which they sow, but do not reap, and "seduce" the seamen from their ships, without any effort on the part of the people or government of the United States, who merely fulfil the dictates of national and individual hospitality, by affording them the offices of good neighbourhood, and the shield of protection.

Our intention, in this essay, was principally directed to that part of the preceding letter to lord Melville relating to the "seduction" of British seamen. Exceptionable, pert, insolent and unfounded as are many other parts of the letter, it would be only fatiguing ourselves and our readers to enter into their examination. Most, indeed all of them have been separately refuted, over and over again, either by argument, or more effectually by the course of political events. The story of French influence is no more--the “emancipation of nations" is now pretty well understood, and the piety of England appears in all its real lustre. While corruption, like a burning stream of lava, is rolling through the streets of her cities--while every day men of the highest rank are appealing to the laws, to punish the adultery of women of the highest distinction, and the newspapers and the annual registers are filled with details of crimes that mark the extreme of moral turpitude, she is endeavouring to impose a character of exalted piety on the world, by sending missionaries to India and Africa, as if there was not enough wretches at home to give employment to all her apostles. Aware of the overwhelming influence now exercised by public opinion, in this reading age, all the ingenuity of sophistry and hypocrisy is employed to secure the good will of the honest and well meaning, who, let people say what they will, we believe, always constitute the majority of mankind. If they do not, on what foundation rest the laws of every country, and the rights of every people? Who is to enforce the one, and protect the other, if the majority are opposed to them? And opposed they certainly will be, since it is the nature of bad men to hate laws and disregard the rights of others.

In pursuance of this plan, and knowing full well the influence of religion on the human mind, which we do not hesitate to say, in answer to the calumnies so often uttered against mankind, is universal, since all nations cherish religion, in proportion as Heaven has vouchsafed to enlighten them:-Aware of this, England has erected herself as the sole patentee and patroness of re

ligion. The immodest and ostentatious manner in which she attempts to sustain this character is disgusting in the extreme. The name of the Deity, which ought never to be mentioned without reverence, is now foisted into every inquiry by a certain class of writers. It is coupled with all the views of ambition, avarice and hypocrisy: under its sanction the character of other nations is as sailed with the most unblushing scurrility; they are charged with being unprincipled, unbelieving and immoral, because they stand in the way of some ministerial project, or oppose some favourite plan of political aggrandizement. The hollow-hearted Pharisee, praying at the corners of the streets, that all might hear him, was but a type of that nation, which carries the bible in one hand, the sword in the other-sends missionaries to convert the Bramins, and armies to exterminate the Nepaulese-builds churches at home, and repairs heathen temples abroad-which exemplifies its love of faith, by imposing on the belief of others, and exercises its charity, in impeaching the motives, and slandering the character of all the rest of mankind.

FOR THE AMERICAN NAVAL CHRONICLE.

TO THE YOUNG OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN NAVY.

YOUNG GENTLEMEN,

PERMIT an old and sincere friend to the honour and prosperity of the navy to offer you a few plain rules for your government, either on ship board or on shore. Much of the prosperity of young men, and particularly of young officers, depends on their deportment, not only while on duty, but on shore, where they are especially called upon to support their characters as gentlemen. The following rules, it is believed, will attain both these ends.

When you are appointed a midshipman, you are immediately to consider yourself a man, and, for this purpose, you are never to be seen reading, or engaged in any branch of knowledge whatever, as this would derogate from the dignity of your character. You are especially to take every possible pains to learn to chew tobacco, and, that people may know you are master of this indis

juggernaut.

pensible accomplishment, you will take special care to spit in the most conspicuous manner.

N. B. The sooner you get a black eye, and a huge pair of whiskers, the better.

When on shore, take every opportunity of kicking up a row, and dont be ashamed of being clapt in the watch house, as this shows a most unofficer-like modesty, and brings your courage inte question.

Always wear your hat on one side, in a knowing style; and, while on shore, be sure to take lodgings in the most conspicuous tavern, where you can stand on the steps, and stare modest women out of countenance, or tip those of another class a knowing wink, that every body may see you are acquainted with them.

N. B. If you were now and then to be seen in the third row of the theatre, it would go a great way to make you pass for a

man.

