characteristically Byronic, preceded maturity and achieve

ment.

No poet of his own or other times, not Walter Scott, not Tennyson, not Mr. Kipling, was ever in his own lifetime so widely, so amazingly popular. Thousands of copies of the "Tales "—of the Bride of Abydos, of the Corsair, of Lara-were sold in a day, and edition followed edition month in and month out. Everywhere men talked about the "noble author"-in the capitals of Europe, in literary circles in the United States, in the East Indies. He was the glass of fashion the observ'd of all observers," the swayer of sentiment, the master and creator of popular emotion. No other English poet before or since has divided men's attention with generals and sea-captains and statesmen, has attracted and fascinated and overcome the world so entirely and potently as Lord Byron.

66

...

It was Childe Harold, the unfinished, immature Childe Harold, and the Turkish and other "Tales," which raised this sudden and deafening storm of applause when the century was young, and now, at its close (I refer, of course, to the Tales, not to Byron's poetry as a whole, which, in spite of the critics, has held and still holds its own), are ignored if not forgotten, passed over if not despised-which but few know thoroughly, and "very few" are found to admire or to love. Ubi lapsus, quid feci might the questioning spirit of the author exclaim with regard to his "Harrys and Larrys, Pilgrims and

Pirates," who once held the field, and now seem to have gone under in the struggle for poetical existence !

To what, then, may we attribute the passing away of interest and enthusiasm? To the caprice of fashion, to an insistence on a more faultless technique, to a nicer taste in ethical sentiment, to a preference for a subtler treatment of loftier themes? More certainly, and more particularly, I think, to the blurring of outline and the blotting out of detail due to lapse of time and the shifting of the intellectual standpoint.

However much the charm of novelty and the contagion of enthusiasm may have contributed to the success of the Turkish and other Tales, it is in the last degree improbable that our grandfathers and greatgrandfathers were enamoured, not of a reality, but of an illusion born of ignorance or of vulgar bewilderment. They were carried away because they breathed the same atmosphere as the singer; and being undistracted by ethical, or grammatical, or metrical offences, they not only read these poems with avidity, but understood enough of what they read to be touched by their vitality, to realize their verisimilitude.

Tout comprendre c'est tout pardonner. Nay, more, the knowledge, the comprehension of essential greatness in art, in nature, or in man is not to know that there is aught to forgive. But that sufficing knowledge which the reader of average intelligence brings with him for the comprehension and appreciation of contemporary

literature has to be bought at the price of close attention
and patient study when the subject-matter of a poem
and the modes and movements of the poet's conscious-
ness are alike unfamiliar.

Criticism, however subtle, however suggestive, how-
ever luminous, will not bridge over the gap between the
past and the present, will not supply the sufficing know-
ledge. It is delightful and interesting and, in a measure,
instructive to know what great poets of his own time and
of ours have thought of Byron, how he "strikes" them;
but unless we are ourselves saturated with his thought and
style, unless we learn to breathe his atmosphere by read-
ing the books which he read, picturing to ourselves the
scenes which he saw,-unless we aspire to his ideals and
suffer his limitations, we are in no way entitled to judge
his poems, whether they be good or bad.

Byron's metrical "Tales" come before us in the
guise of light reading, and may be "easily criticized"
as melo-dramatic-the heroines conventional puppets,
the heroes reduplicated reflections of the author's person-
ality, the Oriental "properties" loosely arranged, and
somewhat stage-worn. A thorough and sympathetic study
of these once extravagantly lauded and now belittled
poems will not, perhaps, reverse the deliberate judgment
of later generations, but it will display them for what
they are, bold and rapid and yet exact presentations of
the "gorgeous East," vivid and fresh from the hand of
the great artist who conceived them out of the abundance

of memory and observation, and wrought them into shape
with the "pen of a ready writer." They will be once
more recognized as works of genius, an integral portion
of our literary inheritance, which has its proper value,
and will repay a more assiduous and a finer husbandry.

I have once more to acknowledge the generous
assistance of the officials of the British Museum, and,
more especially, of Mr. A. G. Ellis, of the Oriental
Printed Books and MSS. Department, who has afforded
me invaluable instruction in the compilation of the notes
to the Giaour and Bride of Abydos.

I have also to thank Mr. R. L. Binyon, of the
Department of Prints and Drawings, for advice and
assistance in the selection of illustrations.

I desire to express my cordial thanks to the Registrar
of the Copyright Office, Stationers' Hall; to Professor
Jannaris, of the University of St. Andrews; to Miss
E. Dawes, M.A., D.L., of Heathfield Lodge, Weybridge;
to my cousin, Miss Edith Coleridge, of Goodrest, Tor-
quay; and to my friend, Mr. Frank E. Taylor, of Chertsey,
for information kindly supplied during the progress of
the work.

For many of the "parallel passages" from the works
of other poets, which are to be found in the notes, I am
indebted to a series of articles by A. A. Watts, in the
Literary Gazette, February and March, 1821; and to the
notes to the late Professor E. Kölbing's Siege of Corinth.

On behalf of the publisher, I beg to acknowledge

the kindness of Lord Glenesk, and of Sir Theodore Martin, K.C.B., who have permitted the examination and collation of MSS. of the Siege of Corinth and of the "Thyrza" poems, in their possession.

The original of the miniature of H.R.H. the Princess Charlotte of Wales (see p. 44) is in the Library of Windsor Castle. It has been reproduced for this volume by the gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen.

ERNEST HARTLEY COLERIDGE.

April 18, 1900.