infult, is inftantly punished by blows of the kandjur or the mufket; while among the inhabitants of the towns, it only excites injurious retorts. This delicacy has occafioned in their manners and difcourfe, a referve, or, if you will, a politeness, which one is aftonished to difcover among pealants. It is carried even to diffimulation and faltehood, efpecially among the chiefs, whofe greater interefts demand greater attentions. Circumfpection is neceffary to all, from the formidable confequences of that retaliation of which I have fpoken. Thefe cuftoms may appear barbarous to us; but they have the merit of fupplying the deficiency of regular juftice, which is neceffarily tedious and uncertain in thefe diforderly and almoft anarchical go vernments. The Druzes have another point of honour that of hofpitality. Whoever prefents himself at their door in the quality of a fuppliant or paffenger, is fure of being entertained with lodging and food, in the most generous and unaffected manner. I have often feen the lowest peasants give the last morfel of bread they had in their houfes to the hungry traveller; and when I obferved to them that they wanted prudence, their anfwer was: "God is liberal "and great, and all men are bre"thren." There are, therefore, no inns in this country, any more than in the reft of Turkey. When they have once contracted with their gueft, the facred engagement of bread and falt, no fubfequent event can make them violate it: various inftances of this are related, which do honour to their character. A few years ago, an Aga of the Janiffaries, having been engaged in a rebellion, fled from Damafcus, and retired among the Druzes. The Pacha was informed of this, and demanded him of the Emir, threatening to make war on him in cafe of refufal. The Emir demanded him of the Shaik Talhouk, who had received him; but the indignant Shaik replied, "When have you "known the Druzes deliver up "their guests? Tell the Emir, "that, as long as Talhouk fhall preferve his beard, not a hair of "the head of his fuppliant fhall "fall!" The Emir threatened him with force; Talhouk armed his family. The Emir, dreading a revolt, adopted a method practifed as juridical in that country. He declared to the Shaik, that he would cut down fifty mulberry-trees a day, until he fhould give up the Aga. He proceeded as far as a thoufand, and Talhouk ftill remained inflexible. At length, the other Shaiks, enraged, took up the quarrel, and the commotion was about to become general, when the Aga, reproaching himfelf with being the cause of fo much mischief, made his escape, without the knowledge even of Talhouk *. The Druzes have alfo the prejudices * I have found in an Arabic manufcript, another anecdote, which, though foreign to my present fubject, I think too excellent to be omitted. "In the time of the Califs," fays the author, when Abdalah, the shedder "of blood, had murdered every defcendant of Ommiah within his reach, one of that family, named Ibrahim, the fon of Soliman, fon cf Abd-el-Malek, had the good fortune to escape, and reach Koufa, which he entered in difguife. Knowing no perfon in whom he could confide, he fat down under the portico of a large judices of the Bedouins refpecting birth; like them, they pay great refpect to the antiquity of families; but this produces no effential inconveniences: The nobility of the Emirs and Shaiks does not exempt them from paying tribute, in proportion to their revenues. It confers on them no prerogatives, either in the attainment of landed property, or public employments. In this country, no more than in all Turkey, are they acquainted with gamelaws, or glebes, or feigniorial, or ecclefiaftical tithes, franc fiefs or alienation fines; every thing is held, as I have faid, in freehold: every man, after paying his miri and his rent, is mafter of his property. In short, by a particular privilege, the Druzes and Maron ites pay no fine for their fucceffion; nor does the Emir, like the Sultan, arrogate to himfelf original and univerfal property there exifts, nevertheless, in the law of inherit ❝ was. ance, an imperfection which produces difagreeable effects. Fathers have, as in the Roman law, the power of preferring fuch of their children as they think proper ; hence it has happened, in feveral families of the Shaiks, that the whole property has centered in the fame perfon, who has perverted it to the purpose of intriguing and caballing, while his relations remain, as they well exprefs it, princes of olives and cheese; that is to say, poor as pealants. In confequence of their prejudices, the Druzes do not choose to make alliances out of their own families. They invariably prefer their relation, though poor, to a rich ftranger; and poor pealants have been known to refufe their daughters to merchants of Saide and Bairout, who poffeffed from twelve to fifteen thoufand piafters. They obferve alfo, to a certain degree, the cuftom of the Hebrews, which directed that "large houfe. Soon after the mafter arriving, followed by feveral fervants, "alighted from his horf, entered, and, feeing the ftranger, afked him who he I am an unfortunate man, replies Ibrahim, and request from thee an afylum. God protect thee, faid the rich man; enter, and remain in peace Ibrahim lived feveral months in this houfe, without being queftioned by his hoft. But, aftonished to fee hi.n every day go out on horfeback, and return, at "the fame hour, he ventured one day to enquire the reafon-I have been in"formed, replied the rich man, that a perfon named Ibrahim, the fon of Soliman, is concealed in this town; he has flain my father, and I am fearching for him to retaliate.