POPULATION, &C. The population of this county consisted, according to the late returns, of 117,230 persons, viz. 54,377 males, and 62,853 females, of whom 18,387 were returned as being employed in trades and manufactures, and 21,062 in agriculture. Cumberland returns six members to parliament, viz. two for the county, two for the city of Carlisle, and two for the borough of Cockermouth. RIVERS. The rivers and smaller streams in this county are very numerous, the principal are the Eden, the Eamont, the Duddon, the Ehen, the Derwent, the Greata, the Cocker, the Ellen, the Waver, the Wampool, the Caldew, the Peteril, the Esk, the Liddal, the Line or Leven, the Irthing, and the Gelt. The Eden, which is one of the most considerable rivers in the north of England, rises in the moors of Westmoreland near the borders of Yorkshire; and after receiving several tributary streams, enters Cumberland at its confluence with the Eamont, and taking a north-westerly direction, after passing Kirkoswold, and Carlisle, flows into the Solway Frith near Rockcliffe Marsh. This river produces fine trout, and various other kinds of fish, but particularly salmon, which are very plentiful, and of an excellent quality. The Eamont flows from the lake of Ullswater, near Pooley Bridge, proceeds in a south-easterly direction, through a pleasant wooded vale, to the Eden, into which it falls, at the south-east extremity of the county. The Duddon is a small river, rising near the borders of Westmoreland and Lancashire, and flowing southwardly, forms a boundary between Cumber land and the last-mentioned county from its source to its confluence with the sea, which flows near nine B 2 miles miles up its channel. This river abounds in fish particularly salmon, trout, cod, and flounders. The Ehen rises in those mountains which surround Borrowdale, and, after having formed itself into the lake called Ennerdale Water, proceeds in a semicircular direction, through the pleasant dales of Ennerdale and Kenniside, to Egremont, and then flows southward through a flat country into the sea. The Derwent rises in Borrowdale, a large valley south of Keswick, and running along the hills, called Derwent Fells, forms a lake, bearing its name, at the north end of which stands the town of Keswick; thence the Derwent flows through the middle of the country, and passing by Cockermouth, falls into the Irish Sea, near a small market-town called Workington. The Greata is formed by the junction of two small rivers, called Glendera-maken, and the Bure, the former of which rises on the Saddleback, and after winding round Souter Fell, flows through the vale of Grisdale and Threlkeld, a little below which it unites with the Bure, a river rising near Dunmailraise, and after forming the lake of Thirlmere, pur sues a rapid course through the vale of St. John, where, uniting its waters with the former river, it forms the Greata, which rushes along a narrow glen, passes Keswick, and falls into the Derwent. The Cocker rises in a mountain near the blacklead mines, and after flowing through the lakes of Buttermere and Crummock, continues its progress northward; dividing the vale of Lorton, and after leaving the mountains, and flowing through a more open country, falls into the Derwent at Cockermouth. The Ellen, which is a small river, rises on Caldbeck fells, and after receiving several tributary streams, which issue from the range of hills which form the western boundary of the Derwent, passes Udale Udale and Ireby, and flowing in a westerly direction through an open vale, falls into the sea at Maryport. The Waver and the Wampool, rise among the fells about Brocklebank; the former, after passing through a low tract of country, falls into the sandy estuary of the Wampool, which flows more eastward, and at length carries its waters into Solway Firth. The Caldew rises on the south-east side of Skiddaw, and after being joined by several smaller streams, from the neighbouring fells, pursues a northerly direction by Hesket New-Market to Carlisle, at which place it joins the Eden, after a course of about 24 miles. The Peteril is composed of several streams, the chief of which issue from the neighbourhood of Graystock Park, Skelton, and Hutton; these streams, after having formed a junction, descend northward towards Carlisle, near which this river falls into the Eden. The Esk, which is a large river, rises in Scotland, and enters this county at a place called the Moat, and flowing through a beautiful vale, passes Longtown, and continuing its course in a westerly direction, falls into the Solway Frith. Great quantities of salmon are taken in this river. "Majestic o'er the steeps, with murmuring roar, Maurice. The Liddal enters this county from Scotland, at Kirshope Foot, where it receives the waters of Kirshope rivulet; and, after traversing a wild country, along a rocky channel, flows into the Esk, near its entrance into Cumberland. The Leven derives its origin from several foun tains among the gloomy hills of Nichol Forest and Bewcastle; the two principal branches, however, rise near Christenbury craggs: these having received several smaller streams in their course, unite near Stapleton Church; from whence, having been increased by several brooks, it winds, in a serpentine manner, through some pleasant vales, till it forms a junction with the Esk, a few miles above Solway Frith. The Irving rises in the bleak hills which divide this county from Northumberland, and proceeding in a southerly direction, forms a boundary between the two counties for several miles; and after winding round Spade Adam Waste, from whence it derives an increase from several streams, from that barren district it proceeds westerly towards the Eden, into which it falls near Newby. The Gelt springs from Croglin Fell, and after passing through Geltsdale forest, issues from the fells below Castle-carrock, aud after having its current swelled by Castle-carrock Beck, and the brook that flows from Talkingtarn, continues its rapid progress, till it falls into the Irving near Edmond Castle. CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISIONS. Cumberland is divided into five wards, viz. Eskdale, Cumberland, Leath, Allerdale below Derwent, and Allerdale above Derwent. These are subdivided into 112 parishes, containing one city, 17 towns, and 22,445 houses. Cumberland. is included in the province of York; the ward of Allerdale above Derwent being in the diocese of Chester, all the other parts of the county in that of Carlisle. It is included in the Northern circuit. TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE Journey from Kirkandrews to Penrith; through KIRKANDREWS is a small town, situated on the borders of Scotland, on the banks of the Liddel, 315 miles from London, and containing 125 houses, and 573 inhabitants. Proceeding southward, at the distance of about a mile from Kirkandrews, on the left of our road, is NETHERBY, the seat of Sir James Graham, Bart. This place is celebrated for the many improvements which were made, during the last century; as well as the number of Roman remains, which are preserved here; from its having been itself a Roman station; and from its contiguity to Esica, which is supposed to have stood in its vicinity. This estate, which forms the barony of Lyddel, in the reign of King John, became the property of the Stutevilles, but whose male issue failing in the time of Henry III. their estates were conveyed to Hugh de Wake, by his marriage with Joan, heiress of Nicholas de Stuteville: Margaret, a descendant from the Wakes, married Edward Plantagenet, earl of Kent, whose daughter Joan became the wife of Edward the Black Prince, by which the barony is supposed by some historians to have become vested in the crown, others, however, affirm, that it was purchased of the earl of Kent by his father Edward III.; by whom it is said to have been annexed to the duchy of Lancaster. James I. soon after his accession, granted this among other manors to George Clifford, earl of Cumberland, whose successor, Francis, sold them to Sir Richard Graham, ancester to the present owner. Mr. Horsley observes that "the remarkable station at Netherby, is certainly Castra Exploratorum; |