fine earthen vessels, the head of a spear, and sandals of leather stuck full of nails.

Kirkby Thor has been supposed to retain the name of the god Thor, whose figure was thought to be found on a singular coin, late in Mr. Thoresby's museum. The characters on the reverse are Rhunic, and were read by Dr. Hickes, Thor gut luntis, and explained by Bishop Nicholson, the face of the god Thor, but by Dr. Hickes, Thor, the national God, to whom also the moon and the stars concurred to, accompany them.

About three miles to the north-east of Kirkby Thor is Howgill Castle, the mansion of Milbourn manor. Some of its walls are ten feet and a half thick, and under it are great arched vaults. In this manor, near a place called Green Castle, a round fort with deep trenches about it, on the south end of Dunfell, was found an altar, inscribed DEO SILVANO.

Returning to our road, at the distance of two miles from Kirkby Thor, we pass through the village of Crackenthorpe, in the neighbourhood of which are several considerable camps, and many antiquities have been found hereabouts, which were preserved by Mr. Thomas Machel, brother to Hugh Machel, lord of the manor.

About two miles beyond Crackenthorpe, we arrive at APPLEBY, which was formerly of considerable extent; but a great part of it having been destroyed by the Scots, it is now reduced to a small but pleasant town. It is supposed by Camden to have been the Roman station Aballaba, which the sound countenances. It is a neat compact town, situated on the Eden, which almost surrounds it, and consists of one broad street, and three smaller, with one of the best markets in the county, held on Saturday. It is the only borough in Westmoreland, and sends two members to parliament. It is likewise a corporate town, consisting of a mayor, recorder, twelve alder

men,

men, sixteen common council, two chamberlains, two serjeants, and two beadles.

Here is an excellent free grammar-school, founded by Queen Elizabeth; the standing salary is about 120l. per annum. The number of scholars is from 60 to 70; but has often been known to have near a hundred. At this school were bred Bishops Barlow, Bedel, and Smith, the latter of whom was a great benefactor.

There is also an hospital here, endowed by the Countess of Pembroke, for thirteen poor widows, who used to receive about five pounds per annum each; but, by the improvement of the estate for its endowment, it is now advanced to eight guineas each, and the mother of the hospital ten guineas, which is regularly paid quarterly by the steward to the Earl of Thanet, with a cart load of coals to each every Christmas.

In the church, which is small, is a beautiful monumental figure of Margaret, countess of Cumberland, with these comprehensive lines under the epi taph:

"Who Faith, Love, Mercy, noble Constancy, To God, to Virtue, to Distress, to Right, Observ'd, express'd, shew'd, held religiously,

Hath here this monument thou seest in sight, The cover of her earthly part; but, passenger, Know Heaven and Fame contain the best of her."

There is also an altar-tomb for her daughter; over which is a tablet, with the succession and arms of the lords and earls of Westmoreland, from Robert Vipont to herself. This church, and that of Bon. gate adjoining, were repaired by the liberality of the Countess of Pembroke.

Here was a house of White Friars, said to have been founded by Lord Vesey, Lord Percy, and Lord Clifford; which was granted at the dissolution to Christopher Crackenthorp.

The

The assizes are held in the town hall, a spacious and convenient edifice, and the judges lodge in the castle, an ancient building, formerly belonging to the Countess of Pembroke, but now to the Earl of Thanet, whose steward resides in it. The steep on whose brow this noble edifice is erected, is richly clothed with wood; save only where a ruggid cliff of a red hue breaks through the trees, and gives an agreeable variety to the landscape. The front of the castle is irregular and antique; but loses great share of its beauty by the joints of the building be❤ ing whitened with lime. Over this front the top of a fine square tower is discovered, whose corners rise in turrets; the landscape to the left is richly wooded; to the right it is divided by hanging gardens, which adjoin the town, overtopped with dwellings. The prospect from the terrace, which is under the eastern front, is very beautiful. To the right the river Eden forms a winding lake, the distance of half a mile, whose banks are clothed with lofty hanging woods, descending in a swift but regular sweep to the brink of the stream. On the left, lofty cliffs and precipices arise perpendicular from the water, over whose brows oaks and ashes hanging render their aspect more romantic by the solemn shade.On the ground above, the public road leading to the town, winds up the hill, on whose side some cottages are scattered; whilst all behind the distant ground is formed by mountains, shadowed with clouds.

