the duchy of Prussia to a kingdom, and in a solemn assembly of the states, placed the crown with his own hands upon his head; soon after which he was acknowledged as king of Prussia by all the other European powers. The prince who at present fills the throne is Frederic-William III. he was proclaimed in 1794, and is their fourth king. The king of Prussia has also Brandenburg, Pomerania, and other large possessions in Germany. The chief part of these have been lately conquered by France. Most part of Silesia, and Glatz in Bohemia. SECTION LVII. OF HUNGARY. HUNGARY is bounded, on the North, by Poland; South and East, by Turkey; West, by Germany. It is divided into four large parts. viz. 1. Upper Hungary 2. Lower Hungary. 3. Transilvania 4. Esclavonia. 1. Of UPPER HUNGARY, the chief town is Presburg, situated on the Danube. Tokay is a place famous for an excellent wine. which is called Tokay. 2. Of LowER HUNGARY, the chief town is Buda, on the Danube, it retains very little of its ancient magnificence but its strength and fortifications. 3. Of TRANSILVANIA, the chief town is Her manstadt. 4. Of ESCLAVONIA, the chief town is Esseck, on the Danube. Both these last mentioned are large, strong, well-built towns. Hungary is 300 miles long, and 200 broad. THE SECTION LVIII. OF HUNGARY. HE principal rivers are, the Danube and the Drave. The chief mountains are, the Carpathian, between Hungary and Poland. Hungary is a very cheap country, the land being infinitely fertile, and in some places producing the most esteemed grape in Europe. It is beautified with lakes, the windings of the Danube, and many streams which flow into that fine river. In the woods of Hungary are bred a race of horses, the most active, hardy, and spirited, for their size, in the world; the hussars, or light dragoons, of the Austrian army, are mounted on them. This country abounds with mines; and their chief exports are metals, drugs, and salt. The The Hungarians are in general indolent, but a brave magnanimous people. They are remarkably handsome and well-shaped, and their appearance is improved by their dress, which is peculiar, and very becoming. The women are extremely beautiful. The Religion is the Roman Catholic, though great numbers of them are Protestants. They have a variety of dialects, but the better rank of people speak German. By the constitution of Hungary, the crown is still held to be elective; all they require is, that the heir of the House of Austria shall be elected as often as a vacancy happens. The Hungarians dislike the term of Queen, and called their late sovereign King Theresa: she died in 1780. This kingdom is the ancient Panonia. Julius Cæsar was the first Roman who attacked it, and Tiberius subdued it. It was afterwards in possession of the Goths, Huns, Lombards, and Germans. The first that took the title of king, was Stephen, about the year 1000; he is distinguished by the appellation of Saint,' because he first introduced Christianity into this country. It was the seat of bloody wars between the Turks and Germans, for the possession of it, from 1540 to 1739, when, by the treaty of Belgrade, it was ceded to the latter, and is now annexed to the House of Austria. SECTION SECTION LIX. OF TURKEY, IN EUROPE. TURKEY, in Europe, is bounded on the 1 South, by the Mediterranean Sea, the Sea of Marmora, and the Archipelago. East, by the river Niester, which divides it from Russia, and by the Euxine. West, by the Gulf of Venice. It is divided into fourteen Provinces, viz. 13. Achaia, and Boeotia, now Livadia. 14. Morea, formerly Peloponnesus ancient Greece. Turkey, in Europe, is 900 miles long, and 700 broad. It is situated between 36° and 49° North latitude. SECTION 1. SECTION LX. OF TURKEY, IN EUROPE. IN BESSARABIA, the chief town is Bender, on the Dniester. 2. In MOLDAVIA, the chief towns are, Choczim, on the Dniester; and Jazy, on the Pruth. 3. In WALACHIA, the chief towns are, Tergo. visto, and Buccoresti. 4. In BULGARIA, the chief town is Sophia. 5. In SERVIA, the chief town is Belgrade, on the Danube. 6. In BOSNIA, the chief town is Serai. 7. In DALMATIA, the chief town is Spalatro, on the Adriatic. 8. In ALBANIA, the chief towns are, Durazzo, on the Adriatic, and Scutari, on Lake Zeta. 9. In EPIRUS, the chief town is Chimera, on the Sea, and Butrinto. 10. In ROMANIA, the chief towns are, Conftan tinople, and Adrianople. CONSTANTINOPLE, anciently Byzantium, is the capital of the Grand Signior's dominions. It stands upon the western shore of the Bosphorusz and in the fourth century the Emperor Constantine transferred hither the seat of the Roman Go, vernment. It is frequently called the Porte,' by way of eminence. The view of this city from the harbour is confessedly the finest in the world ; exhibiting a multitude of magnificent mosques, G 3 ог |