made public to-day for the first time the secret history of the looting of Catholic cathedrals during the Mexican war. He tells how it was done and of the burial of the treasure. His tongue was loosened by a newspaper dispatch from Mexico City telling of the discovery of a chest of diamonds, sapphires, rubies, pearls and golden images beneath a flagstone in the chapel of Las Vozcainas College.

Mr. Baker says his father marched from Vera Cruz to Mexico City with General Scott's army. He and a tentmate, after plotting for weeks, dug their way into some of the richest cathedrals and pillaged them of their fabulous wealth of valuable stones and huge golden images, carrying their burdens of precious stones to a hiding place beneath the flagstones in a cathedral yard.

Mr. Baker's companion died soon afterward. Mr. Baker returned to his home in New York and then went to Hillsdale, Michigan. Fifteen years after plundering the cathedrals he confided his story to an intimate friend.

This friend wrote to the Mexican government, asking "If there would be any chance of a 'divvy' of the spoils" if he should tell the government where it could find the sacred and valuable altar decorations which had been stolen. In a letter bearing an official seal the Hillsdale man received warning that if he knew of any one who had a hand in the pillaging, or if he himself participated in it, he would do well to forget all he

knew about it and "keep mum," lest his life be sacri,
ficed in revenge for the desecration of cathedrals.

Mr. Baker took the advice, but still intended to
secure the treasure he had buried.

ADDENDUM B.

[Referred to on page 51.]

INTOLERANCE IN MASSACHUSETTS.

The reprehensible and un-American principle of
political and religious intolerance has ever found con-
genial soil in Massachusetts. The spirit of the fathers
there descended to the sons, and accordingly we find
the notorious Hartford Convention (dominated by
Massachusetts men) insisting that the Federal Consti-
tution be amended so that no person naturalized
thereafter could be eligible as a member of the Senate
or House of Representatives of the United States, nor
capable of holding any civil office under the authority
of the United States; and forty years later (1855),
having failed to get that proscriptive principle into
the organic law of the Federal government, the people
of Massachusetts then declared not only that no man
born outside of the United States should hold office
in that State, but "that no man who worshiped God in
a Catholic church should hold office in the State. In
this connection I think it well worth while to insert
an extract from the speech of Hon. James B. Eustis,
of Louisiana, in the United States Senate, January

21, 1891. In the course of his powerful speech on that occasion, Mr. Eustis said:

"I would remind the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. Lodge), that, in my estimation and in my judgment, the case of the most relentless, unblushing, cruel, and unconstitutional political proscription is one that occurred in the State of Massachusetts.

"Sir, it was the aim of our fathers who framed the Constitution of the United States that this question. of religion should never enter into our political deliberations or political action. From the bloody history of England they gathered the wisdom to provide that the people of the United States should be exempt from that terrible curse, religious contention and religious proscription; that it would be in violation of the spirit of the Constitution that any State or any political party should establish a religious test as a qualification for office in this country.

"And yet, Mr. President, do we not remember the period of 1854 and 1855 in the State of Massachusetts, when her people decided by an overwhelming majority, on a question that stirred the State from top to bottom, the principle and the proclaimed determination that no man who worshiped God in a Catholic church should hold office in the State; that before he became qualified (in the estimation of the people of that State), before he could reinstate himself as eligible to political office, no matter how insignificant, in the State of Massachusetts, he must renounce the religion of his mother and bow down to Massachusetts'

Protestantism, and worship that God, and that God

Was that the justice, Mr. President, which the Senator from Massachusetts invokes from us? Was that the toleration which he invokes from us? Ah, W President, if that platform of Massachusetts and hat political faith of Massachusetts had not been seyed and exterminated in this country by the

y democracy of this land, this country from one

to the other would have been plunged into civil site and human blood would have flowed on every political field of this vast domain.

"But this is not all, Mr. President. Not satisfied with making war upon the religion of their fellowcitizens, reviving the days when they burned convents and expelled nuns from their consecrated habitations; not yet satiated with that infernal spirit of political proscription which makes the blackest page that has been written in the history of this country; not satisfied with having gorged themselves with political power secured by having trampled upon the religion of their fellow-citizens, they extended their political warfare and their political proscription in still another direction, and declared in their platform and in their political creed that no man who was born abroad, although he might be a naturalized citizen of the United States, was qualified to hold office in the State of Massachusetts; that Mr. Pat Collins, who has served his State with distinction in the other House; who has conferred-though he would not say

so himself-honor upon the constituency which he represented in the other House, and who only a few days ago was tendered a position by a Democratic governor as judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts; that John Boyle O'Reilly, that great Irishman who made fame by his honesty, his patriotism, and his literary attainments, around whose tomb the other day were gathered, irrespective of party, thousands and thousands of Boston's citizens, feeling that the State of Massachusetts had suffered a terrible bereavement that those two men, under the political creed which existed, and which probably the Senator from Massachusetts, if he had been old enough, would have indorsed, were unworthy for a double reason to hold any office in the State of Massachusetts-one because they were Catholics, and the other because they were foreign-born citizens."

ADDENDUM C.

[Referred to on page 68.]

THE FEDERATIVE PRINCIPLE OF OUR GOVERNMENT.

[Alexander H. Stephens, in "The War Between the States," Vol. 1, pp. 534-535.]

In the Federative principle of our Government its chief strength, its great beauty, its complete symmetry, its ultimate harmony, and, indeed, its very perfection, mainly consist; certainly, so long as the objects aimed at in its formation are the objects aimed