---Then I knew, faid Ibrahim, that God had purpofely conducted me to that place; I adored his decree, and, refigning mylelf to "death, I answered,-God has determined to avenge thee, offended man; thy victim is at thy feet. The rich man, aftonished, replied,-O! ftranger! I fee "thy misfortunes have made thee weary of life; thou feckeft to lofe it, but my "hand cannot commit fuch a crime.I do not deceive thee, faid. Ibrahim; thy "father was fuch a one; we met each other in fuch a place, and the affair hap"pened in fuch and fuch a manner." A viclent trembling then feized the rich man; his teeth chattered as if from intense cold; his eyes alternately fparkled with fury, and overflowed with tears. In this agitation, he remained a long time; at length, turning to Ibrahim-To-morrow, faid he, deftiny thall join thee to my father, and God will have retaliated. But as for me, how can I violate the afylum of my houfe? Wretched ftranger, fly from my prefence! There, take thefe hundred fequins: begone quickly, and let me never behold thee more! a brother fhould efpouse his brother's widow; but this is not peculiar to them, for they retain that as well as feveral other customs of that ancient people, in common with other inhabitants of Syria, and all the Arab tribes. pipes in their mouths, and poni ards at their belts, they difcourfe of their various labours, the fcarcity or plenty of their harvefts, peace or war, the conduct of the Emir, or the amount of the taxes; they relate paft tranfactions, difcufs prefent interefts, and form conjectures on the future. Their children, tired with play, come frequently to liften; and a ftranger is surprised to hear them, at ten or twelve years old, recounting, with a ferious air, why Djezzar declared war against the Emir Youfef, how many purfes it coft that prince, what augmentation there will be of the miri, how many mufkets there were in the camp, and who had the best mare. This is their only education. They are neither taught to read the Pfalms, as among the Maronites, nor the Koran, like the Mahometans; hardly do the Shaiks know how to write a letter. But if their mind be destitute of useful or agreeable information, at least, it is not pre-occupied by falfe and hurtful ideas; and, without doubt, such natural ignorance is well worth all our artificial folly. This advantage refults from it, that their understandings being nearly on a level, the inequality of conditions is lefs perceptible. For, in fact, we do not perceive among the Druzes that great diftance which, in moft other focieties, degrades the inferior, without contributing to the advantage of the great. All, whether Shaiks or peasants, treat each other with that rational familiarity, which is equally remote from rudeness and fervility. The grand Emir himself is not a different man from the reft: he is a good country gentleman, who does not difdain admitting to his table the meaneft farmer. In a In fhort, the proper and diftinctive character of the Druzes is, as I have faid, a fort of republican fpirit, which gives them more energy than any other fubjects of the Turkish government, and an indifference for religion, which forms a ftriking contraft with the zeal of the Mahometans and Chriftians. In other refpects, their private life, their customs and prejudices, are the fame with other Orientals. They may marry feveral wives, and repudiate them when they chufe; but, except by the Emir and a few men of eminence, that is rarely practifed. Occupied with their rural labours, they experience neither artificial wants, nor thofe inordinate paffions, which are produced by the idleness of the inhabitants of cities and towns. The veil, worn by their women, is of itself a prefervative against those defires which are the occafion of so many evils in fociety. No man knows the face of any other woman than his wife, his mother, his fifter, and fifters-in-law. Every man lives in the bofom of his own family, and goes little abroad. The women, thofe even of the Shaiks, make the bread, roaft the coffee, wash the linen, cook the victuals, and perform all domeftic offices. The men cultivate their lands and vineyards, and dig canals for watering them. In the evening they fometimes affemble in the court, the area, or houfe of the chief of the village or family. There, feated in a circle, with legs croffed, word, word, their manners are thofe of ancient times, and that ruftic life, which marks the origin of every nation; and prove the people among whom they are ftill found are, as yet, only in the infancy of the focial state. Remarkable Speech of Logan, a Mingo Chief, to Lord Dunmore, when Governor of Virginia.