a caufe fo juft as that in which the is forced to defend herself." Since the Declaration of War on both fides, the intelligence from the refpective fleets and armies of the two Empires has been various and uncertain. What may be credited is, that the fhips in the Black Sea have fuffered feverely by a ftorm: a Ruffian fhip of 64 guns, nearly difmafted, had fallen into the hands of the Turks, being driven by the tempeft to the necef fity of taking fhelter in the port of Conftantinople, where, fome advices fay, the crew (to the number of 750) were put in irons. Of her whole complement more than 250 had perished before the reached the port. Befides this fhip of the line, fix other men of war, large, new, and well-equipped Ships, are faid to have perifhed in the ftorm. This fevere blow has completely difabled the Ruffians for a time from acting against the Ottoman Porte by fea. The Ottomans commit numerous outrages against the Chriftians in Moldavia, who fly in numbers for fafety to the Emperor's dominions. And, by letters from Bohopol, on the borders of the Black Sca, the Turks have made an incurfion into Orlic, where they committed great cruelties, pillaged the country, and carried off many thoufand horfes belonging to the Coffacks. Three Ambaffadors from Tippo Saib, the ally of France, are arrived at Conftantinople from the Indies, accompanied by a numerous retinue, and have brought prefents of immenfe value to the Grand Signior. St Petersburg, Oct. 26. On Sunday laft a messenger arrived here from Prince Potemkin, with the news of a victory obtained over the Turks, at an attack which they made upon Kinburn, on the night of the 11th inftant, by a detachment of 5000 men, who landed near that fortrefs from Otfchakow; and although the garrifon was inferior in number, upwards of 4000 Turks were killed or wounded, and the remainder with difficulty efcaped to their boats. The number of flain or wounded on the fide of the Ruffians did not exceed four hundred; but feveral officers loft their lives on this occasion, and Generals Souwarow and Reck, who had the principal command, were dangerously wounded. Upon the arrival of this agreeable intelligence, Te Deum was fung in all the churches of this capital, and the cannons were fired from the fortrefs. L. Gaz. AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS. A courier returned from Vienna has brought a confirmation of the decree given the 22d of the month by General Murray. The Emperor has, at the fame time, granted that officer leave to retire as he requested, affuring him he was perfectly fatisfied with his conduct, and as a proof of it his Majefty made him a prefent of 12,000 German florins. He will be fucceeded in the place of Governor General of the Low Countries ad interim by Count Trantmansdorff, and in the general command of the armies by Count Alton, who, on this occafion, has been raised from the rank of a Lieutenant General to that of General of Infantry. Letters of a later date announce the arrival of his Excellency Count Trantmansdorff, who has conducted affairs with fo much judgement and affability, as to gain the approbation of all ranks; and particularly the clergy, by whom the general feminaries of Louvain and Luxemburgh are placed upon fuch a footing as to prontife a permanent establishment. HOLLAND. The Rhingrave of Salm, against whom the States of Holland and Weft Friefland had determined to proceed with the utmoft rigour for defertion, there is reafon to believe, is now in fafety at Grumback, a feat on his own eftate, where Lieut. Hackeribracht, of the legion of Salm, fled in great hafte from Amfterdam. On the 11th of October, the States of Holland and Weft Friefland refolved that the perfons profcribed by her R. H. the Princefs of Orange fhould never be reftored, but fhould for ever remain dif qualified from holding any place of trust under the government of their country. On the 15th, the Burgomafters and Counsellors of Amfterdam having refol ved, in the prefent critical circumftances of the city, to demand of their Noble and Great Mightineffes a garrifon of fome troops of the States, in order to haften the departure of thofe of his Pruffian Majefty, their Noble and Great Mightieffes granted their requeft; of which the Magiftracy thought proper to inform the good citi zens and inhabitants, hoping every good Burgher would by moderate and quiet conduct fecond the falutary end propofed. On the contrary, thofe who oppofe it are to be regarded as difturbers of the public peace, and be punifhed feverely, even in a corporal manner, as the cafe requires. In confequence of which, a battalion of Swifs guards has entered