And in the islands of the Archipelago.

Europe is about 2200 miles long, that is, from Cape North to the most southern parts of Italy and Spain; and about 2200 miles broad, from Cape Finisterre, in Spain, to the river Don or Tanäis. It lies between the 36th and 72d degree of North Latitude.

The Mediterranean between Europe and Africa. The Atlantic between Europe and America; The German Ocean, between Britain, Holland, and Germany;

The Baltic Sea, between Denmark, Sweden, Russia, and Prussia;

The Icy Sea, on the North;

The White Sea, in Russia.

The Strait of Messina, between Italy and Sicily; The Straits of Gibraltar, between Spain and Africa;

The channel, between England and France; The Sound in the Baltic, between Denmark and Sweden;

The Straits of Boniface, between Sardinia and Corsica.

The principal Bays and Gulfs.

The Bay of Biscay, between France and Spain; The Gulf of Venice, or Adriatic Sea, between Italy and Turkey ;

The Gulf of Bothnia, in Sweden;

The Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia.

The principal Rivers.

The Wolga, the Don or Tanais, and the Boristhenes or Dnieper, in Russia;

The Danube, the Rhine, and the Elbe, in Germany;

The Vistula or Wezel, in Poland.

The Loire, the Seine, the Rhone, and the Garrone, in France.

The Ebro, the Tagus, and the Douro, in Spain;
The Po, in Italy;

The Thames and the Severn, in England;
And the Shannon, in Ireland.

The chief Lakes.

Ladoga and Onega, in Russia;

Lake of Geneva, between Switzerland and Savoy; Lake of Constance, between Swisserland and Germany;

Lakes of Como and Maggiore, in Italy;

Windermere, in England;

Lough Neagh, and many others in Ireland;
And Lochlomond, with several more in Scotland.
The highest Mountains.

The Daara-field, or Dofre-field, between Norway and Sweden;

Mount Krapac, or the Carpathian Mountains, between Poland and Hungary;

The Pyrenean Mountains, between France and Spain;

The Alps, which divide France and Germany from Italy;

The

The Apennines, which run through Italy;
The Peak, in Derbyshire, in England;
Plinlimmon, in Wales;

And the Cheviot Hills between England and Scotland.

Besides the above, there are several burning Mountains in Europe, called Volcanos, the chief. of which are:

Vesuvius and Stromboli, in Italy;

Mount Etna, in Sicily;

And Mount Hecla, in the island of Iceland.

NOTE.—It is a very amusing exercise to children, and at the same time very instructive, to let them make an imaginary voyage through all the Seas and Straits of Europe: let them, for instance, embark on the sea of Asoph, sail through the Straits of Caffa, and, crossing the Black Sea, enter the Bosphorus, which is the passage into the Sea of Marmora, &c.

In like manner, let them trace the different rivers to their sources, and observe into what seas they empty themselves.

SECTION VI.

OF EUROPE.

THERE are three forms of government, which are called, monarchical, aristocratical, and democratical; and every country is under one or other of these, or else has a sort of mixed government, compounded of two, or perhaps, all three of them.

In a monarchical government, the supreme power is lodged in one person only; as in Spain

and

and Portugal.

And this form of Government is called despotic which means, that the sovereign consults his own will only.

Under an aristocracy, a country is ruled by the nobles. Republics tend to this form of government, as several of the principal members are chosen to govern the state.

In a democracy the supreme authority is lodged in persons chosen by the people.

In the mixed government, the authority of the sovereign is limited, and restrained by the laws, and by the Assembly of the States; as in Germany, where the government is monarchical and aristocratical. In England, the government is composed of all the three forms.

In an hereditary kingdom, the son succeeds to the throne upon the death of his father, and in some governments females succeed, as in England.

In an elective kingdom, the king's children have no right of inheritance; but when the sovereign dies, the States assemble and chuse a king, such was formerly the kingdom of Poland.

The Christian religion is established throughout every part of Europe, except Turkey. But this religion is divided into a number of different sects, which may be comprehended under three general denominations; 1st. The Greek church; 2d. Popery; and 3d. Protestantism; which last is again divided into Lutheranism and Calvinism; so called from Luther and Calvin, the 'two distinguished reformers of the 16th century.

SECTION