-Extracted from Mr. Jefferion's Obfervations on Buffon's Remarks on the Indians of North America. In order to the better understanding of the following Speech, Mr. Jeffer fon introduces it by firft ftating the following Circumstances which gave Rife to it. IN N the fpring of the year 1774, a robbery and murder were committed on an inhabitant of the frontiers of that state, by two Indians of the Shawance tribe. The neighbouring whites, according to their cuftom, undertook to punish this outrage in a fummary way. Col. Crefap, a man infamous for the many murders he had committed on thofe much-injured people, collected a party, and proceeded down the Kanhaway in queft of vengeance. Unfortunately a canoe of women and children, with one man only, was feen coming from the oppofite fhore, unarmed, and unfufpecting a hoftile attack from the whites. Crefap and his party concealed themfelves on the bank of the river, and the moment the canoe reached the fhore, fingled out their objects, and, at one fire, killed every perfon in it. This happened to be the family of Logan, who had long been diftinguish ed as a friend of the whites. This unworthy return provoked his vengeance. He accordingly fignalized himself in the war which enfued. In the autumn of the fame year, a decifive battle was fought at the mouth of the Great Kanhaway, between the collected forces of the Shawanees, Mingoes, and Delawares, and a detachment of the Virginia militia. The Indians were defeated, and fued for peace. Logan, however, difdained to be feen among the fuppliants. But, left the fincerity of a treaty fhould be diftrusted, from which fo diftinguished a chief abfented himself, he fent by a meffenger the following fpeech, to be delivered to Lord Dunmore :" I appeal to any white man to fay, if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not meat; if ever he came cold and naked, and he cloathed him not. During the course of the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen pointed as they paffed, and faid, Logan is the friend of white men.' I had even thought to have lived with you, but for the injuries of one man, Col, Crefap, the laft fpring, in cold blood, and unprovoked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not fpar ing even my women and children. There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature. This called on me for revenge. I have fought it: I have killed many: I have fully glutted my vengeance. For my country I rejoice at the beams of peace. But do not harbour a thought that mine is the joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his heel to fave his life.-Who is there to mourn for Logan -Not one.' The Story of Angelica. From a philofophical, historical, and moral Ejay on Old Maids, by a Friend to the Sisterhood. NGELICA was the only unequal a match; they even foretold, as Eumenes was particularly attentive to Angelica, and often alone with her, that the young gentleman would foon fettle himself in life, by eloping with the heiress. A child of a way gentle. Her guardian, who governed all his man, who having loft his wife, and household by gentleness and affecdying himself during the infancy of tion, had too much confidence in his his daughter, left her, with an eftate ward to apprehend fuch an event: of about a thoufand a year, to the but he began to think, that a serious care of his most intimate friend, a and mutual paffion was taking root man of great integrity and benevo- in the bofom of each party; an opilence, with a moderate fortune and a nion in which he was confirmed, by numerous family. Angelica grew obferving, that while his daughter up in the most affectionate intimacy was engaged in a distant vifit of with all the children of her excellent fome weeks, Eumenes continued to guardian; but her favourite friend frequent the house with his ufual afwas his eldest daughter, whom we fiduity, and feemed to court the fowill call Fauftina. She was born ciety of Angelica. The old genin the fame year with Angelica, tleman was, however, mistaken in and poffeffed the fame intelligent one part of his conjecture; for Eufweetness of temper, with the ad- menes only fought the company of ditional advantages of a beautiful Angelica as the fenfible and pleafing countenance and a majeftic perfon. friend of his abfent favourite: but Angelica had never any claim to as he had not yet confeffed his love, either of thefe perfections: her fta- the gentle Angelica, like her guarture was rather below the common dian, mifinterpreted his affiduity, fize, and her features, though fof- and conceived for him the tendereft tened by modefty, and animated by affection; which, with her ufual a lively under flanding, were neither franknefs, the determined to impart regular nor handfome; but, from to her dear Fauftina, as foon as the the tenor of her life, it may be quef- returned. From this refolution fhe tioned, if any female ever poffeffed was accidentally diverted by a joya more beautiful foul. At the age ous confufion, which difcovered itof twenty-three fhe continued to re- felf both in the features and behafide in the houfe of her guardian, viour of Fauftina, who, on the very when a young man of a pleafing day of her return, eagerly put a lerperfon and moft engaging manners, ter into the hand of Angelica, and to whom we will give the name of requested her to read it in her chamEumenes, became a very affiduous ber, while he flew to converfe in vifitor at that houfe. He was a man private with her father on its im. of the fairest character, but of a nar- portant contents. The letter was row fortune; and many good peo- from Eumenes. It contained a pafple, who fuppofed him enamoured of fionate declaration of his attachment Angelica's eitate, began to cenfure to Fauftina, and a very romantic the guardian of that lady for encou plan to facilitate their speedy marraging the preliminary steps to fo riage. What the feelings of Ange |