that city; like Difficulty in difarming the Citizens of Amfterdam. wife the regiments of horse guards from the Hague, the Orange Naflau regiment, and 100 Pruffian cavalry, in all 2500 men. Their Noble and Great Might ineffes, at the inftance of his Serene Highnefs the Prince Stadtholder, have published a like order for the prefervation of the public peace, whereby the breaking of windows, pillaging of houfes, or obftructing the collectors of taxes in their duty, are made capital offences, as is likewife the delivering any one up malicioufly to the Pruffian troops. This laft feems to want explanation. The 18th a Deputation from the City Council was fent to the Duke of Brunfwick, and received from him the follow ing note: 66 "I confider the diffolution of the Council of War, and the re-inftatement of the old Colonels, Captains, and other Officers, and that of the Company of Burghers, by the individuals of that corps, who were removed under various pretences in the late disturbances, as indifpenfably neceffary and leading to the principal objects for the fatisfaction and reftoration of peace. "If any individual should thereby think himself injured, he may present his grievances at a proper place. I must add further, that I expect without delay, that thefe matters be put in execution between this and the 23d inftant. It would grieve me much that by a further delay I fhould be compelled to take fuch measures, which I have on my part made it appear to you that I have been careful to avoid. C. G. F. REIGNUM. Gen. Head-Quarters, at Overtoom, Oct. 18, 1787. The following day the Deputies reported the refult of their commiffions: and it was refolved" to authorife and request the Burgomeefteren to carry into execution, as foon as poffible, the resolution of their High Mightineffes, and to fee that the contents of the faid note be punctually complied with." On which the Burgomeefteren fent to each of the Colonels orders accordingly. "Gentlemen, 459 "You are fully apprifed of the confequences and neceffity there is for difarming that part of the militia unconftitutionally armed, and cannot but be convinced of the concern I take in the inftruction which in that respect you caufed to be published on the 19th inftant. I requeft, Gentlemen, that you render me an account of the fire-arms that have been delivered up to you; and whether the number of fide-arms given up, answers. to the number of perfons that were provided with them. I make no doubt, but that you have taken the requisite steps for the fulfilling of your orders, within the time agreed between us. Signed as before." On the 22d they had received orders from the Hague, at Haerlem, to difarm the citizens, and to depofit the arms in the Hotel de Ville. From the 21ft to the 25th, the orders of his Highness, for counting the number of ball-cartouches, &c. that were re turned by the Burghers, who were compelled to lay down their arms, were carried into execution. On the 25th the States of Holland and Weft Friefland, who had continued fitting fince the 21ft, came to a refolution to thank the Courts of Versailles, London, and Berlin, for their proffered mediation, but which has not been accepted, as the differences are fettled. It was alfo proposed by the Deputies of Schoonhoven, to recall from America Mr Van Berkel, Minifter Plenipotentiary of the Republic to the United States, to which all the Members, except the towns of Dort, Haarlem, Amfterdam, and Rotterdam, (who have taken the affair ad referendum) agreed. A Refolution of the States of the pro vince of Utrecht has been remitted to the States General, which had been taken ad referendum by the Six other Provinces,viz. to endeavour to conclude defensive alliances more strong with the Crowns of England and Pruffia, on the fame footing that thofe engagements are equally concluded with France; and in cafe thofe powers fhould be equally inclined to enter into fuch definitive alliances, to propofe directly, among other things, on the part of their High Might ineffes, to thank the King of Pruffia by letters, for the deliverance procured for the Republic; and, at the fame time, in confideration that their Noble Mightineffes do not perceive that the Pruffian troops are going to quit the territory of the Re 3 L 2 public On the 20th, the venerable Council forbad the Burgeffes to patrole the streets in the night, and for the future the military are to be entrusted with that duty, The Burgeffes, to whom the City had given arms, delivered them up on the 19th. On the 21ft, the Burgomafters and Rulers of Amfterdam received a letter from his Highnefs the Duke, of which the following is the import: public, that