SYSTE M

O F

General Geography:

EXPLAINING

The Nature and Properties of the EARTH;

V IZ.

It's Figure, Magnitude, Motions, Situation, Contents,

and Divifion into Land and Water, Mountains, Woods,

Defarts, Lakes, Rivers, &c.

With particular Accounts of the different Appearances

of the Heavens in different Countries; the Seafons of

the Year over all the Globe; the Tides of the Sea; Bays,

Capes, Inlands, Rocks, Sand-Banks, and Shelves.

The State of the Atmosphere; the Nature of Exhala-

tions; Winds, Storms, Tornados, &c.

The Origin of Springs, Mineral-Waters, Burning Moun-

tains, Mines, &c.

The Uses and Making of Maps, Globes, and Sea-Charts.

The Foundations of Dialling; the Art of Measuring

Heights and Distances; the Art of Ship-Building, Navigation,

and the Ways of Finding the LONGITUDE AT SEA.

Originally written in LATIN

By BERNHARD VARENIUS, M. D.

Since Improved and Illuftrated

By Sir ISAAC NEWTON and Dr JURIN;

And now Tranflated into English; with additional Notes, Cop-

per-Plates, an Alphabetical Index, and other Improvements.

Particularly useful to Students in the Univerfities; Travellers,

Sailors, and all those who defire to be acquainted with Mixed

Mathematics, Geography, Aftronomy, and Navigation.

By Mr DUGDALE.

The whole Revised and Corrected by PETER SHAW, M. D.

The Second Edition, with large additions.

VOL. II.

LONDO N: Printed for STEPHEN AUSTEN, at

the Angel and Bible, in St Paul's Church-Yard. 1734.

$6035, 77.2 (2)

56635.90.5 (2)

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

5366
57-13
37-2

THE

CONTENTS

Of the Second VOLUME.

BOOK II.

The Properties of the Earth in refpect to the

Heavenly Bodies.

D

CHA P. XXII.

EFINITIONS and Preliminaries, Page 529

1. Definitions of Globes, Maps, the Poles,

and Axis of the Earth, Parallels, Circles

of Latitudes, the Tropics, polar Circles,

Meridian, Horizon, &c.

2. Of the apparent diurnal Motion, or Revolution of

the Stars.

3. Of the proper or annual Motion of the Sun.

CHA P. XXIII.

Of the Latitude of Places, and the Elevation of

the Pole

Page 536

1. Definition of the Latitude of a Place, and a Cir-

cle of Latitude.

2. Definition of the Elevation of the Pole.

3. To find the Latitude of a Place on the Globe, or

in Maps.

4. A Place being given on the Globe, to Set the

Globe fo that the wooden Horizon may become the

Horizon of the Place.

A 2

5. The

5. The Latitude of a Place, is equal to the Eleva-

tion of the Pole.

6. To exhibit all thofe Places on the Globe, or in

Maps, which have a given Latitude, or Distance

from the Equator.

7. To find a Meridian Line, or the Point of North

and South, in a given Place.

8. To fet the Globe with respect to the four Quarters

of the World.

9. To find the Latitude of a Place by the Heavens.

10. The different Latitudes of Places.

11. When a Perfon is in an unknown Place, but finds
it's Latitude, to exhibit the Periphery of a Circle
upon the Globe in one Point of which the Perfon
certainly is.

CHA P. XXIV.

Of the Zones, and the Celestial Appearances in

different Zones,
Page 544.

1. The Divifion of the Earth's Surface into the Zones
arifes from the proper Motion of the Sun. The
Definition of Zones.

2. The Sign from whence to collect in what Zone any
Place lies.

3. Thro' what places the Equator paffes, or what places
lie in the Equator; what Regions are in the Tor-
rid Zone; what in the Temperate Zones, what
in the Tropics, and what in the Frigid Zones.
4. In what places the Sun is vertical once a Year, in
what twice, and in what never.

5. In what Places the Sun does not rife, and fet, in

feveral Revolutions, or for several entire Days:

in what Places it does not fet on one Day in the

Year only, &c.

6. In what Places the Sun rifes and fets every Day.

7. A Place being given in the Torrid Zone, to find

thofe two Days of the Year wherein the Sun is

vertical to that Place,

8. A Place

8. A Place being given in the Frigid Zone, to find
the first Day of the Year wherein the Sun will not
fet to that Place; and what Days it will not fet:
again to find the first Day wherein the Sun will
not rife.

9. The Day of the Year being given, to exhibit all
thofe Places of the Earth where the Sun will be
vertical that Day at Noon.

10. The Day of the Year being given, to exhibit all
thofe Places of the Earth where the Sun does not
fet on that Day, as the first.

11. To compute the Breadth and Extent of the feveral

Zones.

CHA P. XXV.

Of the different Lengths of Days in different places;

and the Divifion thence arifing of the Surface of

the Earth into Climates,
Page 554.

1. On two Days of the Year the Day and Night are
equal in all Places of the Earth.

2. În Places under the Equator all the Days and
Nights are equal. Under the Pole there is but one
Day and one Night throughout the Year.

3. In other Places no other Days are equal to the
Nights, befides these two.

4. A Place being given on the Globe, and the Day

of the Year, to find the Number of Hours the Sun

will continue above and under the Horizon of that

Place the fame Day.

5. Of the longest and shortest Day.

6. How the Days lengthen in all Places 'till they

come to the longeft; and how they decrease to the

Shorteft.

7. The remoteft of two Places from the Equator bas

all the Days for one half of the Year, and there-

fore it's longest Day, longer than the other.

A 3

8. All