A Practical Treatise on Warming Buildings by Hot Water, Steam, and Hot Air: On Ventilation and the Various Methods of Distributing Artificial Heat, and Their Effect on Animal and Vegetable Physiology. To which are Added an Inquiry Into the Laws of Radiant and Conducted Heat, the Chemical Constitution of Coal, and the Combustion of Smoke ...Whittaker, E. & F. N. Spon, 1879 - 463 páginas |
Otras ediciones - Ver todo
Términos y frases comunes
amount ascertained atmosphere boiler surface Bonnemain buildings calculations carbonic oxide cause chimney circulation circumstances cistern coal cockle coil cold column combustion condensed conducting power considerable contained cubic feet cubic foot degree descending pipe direct action effect equal escape estimate evaporation experiments external Fahrenheit feet of air fire flues four inches diameter fuel furnace furnace-bars given glass greater hard water heating surface horizontal hot water hot-air hot-water apparatus increased invention iron latent heat length of pipe less main-pipe method minute mode motion nearly obtained ordinary oxygen passing patent perature placed pressure produced proportion purpose quantity of air quantity of heat quantity of pipe quantity of vapour quantity of water radiant heat radiation ratus result return-pipe sensible heat smoke specific gravity specific heat square feet square inch steam stove sufficient supposed Table thermometer tion tube velocity ventilation vertical height vessel warmed
Pasajes populares
Página 346 - ... lower than that of the former. But as the height of the heated column is limited by the height of the tube or chimney, which we suppose to be only ten feet high, the colder column presses it upwards with a force proportionate to this difference in weight, and with a velocity equal to that acquired by a body falling through a space equal to the difference in height, that two columns of equal weight would occupy, which in this case is five inches. Now, the law of gravitation is this : — that...
Página 149 - ... is in direct proportion to the surface exposed, all other circumstances alike." 3. " An increase of temperature in the liquid is attended with an increase of evaporation, not directly proportionable." 4. " Evaporation is greater where there is a stream of air than where the air is stagnant.
Página 336 - The first inspiration produced a sort of numbness and loss of feeling in the chest and about the pectoral muscles. After the second...
Página 337 - After the second inspiration, I lost all power of perceiving external things, and had no distinct sensation except a terrible oppression on the chest. During the third...
Página 379 - ... the velocity of the air. The retardation of the air by friction, in passing through straight tubes, will be directly as the length of the tube and the square of the velocity, and inversely as the diameter. In this way the action of chimneys is brought within the domain of science. There are, however, practical difficulties and special cases which usually come under the...
Página 307 - Dr James Johnson, speaking of the effects of impure air, says, ' that ague and fever, two of the most prominent features of the malarious influence, are as a drop of water in the ocean, when compared with the other less obtrusive but more dangerous maladies that silently disorganise the vital structure of the human fabric, under the influence of this deleterious and invisible poison.
Página 55 - But when the water and the steam are both contained in iron pipes of the same dimensions, the rate of cooling will differ from this ratio, in consequence of the greater quantity of heat contained in the metal than in the steam. The specific heat of iron being nearly the same as that of water, the pipe filled with water will contain 4.68 times as much heat as that...
Página 341 - ... disengaging its oxygen; that they decompose water to combine with its hydrogen, and to disengage, also, its oxygen; that, in fine, they sometimes borrow azote directly from the air, and sometimes indirectly from the oxide of ammonium, or from nitric acid; thus working, in every case, in a manner the inverse of that which is peculiar to animals? If the animal kingdom constitutes an immense apparatus for combustion, the vegetable kingdom, in its turn, constitutes an immense apparatus for reduction,...
Página 375 - ... homogenous fluid. But although the various writers all agree in this fundamental principle, they differ materially in the modes of applying it, and in the several corrections introduced into their theorems ; and the results they have arrived at are of a very contradictory character. Dr. Gregory's formula for calculating the velocity with which air of the natural density will rush into a place containing rarer air, is based upon the velocity with which air flows into a vacuum. This is equal to...
Página 281 - ... registers or metal covers to the breast of the chimney, for the same reason ; and also because by their sloping upwards towards the back of the fire-place, they caused the warm air from the room to be drawn up the chimney, and thus interfered with the passage of the smoke. These registers are now arranged so as to be lower at the back than at the front of the stove, but they are usually placed too high up. If brought down lower and placed at an angle of 45°, much of the heat of the fire would...