they facilitate and propofe their retreat; but in cafe it should be found neceflary to retain the troops any longer, that in that cafe his Prufiian Majefty may be requested to leave a few regiments, only for a fixed time, in the foldiery, and under the government of the Republic. The city of Hoorn has made a propofition at the Affembly of the States of the Province, to vote a certain fun to be diftributed in fuch a manner among the troops under the command of the Duke of Brunfwick, as he fhall judge proper. This propofition, if agreed to, which moft probably will be the cafe, will fave the Pruffians the trouble of afking. de Cachet, and have made it a capital' The French Government, finding the immenfe torrents of British goods, which was poured in upon them, previous to the alarm of war, and the great difcontents which this circumftance has occafioned a mongft the manufacturing part of the nation, has taken the refolution to lay a hea vy inland duty of near thirty per cent. in the fame manner as the traites and gabelles are laid, viz. from county to county. This is not provided against in the Commercial Treaty; and if it takes place, which our correfpondent afferts must be Hague, Nov. 14. The States of Hol- the cafe, in order to prevent a rebellion, land have requested of the French Court the Commercial Treaty will, in fact, be to inform them, "By whofe authority it totally annihilated. was that French engineers were fent into the United Provinces ;" and it is more than probable, that the States-General will fpeedily make a fimilar requifition. If they do, and if it eventually appear, (as moft likely it will) that thofe engineers repaired to Holland in confequence of an order from the French Government, then the States will be furnished with an excelKent plea for breaking through that connection with the French nation, which has of late proved fo pernicious to the United Provinces. Thus by the affiftance of the Pruf. troops, the Stadtholder has certainly got reinftated in all his authority; and while thofe troops, who could frighten the military by their appearance, fland at the door, we muft naturally expect every refolution in the affembly to pass in his favour: but it would be an exceedingly erroneous conclufion to draw from thence that the mal-contents are fatisfied, and that harmony is perfectly reflored. The difinclination publicly fhewn to difarm, and the obftinate perfeverance of many refusing to comply with the repeated mandates iffued for that purpose, plainly evinces the contrary; and there is little doubt, that whenever the Prince of Orange's foreign friends quit the United States, faction will again rear her head, and domeftic foes appear ni abundance. FRANCE. The flame of liberty has burft forth in France with unprecedented violence, and the provinces are emulating one another in the boldness and energy of their proceedings. The Parliament of Grenoble have firuck at the root of the tyranny of the Crown. They have paffed an arret against the unconftitutional use of Lettres Paris, Nov. 20. Yefterday the King met his Parliament here. His Majefty carried with him two edicts to be regi tered; one for a new loan, the other for the re-eftablishment of Proteftants in all their ancient civil rights. Freedom of fpeech being permitted, a warm debate arofe upon the fubject of the loan, which lafted till his Majefty was tired. About fix in the evening, after fitting nine hours without refreshment, the King rofe, and ordered the edict to be registered. The Duke of Orleans protefted against the heat repeated his orders, left the aliemproceedings of the day. The King in bly, and arrived at Vertailles about 7 in the evening. Next day the Duke of Orleans was exiled to his feat at Ville Cotterel; and, notwithstanding that freedom of fpeech had been proclaimed, the Abbé Sabatier and another member were fent to prison. The Edict in favour of Protestants, was adjourned. DENMARK. Copenhagen, Oct. 30. Yefterday, at half paft one o'clock, the King of Sweden landed, from an open boat, at the CustomHoufe wharf of this city. His Majefty immediately went to General Sprengporten's houfe, and from thence to court. In the evening the King accompanied the Royal Family to the play, and this morning his Majefty had a Levee, at which the principal Nobility and the foreign Minifters had the honour of being presented to him. His Swedish Majefty and all his suite, which confifts of thirty-fix perfons, are lodged at the Palace. London Gazette. Copenhagen, Nov. 6. The King of Sweden left Copenhagen on Monday last, and after dining at Count Bernsdorff's coun try 1 New Conflitution of American