nal victories gained there by the Duke of Marl borough.

8. In BAVARIA, the chief towns are Munich, Saltzburg; Ingoldstat and Ratisbon, on the Danube.

9. In AUSTRIA, the chief towns are, Vienna, on the Danube; and Gratz.

Vienna, being the residence of the emperor, is considered as the capital of the whole German em pire. Its inhabitants amount to about 200,000; but the suburbs are larger than the city itself; and contain many more. Vienna has many magnificent buildings, but its streets are narrow and dirty.

SECTION XXXVII.

OF GERMANY.

THE principal rivers of Germany are, the Da

nube, the Rhine, the Elbe, the Oder, the Weser, the Moselle, and the Maine.

The most noted Lake is that of Constance, between Germany

and Swisserland.

This country is said to contain more mineral waters than all Europe besides: those of the Spa, Pyrmont, and Aix-la-Chapelle, are well known for their medicinal virtues.

The chief mountains are, the Alps; which di vide Germany from Italy.

The Climate and Soil of this Empire differ greatly the southern parts are not unpleasing; the northern,

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northern, exceedingly bad and desert. There are vast forests and woods, consequently plenty of wild fowl, and game of all sorts. The country in general yields grain of every kind, vegetables, fruits, and fish; and it abounds in metals and minerals.

Rhenish and Moselle wines come from hence. The Germans are grave and honest, and generally very fair in their dealings. In either arts or war they are equally excellent; have an extensive genius for the mechanics, and are famous for some singular inventions, particularly of that fatal instrument, the gun.

As to the Religion of this country, it seems equally divided between sectaries of all kinds, Protestants, Papists, and Jews.

The government of Germary is of various forms: the emperor *is head, but not master of the empire; for he can do but little without the consent of the electors, princes, and imperial free cities; which altogether form, what is called the Diet of the empire, that assembles in the town of Ratisbon.

'There are nine electors; which are, in order,

*The emperor has no power now, except in his own dominions, viz. Austria, &c. all the rest of the country, excepting the new kingdom of Westphalia, is governed by the CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE, under the protection of the French Empire.

In these mine was vested the right of electing the emperors of Germany, but the title is now hereditary under the name of Austria.

The electors are sovereign princes; those of Mentz, Triers, and Cologne, are Ecclesiastics, being archbishops.

Bohemia, belongs to the house of Austria, and its elector was chosen King of the Romans, during the life of the emperor, and succeeded to the empire without a re-election.

The Elector of Bavaria's capital is Munich.

The Elector of Saxony* is the most considerable of all the electors, and his electorate the finest.

The Elector of Brandenburg is also King of Prussia, and master of a great extent of country; the capital of Brandenburg is Berlin.

The two most considerable towns belonging to the elector Palatine are Manheim, and Dussel. dorff.

The Elector of Hanover is also King of Great: Britain; the capital of this electorate is Hanover.

Besides the electors there are many other sove❤ reign princes; as, the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel,. the Dukes of Brunswick, Wolfenbuttle, Mecklen-burg, and Saxe-Gotha, the Marquis of Baden, the Prince of Nassau, &c.

Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of France, was the founder of the German empire, in

800.

Francis II. is the present emperor, who was

*Now King of Saxony.
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elected.

elected in 1792. He is also King of Hungary and Bohemia,' and has lately taken the title of Emperor of Austria.

The History of the Emperor Charles V.' by Robertson; and Voltaire's Abridgement of the Empire, may be read with advantage.

SECTION XXXVIII.

OF BOHEMIA.

THE kingdom of BOHEMIA (subject to the

House of Austria) is bounded on three sides by Germany, and has Poland on the East.

It is divided into three parts, viz.

1. Bohemia Proper.

2. Silesia.

3. Moravia.

Its capital is Prague, on the river Mulda, one of the finest and most magnificent cities in Europe; the most noted of its buildings is a very noble bridge.

It is a place of but little trade; and its inhabi-› tants are computed at about 83,000.

SILESIA is a Duchy, chiefly subject to the King of Prussia; its capital is Breslaw, on the Oder. MORAVIA is subject to Austria; its capital is Olmutz.

The Soil and Produce of Bohemia are pretty much the same as those of Germany.

The chief manufactures are, linen, copper, iron, and glass.

Popery

Popery is the established Religion; but the Moravians have struck into a visionary path of their

own.

Bohemia is 300 miles long, and 250 miles broad. It lies between 48° and 52° North latitude.

SECTION XXXIX.

OF SWISSERLAND *.

SWISSERLAND is a small romantic country, lying upon the Alps, between Germany, Italy,

* Swisserland, or the Helvetic Republic, has lately been divided into 18 Departments, as follow: