1807, and succeeded by Mustapha IV. The present sovereign is Mahmud II. a minor, who suç ́ceeded to the throne in 1808.

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The common appellations are Sultan,' Grand Signior,' and Emperor;' but the titles they assume are very pompous; such as, 'A God on Earth, Brother to the Sun and Moon,'

Disposer of all

THERE are several islands belonging to Tur

key, in the Archipelago and Levant Sea, being a part of ancient Greece; the following are the most noted.

CANDIA, or the ancient Crete, a large, pleasant, and fertile island, about 200 miles long, and 60 broad; in which is the famous mount Ida, where Jupiter is said to have been educated, now no better than a barren rock.

NEGROPONT, the ancient Euboea, in length about 90 miles, and 50 broad; where the Turkish galleys lie.

CERIGO, or Cytherea, celebrated for having been. the favourite residence of Venus.

EGINA, where money was first coined.
LEMNOS, famous for its mineral earth.

THASOS, or fruitful island of Ceres.

All these islands, and several others of less note, are European; they contain many remains of antiquity, and are celebrated in ancient history, as also by the poets.

Those lying on the right hand of the Archipelago, are Asiatic, and are equally famous; the principal among them, are,

The Isle of CYPRUS, 150 miles long, and 70 broad; in which is Paphos; its inhabitants still continue remarkably lazy and effeminate.

RHODES is 50 miles long, and 25 broad. At the mouth of the harbour stood the celebrated Cplossus, of brass, esteemed one of the wonders of the world, having one foot on each side of the harbour, so that ships in full sail passed between its legs. This enormous statue was one hundred and thirty-five feet high, and was thrown down by an earthquake, and afterwards destroyed and taken to pieces in 653.

Scro, or CHIOs, one of the seven places that contended for the birth of Homer.

SAMOS, the birth-place of Pythagoras.
PAROS, famous for its white marble.

The CYCLADES Islands, lie like a circle round Delos, which is the chief of them. Though not above six miles in circumference, it is one of the most celebrated of the Grecian islands, being the birth-place of Apollo and Diana; the magnificent ruins of whose temples are still visible. It is now almost destitute of inhabitants.

LES BOS, or MYTELENE, famous for the number of philosophers and poets it produced.

STILI

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STILIMINO, formerly Tenedos, remarkable only for its lying opposite to Old Troy.

The principal islands in the lonian Sea have been already inserted; viz. Cephalonia, Corfu, and Zante. The little island Theaki, only deserves mention as being the ancient Ithaca, the birth-place and kingdom of Ulysses.

Goldsmith's History of Greece, and also his Roman History, are very proper books for young people. The Roman History by the Rev. J.Adam's is a very useful work.

SECTION LXIII.

OF ASIA.

THIS immense track of land is bounded, on the

North, by the Frozen Ocean;

South, by the Indian Ocean;

East, by the Pacific Ocean;

West, by Europe, the Black Sea, Mediterranean,

Red Sea, and part of Africa.

Asia is divided into seven large parts, viz.

ON THE NORTH:

1. Tartary, comprehending several nations.

ON THE SOUTH:

2. Turkey, in Asia;

3. Arabia;

4. The Empire of Persia;

5. India,

5. India, and Hindoostan;

6. The Empire of China;
7. The Asiatic Islands.

It is about 4,740 miles long, from the Dardanelles, on the West, to the Eastern shore of Chinese Tartary; and about 4,600 broad, from the most northern cape of Nova Zembla to the most southern part of Malacca.

This continent lies between the equator and 80 degrees of North latitude; but several of its islands lie on the south side of the equator, and extend to the 10th degree of South latitude.

Note. According to the observations made in Captain Cook's last Voyage, the most eastern part of Asia, called East Cape, is situated in 196 deg. 22 min. East longitude from London; or rather 163 deg. 38. min. West longitude.

SECTION LXIV.

OF ASIA.

BESIDES the Seas before-mentioned, Asia bas

the following;

The Caspian Sea, between Turkey, Persia, and Tartary;

The Yellow Sea, in China;

The Sea of Korea, between Tartary and the

Japan islands;

The Sea of Kamtschatka, in Siberia;

The principal Straits are, the Straits of Ba

belmandel,

belmandel, which open a passage into the Red Sea;

The Straits of Malacca, between the eastern peninsula of India and the island of Sumatra;

The Straits of Sunda, between the islands of Sumatra and Java;

The Straits of Macassa, between the islands of Borneo and Celebes;

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The Straits of Mindora, and those of Manilla, between some of the Philippine islands.

The principal Bays and Gulfs are,

The Bay of Bengal;

The Bay of Siam ;

The Gulf of Cochinchina;

The Gulf of Cambay; and

The Gulfs of Persia and Ormus, between Persia and Arabia;

The chief Rivers that run through Asia are,

The Tigris and Euphrates, between Arabia and Persia;

The Indus, and the Ganges, in India;

The highest mountains are, Ararat, between Turkey and Persia; on which the ark of Noah rested when the waters of the deluge subsided;

Horeb and Sinai, in Arabia;

Lebanon, in Judea;

Ima, in Tartary;

Caucasus, dividing Turkey from Tartary, and Persia, extending from Armenia to the Western coast of the Caspian Sea;

Mount Taurus, being a continuation of the

Caucasus,

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