Whenever you are in a public place, be sure to make as much noise as you can, and break as many rules of decorum as possible, for this will cause people to take proper notice of you.

Never employ the time of your furlough in going to school, because this will lessen the dignity of your station; and it is better to be ignorant than pass for a boy.

Take every opportunity to d-n your eyes and limbs; for this will make you pass for an experienced seaman.

Never blush; for this will infallibly ruin your character as a knowing lad, who has seen the world, kept his watch, boxed the compass, and crossed the line.

Always endeavour to get in debt to the purser at sea, and the landlord on shore, more than you can pay: never pay any debts but those you cannot help; and always get on shore, to spend money, in preference to staying on board, to save it, as this will show a manly spirit.

When you are on duty, on board the ship, in order to get the reputation of a good disciplinarian, you must use the seamen like dogs: never give them a good word, or look pleased with any thing they do; for this only spoils them, and makes them saucy and inattentive.

Always appear busy about nothing-bustle around the ship, and, if you find a sailor comfortably seated any where, rouse him

up, blast his limbs, and set him to work about any thing, no matter whether necessary or not.

Make it a point to have a spite against some one of the crew, in order that you may have somebody to vent your spleen upon. Keep a sharp look out-make him work twice as much as any body else, and reward him by finding fault with every thing he does. Be sure to stand over him, and d-n his eyes for doing a thing wrong, before he has done it at all. By this means you will confuse the poor fellow until he really blunders; and then you have a fair opportunity, if not of giving him the rope's end, at least of administering a sly pinch or two.

Never take much pains to learn your duty as a lieutenant, because, if you are set to hold a watch at night, and dont know how, you can always plead sickness, and get excused. I have known young gentlemen dispose of a whole cruise in this way.

Keep out of the way of service as much as you can, until your turn comes for promotion; then come out, and make a great noise, if you are passed over. I have known several succeed in this way, in making people believe they were treated with most erying injustice.

If you happen to get married, decline every service but that of the home department, until you are tired of your wife; and then demand of the secretary of the navy that some other officer, who has stuck to his duty, be displaced, to make room for you. If your request is not complied with, charge that officer with partiality, or being under undue influence.

Dont hesitate, when it suits your feelings, your views, or your caprice, to abuse any of the old officers of the navy, or find fault with their modes of sailing, governing or fighting their ships. This will give people an idea of your skill, show them how much more you know than they do, and convince them how they have been deceived in their estimation of those men.

N. B. Never hazard an opinion-let every thing be assertion; and, if people take offence at it, let them chew the cud, or fight. These are the principal rules necessary to constitute an accomplished officer; and I trust that they will be carefully perused, and properly appreciated, by all our young officers, who cannot fail of deriving benefit from the experience of an

OLD LIEUTENANT.

EXTRACTS.

A Journal of Science and the Arts. Nos. I. and II. Edited at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Published Quarterly. London: John Murray, 1816, 8vo. pp. 328.

WE announced this publication in the Analectic Magazine for July; but as the second number is much better than the first, we think our readers can have no objection to being introduced to it again. From the auspices under which it appears, emanating as it does from the Royal Institution-and from the persons who have engaged to supply its pages; consisting not only of the most active persons belonging to that Institution (such as Sir H. Davy, Mr. Thomas Brande, &c.) but of various literary and scientific gentlemen in different parts of the British empire, the Quarterly Journal promises to be one of the first periodical works of the present day. No expense is spared in composing its contents; and accordingly, all accounts of new inventions, or new modifications of old ones, every article, in short, which requires illustrative diagrams is accompanied with an appropriate plate. As this great expensiveness, with the additional consideration that, to the bulk of American readers, the whole of its pages would not be very interesting, will doubtless prevent its total republication in this country, we shall, in future, extract such articles as we think will be of practical utility in our own domestic economy, accompanying them with all the plates and diagrams which we find in the original, or which their illustration requires. For this number we present our readers with a paper and plate relative to a new invented gasometer, which, as they will perceive, is intended to remedy, and does actually remedy, all the defects of the common apparatus, in regulating the admission and escape of gas. It was invented with a particular reference to the illumination of streets and public buildings, by means of carburetted gas; and as some of our large cities have already undertaken to illumine their streets in this manner an example which, cre long we hope, they will all imi