Governnient. try houfe, his Majefty proceeded to Friedenfburgh, where he intended to pafs the night, and propofed to crois the Sound this morning at Elfineur in company with the Prince Royal. Ibid. AMERICA. The convention of the Reprefentatives of the States of America, held at Philadelphia, have fubmitted the refult of their deliberations on the fubject of modelling the new conftitution of American Government, to the Congrefs of the United States. The feveral objects to which the attention of the convention has been directed, are fo various and diffufive, as to make it impoffible to give even a fummary view of the whole. They are defirous to preferve a republican or democrative government; yet, in fome mealure, fimilar to the government from which they have feceded. As a parallel to our King, Lords, and Commons, the convention propofe to have a Profident, a Senate, and a Houfe of Reprefentatives; with this difference, that the Prefident and Senate are elective. The Prefident to be the grand executor of the laws. Foreign treaties, already made, or which may hereafter be made, to be regarded as the fupreme law of the land. Their deliberations are digefted with great perfpicuity, and evince an earnest defire to have their new form of government refpected by foreign nations, and made falutary for domeftic peace and fecurity; to render them fufficient for which purposes appears to have been the grand object of their endeavours. Whatever was the custom of ancient time, or the propriety of the thing itself, it does not appear that the crime of adultery now provokes the ignominy of public punishment any where but in America. The following is an exact copy of an American paragraph in a Boston newspaper. "At the Supreme Judicial Court held at Worcester, Ichabed Hayward and Patience Twitchell were convicted of the crime of adultery, and received fentence as follows:-Hayward to fit one hour on the gallows with a rope about his neck, one end thereof caft over the gallows, to be publicly whipped on the naked back thirty ftripes, and fuffer three months imprifonment. Patience Twitchel to fit one hour on the gallows, with a rope about her neck alfo, one end thereof caft over the gallows, and to be publicly whipped twenty ftripes on her bare back." This fentence was literally executed in the prefence of a gentleman just arrived from America; and as it happened to be the firft circumftance of the kind, an innumerable quantity of people were affembled. The culprits were both young and handsome, and by no means in low litua tions of life. A report is prevalent over all the Ame rican States, that the Federal Convention, finding how difficult it will be to pay off the national debt to foreigners within the time ftipulated, have refolved, "That it be recommended to the Congress of the United States to fet up the whole State of Rhode Island for fale to the higheft bidder or bidders, citizens, or States of the Confederacy, in the view of applying the nett proceeds of fuch fale to the liquidation of the foregoing debt." Where→ upon it is confidently afferted, that a private citizen of the State of Georgia, after having estimated the real value of his rice plantations, flaves, and other property (over and above his debts,) and prefuming the fame to be confiderably fuperior to the real value of the State of Rhode Island, has already tranímitted to Congrefs his propofals for purchafing it by private contract; and that Congrefs have taken this generous offer of his ad referendum." The Court of France has given ftrict orders, that no American fhip fhall be admitted into any of their ports in the Weft Indies, unless the captain is provided with a pafs from the conful refident at the place of his departure. WEST INDIES. The island of Dominica, in the courfe of the month of Auguft laft, has fuffered three moft dreadful difafters, which have almoft laid defolate the whole island. The first, which happened on the 3d, was but of fhort duration, and did little damage to the country; but caft on fhore a Guinea fhip, and several small craft, that were totally loft. The fecond, which began on the 23d about ten in the morning, continued with unabating fury till late in the evening, beating down every thing before it with inevitable deftruction. The fea raged at the same time, and buildings, ftanding corn, canes, fhipping, trees, plantations and their produce, the ftores &c. on the beach; all fuffered alike, and nothing but defolation and deftruction was to be feen throughout the whole island. The third gale, which happened on the 29th, was attended, if poffible, with more mifchief than either of the other two. A third African