Appleby has several evidences of its ancient splendour. Henry the First gave it privileges equal to York; that city's charter being granted, as is pretended, in the forenoon, and this in the afternoon, of the same day. Henry II. granted them another charter of like immunities, as did Henry III. in whose time here was an Exchequer. These privileges were in all points like those of York, and confirmed by succeeding kings, When it was first go

verned by a mayor does not appear; but here was one in the reign of Edward I. with two provosts, who seem to have been formerly equal to sheriffs or bailiffs, and signed the public acts of the town with the mayor, though now they only attend him witn halberts. Bromton mentions Aplebyschire, which seems to imply that it had then sheriffs of its own, as most cities had, though now they are called bailiffs. For in the second of Edward I. in a confirmation-charter to Shap Abbey, we find this subscription: Teste Thoma filio Johannis tunc vicecomite de Apelby. The Scotch wars by degrees reduced this town it was burnt in the twenty-second year of Henry II. and again in the eleventh of Richard II. when of 2,200 burgages by due computation of the fee-farm rents, there remained not above one-tenth, as appears by inquisitions in the town-chest. Sinee that time it never recovered itself; but lay dismembered, like so many separate villages, which could not be known except by records to have belonged to the same body. For though Burgh-gate is spoken of as the principal street, yet Bon-gate, Battle-burgh, Don-gate, Scatter-gate, are all members of it, and that it was anciently of greater extent appears from the Burrals, near a mile from it, which word being a corruption of Burrow-walls, may prove its having been walled about, because the town walls of Bath are called Burrals; and ruins of buildings have been dug up two or three miles from the present town, which, according to the late returns, consists of 121 houses, and 711 inhabitants; viz. 344 males, and 367 females, of which number only 74 were returned as being employed in trade, no particular manufacture being carried on in the town.

The Viponts and Cliffords (ancestors on the mother's side to the Earls of Thanet) have been lords of the country, and flourished at this place for upwards of 400 years.

Christopher Bambridge, archbishop of York, and cardinal

cardinal priest of the Romish church, was born at Hilton, near Appleby, about the latter end of the reign of Henry VI. He received his education at Queen's College, Oxford, where he took up his degrees, and entered into orders. His first preferment was the rectory of Aller, in the diocese of Bath and Wells; after which he rose to be prebendary of Salisbury, provost of Queen's College, dean of Windsor, master of the rolls, bishop of Durham, and last of all, in the year 1508, was promoted to the see of York.

Being sent by Henry VIII. some years after he received this dignity, on an embassy to Pope Julius II. he was advanced by that pontiff to the dignity of cardinal, by the title of St. Praxede; but when he was preparing to return to England, some dispute having arisen between him and his cook, he was so irritated that he struck him, and in revenge the cook conveyed poison into his victuals, which put a period to his existence. He died on the 14th of July, in the year 1514, and was buried in the English church of St. Thomas, at Rome.

Resuming our journey, at the distance of five miles from Appleby, we pass, on our right, the village of WARCOP, which gave name to a family so early as the reign of King John, and was afterwards possessed by the Braithwaits: this village affords an agreeable view. Warcup Hall (the seat of W. S. Preston, Esq. lord of the manor), shrouded with a rich grove of sycamores, overtops the village; the mea dows, with some extensive fields of corn, contrasted by the hills of pasture ground, which lie on the southern side, tufted with brush-wood, give a pleasing variety.

Returning to our road, after passing Brough Hill, the valley, growing more extensive, exhibits a new scene of cultivation and husbandry; large tracts of ground, which were formerly common, are now divided and formed into inclosures. Three tumuli of different