the re-eftablishment of order and tranquillity in the kingdom, be speedily and happily executed. (Signed) DELATKE."

In confequence of this letter, the writer was feized and brought to the bar of the ter, and was accordingly conducted to pri Houfe, where he frankly avowed the letfon.

Syndic of the department, giving an account of fome disturbances at Montpellier, by which feveral perfons had loft their lives.

A letter was read from the Procurator

December 14

At four in the afternoon the Affembly met, and the President read a note from the King, announcing his intention of coming down to the Affembly at fix.

As the note contained no intimation of the bufinefs on which his Majefty meant to come down, the President was authorifed to return an immediate anfwer; and it was fetled, that the Affembly, after taking into confideration the propofitions which the King might make, fhould make known the refult by a meffage.

The beating of drums announced the King's approach; the attendants of the Affembly placed two feats. ornamented with fors de lys in gold before the Piefident's chair; a deputation fent to receive the King, entered before him; the Ufhers proclaimed his arrival; the Members all stood up untovered; the Presiden; announced that the Affembly was no longer a deliberative body, and that no perfon ninft fpeak; the King entered, furrounded by his "Muisters, took