fhip, which had flipt and rode out the former tempefts, tempefts, (the Cator of Liverpool), was caft on fhore in this, with a cargo valued at 10000l.; all the houfes and works on the Pelongs, at Prince Rupert's bay, the barracks, and other buildings, on Morne Bruce, except the block-houfes and magazine, are among the ruins. In fhort, the ifland is in a moft deplorable fituation, the provifions in the ftores are rendered unfit for the fuftenance of the inhabitants, and the enfuing crops without hopes of recovery. The troops, both officers and foldiers, have fhared in the common calamity; the Hon. Mr Gore, of the 30th regiment, was dangerously wounded. Capt. Mafterton alio of the fame regiment is much hurt, as are two other officers, but not dangerously. Very diftreffing accounts have been received from other islands, as well French as English, but none fo dreadful as thofe from Dominica, ENGLAND. From the LONDON GAZETTE. Whitehall, Out 30. This morning one of His Majefty's meffengers arrived at the Office of the Marquis of Carmarthen, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with the Declaration and Counter-Declaration, of which the following are Tranflations, which were refpectively figned and exchanged at Verfailles, on the 27th inft. by his Grace the Duke of Dorfet, His Majefty's Ambaffador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Right Honourable William Eden, His Majefty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minifter Plenipotentiary, on the part of His Majefty, and by the Count de Montmorin, his most Chriftian Majefty's Minifter and Secretary of State, having the department of Foreign Affairs, on the part of his moft Chriftian Majefty. DECLARATION. The Events which have taken place in the Republic of the United Provinces appearing no longer to leave any fubject of difcuffion, and ftill lefs of conteft, between the two Courts, the underfigned are authorised to aík, Whether it is the intention of his moft Chriftian Majesty to carry into effect the notification made on the 16th of September laft, by his moft Chriftian Majefty's Minifter Plenipotentiary, which, by announcing that fuccours would be given in Holland, has occafioned the naval armaments on the part of His Majefly, which armaments have become reciprocal? If the Court of Versailles is difpofed to explain itself upon this fubject, and upon the conduct to be adopted towards the Republic, in a manner conformable to the defire which has been expreffed on both fides, to preferve the good underftanding between the two Courts; and it being alfo understood, at the fame time, that there is no view of hoftility towards any quarter, in confequence of what has pafled, His Majefty, always anxious to concur in the friendly fentiments of his moft Christian Majesty, would agree with hint, that the armaments, and in general all warlike preparations fhould be difcontinued on each fide, and that the navies of the two nations should be again placed upon the footing of the Peace eflablishment, as it ftood on the first of January of the present year. Verfailles, 27th of October, 1787. DORSET. WM. EDEN. COUNTER-DECLARATION. The intention of His Majefty not be ing, and never having been, to interfere by force in the affairs of the Republic of the United Provinces, the communication made to the Court of London, on the 16th of laft month, by Monf. Barthelemy, having had no other object than to announce to that Court an intention, the motives of which no longer exift, especi ally fince the King of Pruffia has imparted his refolution; His Majefty makes no difficulty to declare, that he will not give any effect to the Declaration above mentioned; and that he retains no hoftile view towards any quarter relative to what has paffed in Holland. His Majefty, therefore, being defirous to concur with the fentiments of his Britannic Majesty for the prefervation of the good harmony between the two Courts, agrees with pleasure with his Britannic Majefty; that the armaments, and in general all warlike preparations, fhall be difcontinu ed on each fide: and that the navies of the two nations fhall be again placed upon the footing of the Peace-eftablishment, as it ftood on the first of January of the present year. Verfailles, 27th Oct. 1787. LE CTE. DE MONTMORIN. In confequence of the declaration and counter-declaration exchanged this day, the undersigned, in the name of their refpective fovereigns, agree, that the armaments, and in general all warlike preparations, fhall be difcontinued on each fide, and that the navies of the two nas tions fhall be again placed upon the footing of the Peace-establishment, as it ftood |